Thyroxine binding properties of glycosylated human serum albumin as measured by fluorescence

Clinical, pathophysiological and structure/function consequences of modification of albumin by Amadori-glucose adducts

BACKGROUND

The nonenzymatic condensation of glucose with albumin results in the formation of albumin modified by Amadori glucose adducts, the principal form in which glycated albumin exists in vivo.

SCOPE OF REVIEW

This review focuses on (a) the utility of measurement of Amadori-modified glycated albumin (AGA) as a biomarker in diabetes, where elevated levels attend the hyperglycemic state; (b) the role of AGA as a causal factor in the pathogenesis of complications of diabetes; (c) effects on transport properties; and (d) structural and functional consequences of the modification of albumin by Amadori glucose adducts. It does not discuss counterparts with respect to Advanced Glycation Endproducts (AGE), which may be found in other publications.

MAJOR CONCLUSIONS

Nonenzymatic glycation of albumin, which is increased in diabetes, has clinical relevance and pathophysiologic importance, with ramifications for the management of this disease, the development of its complications, and the transport of endogenous and exogenous ligands.

GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE

Appreciation of the manifold consequences of AGA has afforded new avenues for assessing clinical management of diabetes, awareness of the impact of nonenzymatic glycation on albumin biology, insights into the pathogenesis of vascular complications of diabetes, and avenues of investigation of and intervention strategies for these complications. This article is part of a Special Issue on albumin. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled Serum Albumin.

Effect of nonenzymatic glycosylation on the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agent binding to human serum albumin

Enhanced nonenzymatic glycosylation (NEG) of human serum albumin (HSA) is observed in diabetic patients. This modifies some of the physiological functions of HSA, as the binding of ligands. Some gadolinium complexes, commonly used as MRI contrast agents, have a high affinity for HSA, which enhances their efficacy. The aim of this study is to evaluate the possible influence of the NEG of HSA on its affinity for some gadolinium chelates.

A rapid and sensitive chemiluminescent immunoassay of total thyroxin with DMAE x NHS-Labeled

A novel chemiluminescence immunoassay (CLIA) of total thyroxin (TT4) with the acridinium ester of DMAE x NHS [2',6'-dimethyl-4'-(n-succinimidyloxycarbonyl) phenyl-10-methyl-acridinium-9-carboxylate methosulfate] labeled has been developed. In our method, microwells were coated with anti-T4 monoclonal antibody (McAb) and DMAE x NHS synthesized by our laboratory was conjugated with streptavidin (SA). T4-BSA was conjugated with biotin-N-hydroxysuccinimide (B x NHS), T4-BSA- B x NHS and the T4 in the standard or sample competitively react with anti-T4 McAb. Streptavidin-biotin separation and enhanced techniques were applied in this assay. The presented approach shows many excellent characteristics, particularly, rapid assay process and high detection sensitivity.