In vivo properties of the conjugates of mitomycin C with estradiol benzoate and estradiol: pharmacokinetics and antitumor characteristics against P388 leukemia and sarcoma 180

Convergent synthesis of a steroidal antiestrogen-mitomycin C hybrid using "click" chemistry

A convergent synthesis of a novel estrogen receptor-targeted drug hybrid was developed based on structures of the potent anti-proliferative mitomycin C and the steroidal anti-estrogen RU 39411. The steroidal antiestrogen was prepared with an azido-triethylene glycoloxy linker while the mitomycin C derivative (porfirimycin) incorporated a complementary 7-N-terminal alkyne. The two components were ligated using the Huisgen [3 + 2] cycloaddition ("click") reaction. Preliminary biological assays demonstrated that the final hybrid compound retained both potent anti-estrogenic and anti-proliferative activities.

Evaluation of antitumor and toxic side effects of mitomycin C–estradiol conjugates

The antitumor and toxic side effects of mitomycin C-estradiol conjugates (EB-glu-MMC and E-glu-MMC) were evaluated in detail for solutions in propylene glycol and suspensions in 10% (v/v) propylene glycol. Tumor growth, body weight and number of leukocytes were examined after i.p. administration to sarcoma 180 solid tumor-bearing mice. Body weight and number of leukocytes were also examined in normal mice after i.p. administration of the solution. In solution dosage forms, the two conjugates had almost the same suppressive effect on tumor growth at 30 mg MMC eq./kg as MMC at 5 mg/kg, did not lower body weight significantly, but reduced the number of leukocytes at 30 mg MMC eq./kg. MMC, lethally toxic at 10 mg, significantly lowered the body weight and leukocyte number. In the suspension dosage forms, these conjugates had a greater suppressive effect on tumor growth at 50 mg MMC eq./kg than MMC at 5 mg/kg, and reduced the body weight and leukocyte number, with E-glu-MMC more toxic than EB-glu-MMC. The presence of the tumor itself influenced the body weight and leukocyte number. However, toxic side effects could be evaluated from the body weight and leukocyte number to almost the same extent between tumor-bearing and normal mice.

Antitumor activities of conjugates of mitomycin C with estradiol benzoate and estradiol via glutaric acid in suspension dosage form

Conjugates of mitomycin C (MMC) with estradiol bezoate and estradiol via glutaric acid (EB-glu-MMC and E-glu-MMC, respectively) were examined for their antitumor activities against P388 leukemia and sarcoma 180. EB-glu-MMC and E-glu-MMC were suspended in 10% (v/v) propylene glycol in saline and administered intraperitoneally to mice bearing P388 leukemia intraperitoneally or to mice bearing sarcoma 180 subcutaneously. The antitumor effect against P388 leukemia was greater in the order MMC>E-glu-MMC>EB-glu-MMC, and only the former two compounds significantly increased life span. On the other hand, EB-glu-MMC and E-glu-MMC showed suppression of sarcoma 180 growth at higher doses close to or better than MMC. In the mixture of 1/15 M phosphate buffer (pH 7.4, ionic strength (mu) adjusted to 0.3 with NaCl)-propylene glycol (9:1, v/v) at 37 degrees C, MMC was released much more slowly from EB-glu-MMC suspension than from E-glu-MMC suspension. With regard to chemotherapy against sarcoma 180, both conjugates were considered to supply MMC slowly but effectively at higher doses.

Synthesis, pharmacokinetics, efficacy, and rat retinal toxicity of a novel mitomycin C-triamcinolone acetonide conjugate

A novel conjugate of mitomycin C (MMC) and triamcinolone acetonide (TA) was synthesized using glutaric acid as a linker molecule. To determine the rate of hydrolysis, the conjugate was dissolved in aqueous solution and the rate of appearance of free MMC and TA was determined by high-performance liquid chromatography analysis. Antiproliferative activity of the MMC-TA conjugate and parent compounds was assessed using an NIH 3T3 fibroblast cell line. Cell growth was quantified using the MTT assay. Kinetic analysis of the hydrolysis rate demonstrated that the conjugate had a half-life of 23.6 h in aqueous solutions. The antiproliferative activities of the MMC-TA conjugate and MMC were both concentration dependent, with similar IC(50) values of 2.4 and 1.7 microM, respectively. However, individual responses at concentrations above 3 microM showed that the conjugate was less active than MMC alone. TA alone showed only limited inhibition of cell growth. Studies evaluating intravitreal injection of the conjugate demonstrate that this agent produced no measurable toxicity. Our data provide evidence that the MMC-TA conjugate could be used as a slow-release drug delivery system. This could in turn be used to modulate a posttreatment wound healing process or to treat various proliferative diseases.