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Xu L, Du X, Zhou Y, Cao X, Shen Y, Zhu H, Huang H. Polyaspartic Acid-Stabilized CaCO 3-Containing In Situ Hydrogel for Protection and Treatment of Gastric Ulcer. Mol Pharm 2023; 20:2105-2118. [PMID: 36916647 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.2c01062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/15/2023]
Abstract
The lack of effective oral drug delivery systems to treat gastric ulcer is an urgent challenge in clinical practice. Herein, a gastric acid pH-responsive hydrogel of curcumin/sodium alginate/polyaspartic acid@CaCO3 (Cur/SA/PC) was developed for sustained release of Cur, exerting effective protection and treatment of gastric ulcers. The in vitro gelatinization properties and the corresponding gel characteristics of the SA/PC delivery system demonstrated the successful construction of the in situ hydrogel with uniform strength. The cellular uptake illustrated the successful uptake and sustained release of Cur. Besides, Cur effectively inhibited NLRP3-mediated pyroptosis both in vitro and in vivo, exhibited an excellent pro-healing effect by regulating the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway, and alleviated acetic acid-induced chronic gastric injury in rats. Moreover, the relative bioavailability of Cur in the SA/PC hydrogel could effectively increase in the pharmacokinetic study. Importantly, the protective barrier formed by the SA/PC hydrogel could effectively protect against alcohol-induced acute gastric ulcers in rats. Overall, the designed SA/PC oral delivery system is a promising strategy to overcome gastric barriers for oral drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixing Xu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Xiao Du
- Department of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical Center for Clinical Pharmacy, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Yao Zhou
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Xinyu Cao
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Ying Shen
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Hongyan Zhu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Haiqin Huang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
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Kothale D, Verma U, Dewangan N, Jana P, Jain A, Jain D. Alginate as Promising Natural Polymer for Pharmaceutical, Food, and Biomedical Applications. Curr Drug Deliv 2020; 17:755-775. [DOI: 10.2174/1567201817666200810110226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Revised: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Alginates are biopolymers usually obtained from brown seaweed, brown algae (Ochrophyta,
Phaeophyceae), and bacteria (<i>Azatobacter vineland</i> and <i>Pseudomonas</i> species) belonging to the family
of polycationic copolymers. They are biocompatible, biodegradable, non-antigenic, and non-toxic biopolymer
with molecular mass ranges from 32,000-40,000 g/mol in commercial grades. These can be
used as edible films or coatings in food industries and also some natural or chemical additives could
be incorporated into them to modify their functional, mechanical, nutritional as well as organoleptic
properties. Due to their high viscosity and extraordinary shear-thinning effect, they can be used as
dietary fibers, thickening, gelling and stabilizing agents. Commercial alginates have vast applications
in the fields of biomedical engineering, biotechnology, environmental contaminants treatments, food
processing, and pharmaceuticals. Alginates can be used in wound dressings, bone regeneration,
neovascularization, protein delivery, cell delivery, theranostic agents, oral drug delivery, controlled
release systems, raft formulations, immobilization of biological agents and treatment of environmental
contaminants. Various carrier systems can be formulated by the use of alginates like hydrogel,
tablets, microcapsules, films, matrices, microspheres, liposomes, nanoparticles, beads, cochleate,
floating and supersaturated drug delivery systems. This review presents a broad range of promising
applications of alginates, and it can be a great interest to scientists and industries engaged in exploring
its hidden potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhalendra Kothale
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dr. Harisingh Gour University, Sagar (M.P.) 470 003, India
| | - Utsav Verma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dr. Harisingh Gour University, Sagar (M.P.) 470 003, India
| | - Nagesh Dewangan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dr. Harisingh Gour University, Sagar (M.P.) 470 003, India
| | - Partha Jana
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dr. Harisingh Gour University, Sagar (M.P.) 470 003, India
| | - Ankit Jain
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dr. Harisingh Gour University, Sagar (M.P.) 470 003, India
| | - Dharmendra Jain
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dr. Harisingh Gour University, Sagar (M.P.) 470 003, India
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3
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Gupta R, Tripathi P, Bhardwaj P, Mahor A. Recent advances in gastro retentive drug delivery systems and its application on treatment of H. Pylori infections. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.15406/japlr.2018.07.00258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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4
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Fröhlich E, Roblegg E. Mucus as Physiological Barrier to Intracellular Delivery. INTRACELLULAR DELIVERY II 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/978-94-017-8896-0_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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5
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Foster KA, Sun H, Fancher RM, Proszynski M, Dixon G, Ford K, Cornelius G, Gudmundsson OS, Hageman MJ. Utility of gastric-retained alginate gels to modulate pharmacokinetic profiles in rats. J Pharm Sci 2013; 102:2440-9. [PMID: 23744594 DOI: 10.1002/jps.23630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2012] [Revised: 04/25/2013] [Accepted: 05/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
A gastric-retentive formulation amenable to dosing in rodents has the potential to enable sustained release in a preclinical setting. This may be useful to provide systemic exposure over a longer duration or to increase duration of exposure for compounds with targets localized in the gastrointestinal tract. Previous work has shown that a mixture of 1% sodium alginate and 0.625% karaya gum in the presence of a calcium chelator can form gels in situ that are gastric retained in rats. The aim of this work was to define the physicochemical boundaries of compounds within this technology and their relation to in vivo release using a series of model compounds with high permeability but varying solubility. In vitro data demonstrated a good correlation between solubility and initial release rates from the gels. In vivo studies were conducted in Sprague-Dawley rats to compare the exposure profile of compounds dosed in gel relative to a standard formulation. In vivo data were consistent with trends from the in vitro studies. These data suggest that, in conjunction with an understanding of compound solubility, sodium alginate/karaya gum gels may be a useful tool to modulate exposure profiles in rodent models in a preclinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly A Foster
- Pharmaceutical Candidate Optimization, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, USA.
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Kubodera M, Tokumura T, Machida Y. Determination of metronidazole in a rat stomach by HPLC for obtaining basic data of the eradication therapy of Helicobacter pylori. J Pharm Anal 2012; 2:378-381. [PMID: 29403770 PMCID: PMC5760776 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpha.2012.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2011] [Accepted: 02/22/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In the eradication therapy of Helicobacter pylori changes of antibiotics as these concentrations or amount in the stomach after oral administration were not clear. A simple and accurate method for determining the concentration of metronidazole (MTZ) in homogenate of rat stomach was developed in order to obtain basic data to design a pharmaceutical preparation having targeting ability to the surface of gastric-mucosa. This method included a deproteinization process by methanol, separation with reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography, and detection with an ultraviolet wavelength of 370 nm. Regression analysis showed that the method was linear over a standard curve range from 5 μg/mL to 2000 μg/mL. The inter-day precision and accuracy values between the ranges were 5.0% or better and -7.5 to 5.2%, respectively. The newly developed method was applied to an analysis of gastric samples after oral administration of MTZ at a dose of 5 mg/kg. It was found that the residual MTZ in the stomach was determined within 5 h after dosing. This method is useful for monitoring MTZ in stomach after its oral administration to rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mai Kubodera
- Pharmaceutical Research Laboratories, Nihon Generic Co. Ltd., Kannonndai 1-25-4, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0856, Japan
| | - Tadakazu Tokumura
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, International University of Health and Welfare, Kitakanemaru 2600-1, Ohtawara, Tochigi 324-8501, Japan
| | - Yoshiharu Machida
- Department of Drug Delivery Research, Hoshi University, Ebara 2-4-41, Shinagawa, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan
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Foster KA, Morgen M, Murri B, Yates I, Fancher RM, Ehrmann J, Gudmundsson OS, Hageman MJ. Utility of in situ sodium alginate/karaya gum gels to facilitate gastric retention in rodents. Int J Pharm 2012; 434:406-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2012.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2012] [Revised: 05/24/2012] [Accepted: 06/03/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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El Maghraby GM, Elzayat EM, Alanazi FK. Development of modifiedin situgelling oral liquid sustained release formulation of dextromethorphan. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2011; 38:971-8. [DOI: 10.3109/03639045.2011.634811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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9
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Chang CH, Lin YH, Yeh CL, Chen YC, Chiou SF, Hsu YM, Chen YS, Wang CC. Nanoparticles Incorporated in pH-Sensitive Hydrogels as Amoxicillin Delivery for Eradication of Helicobacter pylori. Biomacromolecules 2009; 11:133-42. [DOI: 10.1021/bm900985h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chiung-Hung Chang
- School of Chinese Medicine and Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China, and Graduate Institute of Basic Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Yu-Hsin Lin
- School of Chinese Medicine and Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China, and Graduate Institute of Basic Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Chia-Lin Yeh
- School of Chinese Medicine and Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China, and Graduate Institute of Basic Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Yi-Chi Chen
- School of Chinese Medicine and Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China, and Graduate Institute of Basic Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Shu-Fen Chiou
- School of Chinese Medicine and Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China, and Graduate Institute of Basic Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Yuan-Man Hsu
- School of Chinese Medicine and Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China, and Graduate Institute of Basic Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Yueh-Sheng Chen
- School of Chinese Medicine and Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China, and Graduate Institute of Basic Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Chi-Chung Wang
- School of Chinese Medicine and Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China, and Graduate Institute of Basic Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
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10
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Jain P, Jain S, Prasad KN, Jain SK, Vyas SP. Polyelectrolyte coated multilayered liposomes (nanocapsules) for the treatment of Helicobacter pylori infection. Mol Pharm 2009; 6:593-603. [PMID: 19718807 DOI: 10.1021/mp8002539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori infection is one of the major causes of gastric cancers. A number of systems have already been reported, but 100% eradication has never been achieved. The present invention designs a gastro-retentive drug delivery system incorporated with amoxicillin and metronidazole, specifically suited for the eradication of Helicobacter pylori infections due to its mucoadhesiveness in the presence of polyelectrolyte polymers. The system possesses the advantages of both vesicular and particulate carriers, and it was prepared by alternative coating of polyanion (poly(acrylic acid), PAA) and polycation (poly(allylamine hydrochloride), PAH) using liposomes as the core. Compared with the conventional liposomes, the polyelectrolyte based multilayered system (nanocapsules) gave prolonged drug release in simulated gastric fluid, which is well suited for drug delivery against H. pylori infection in the stomach. In vitro growth inhibition study, agglutination assay, and in situ adherence assay in cultured H. pylori suggested the successful in vitro activity and binding propensity of the system. In vivo bacterial clearance study carried out in a H. pylori infected mouse model finally confirmed the success of the developed novel nanocapsule system. Thus, the newly developed composite nanocapsules along with the use of combination therapy proved to have commendable potential in Helicobacter pylori eradication as compared to already existing conventional and novel drug delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parul Jain
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dr. Hari Singh Gour University, Sagar (M.P.) 470003, India
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11
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Rajinikanth PS, Mishra B. Stomach-Site Specific Drug Delivery System of Clarithromycin for Eradication of Helicobacter pylori. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2009; 57:1068-75. [DOI: 10.1248/cpb.57.1068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Brahmeshwar Mishra
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University
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12
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Rajinikanth PS, Balasubramaniam J, Mishra B. Development and evaluation of a novel floating in situ gelling system of amoxicillin for eradication of Helicobacter pylori. Int J Pharm 2006; 335:114-122. [PMID: 17141986 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2006.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2006] [Revised: 10/27/2006] [Accepted: 11/01/2006] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to develop a new intra-gastric floating in situ gelling system for controlled delivery of amoxicillin for the treatment of peptic ulcer disease caused by Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori). Gellan based amoxicillin floating in situ gelling systems (AFIG) were prepared by dissolving varying concentrations of gellan gum in deionized water containing sodium citrate, to which varying concentrations of drug and calcium carbonate, as gas-forming agent, was added and dissolved by stirring. The formulation variables like concentration of gellan gum and calcium carbonate significantly affected the in vitro drug release from the prepared AFIG. The in vivo H. pylori clearance efficacy of prepared AFIG in reference to amoxicillin suspension following repeated oral administration to H. pylori infected Mongolian gerbils was examined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique and by a microbial culture method. AFIG showed a significant anti-H. pylori effect in the in vivo gerbil model. It was noted that the required amount of amoxicillin for eradication of H. pylori was 10 times less in AFIG than from the corresponding amoxicillin suspension. The results further substantiated that the prepared AFIG has feasibility of forming rigid gels in the gastric environment and eradicated H. pylori from the gastrointestinal tract more effectively than amoxicillin suspension because of the prolonged gastrointestinal residence time of the formulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- P S Rajinikanth
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi-221005, India.
| | - J Balasubramaniam
- Research and Development Centre, ISP (Hong Kong) Limited, Somajiguda, Hyderabad-500082, India
| | - B Mishra
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi-221005, India.
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13
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Bardonnet PL, Faivre V, Pugh WJ, Piffaretti JC, Falson F. Gastroretentive dosage forms: Overview and special case of Helicobacter pylori. J Control Release 2006; 111:1-18. [PMID: 16403588 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2005.10.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 192] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2005] [Accepted: 10/31/2005] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The challenge to develop efficient gastroretentive dosage forms began about 20 years ago, following the discovery of Helicobacter pylori by Warren and Marshall. In order to understand the real difficulty of increasing the gastric residence time of a dosage form, we have first summarized the important physiologic parameters, which act upon the gastric residence time. Afterwards, we have reviewed the different drug delivery systems designed until now, i.e. high-density, intragastric floating, expandable, superporous hydrogel, mucoadhesive and magnetic systems. Finally, we have focused on gastroretentive dosage forms especially designed against H. pylori, including specific targeting systems against this bacterium.
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Affiliation(s)
- P L Bardonnet
- Laboratoire de Pharmacie Galénique Industrielle, EA 3741, ISPB, Université Claude Bernard, Lyon I, 8 av. Rockefeller, 69373 Lyon, France
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Tokumura T, Machida Y. Preparation of amoxicillin intragastric buoyant sustained-release tablets and the dissolution characteristics. J Control Release 2006; 110:581-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2005.10.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2004] [Accepted: 10/24/2005] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Arora S, Ali J, Ahuja A, Khar RK, Baboota S. Floating drug delivery systems: a review. AAPS PharmSciTech 2005; 6:E372-90. [PMID: 16353995 PMCID: PMC2750381 DOI: 10.1208/pt060347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 232] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of writing this review on floating drug delivery systems (FDDS) was to compile the recent literature with special focus on the principal mechanism of floatation to achieve gastric retention. The recent developments of FDDS including the physiological and formulation variables affecting gastric retention, approaches to design single-unit and multiple-unit floating systems, and their classification and formulation aspects are covered in detail. This review also summarizes the in vitro techniques, in vivo studies to evaluate the performance and application of floating systems, and applications of these systems. These systems are useful to several problems encountered during the development of a pharmaceutical dosage form.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shweta Arora
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hamdard University, New Delhi 110062, India.
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Petersson K, Larsen C. Alginate-based in situ gelling suspensions and emulsions comprising N4-alkyloxycarbonyl derivatives of cytosine: zero-order release and effect of physicochemical properties. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2005; 31:667-75. [PMID: 16207614 DOI: 10.1080/03639040500216394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
As an alternative to incorporation of various excipients, N(4)-alkyloxycarbonyl-cytosine derivatives possessing various physicochemical properties and cytosine regeneration rates have been examined to modify release rate and kinetics from in situ gelling alginate formulations, e.g., liquid formulations that gel in acidic gastric juice and release the entrapped derivative or parent cytosine. Linear relationships were obtained between the release rate constants and the square root of the solubility for suspension formulations. Calculated diffusion coefficients were observed to be similar for suspension and solution formulations; however, for in situ gelling emulsion formulations, diffusivity correlated linearly to log P. Zero-order release of parent cytosine was observed from in situ gelling suspensions of the poorly soluble acid-labile N(4)-adamantyloxycarbonyl-cytosine prodrug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karsten Petersson
- Department of Pharmaceutics, The Danish University of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Petersson K, Pedersen BT, Staerk D, Krogfelt KA, Larsen C. N4-alkyloxycarbonyl derivatives of cytosine: physicochemical characterisation, and cytosine regeneration rates and release from alginic acid gels. Eur J Pharm Sci 2004; 23:337-45. [PMID: 15567286 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2004.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2004] [Revised: 07/22/2004] [Accepted: 08/16/2004] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Nucleobase containing compounds might constitute a potential alternative to conventional antibiotics in the treatment of Helicobacter pylori infections. N4-alkyloxycarbonyl-cytosine derivatives were synthesized and subjected to basic physicochemical characterisation including assessment of hydrolytic stability in various matrices. pH-rate profiles of selected compounds (range 0-12) were constructed. Hydrolysis of the derivatives in slightly alkaline solution (60 degrees C) resulted in quantitative conversion to parent cytosine whereas at acidic pH (60 degrees C) liberation of cytosine was in most cases accompanied by the parallel formation of uracil. Interestingly the lipophilic N4-adamantyloxycarbonyl-cytosine prodrug exhibited a half-life of 41 min (pH 1.1 at 37 degrees C) with quantitative conversion to parent cytosine, the degradation rate being approximately 200 times faster than that of the non-cyclic aliphatic derivatives investigated. The presence of pig stomach homogenates, pepsin A and H. pylori did not have a noteworthy catalytic effect on the hydrolysis of the derivatives. The release of parent cytosine was markedly delayed from alginic acid gels loaded with the acid-labile and poorly soluble ADC prodrug as compared to gels loaded with parent cytosine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karsten Petersson
- Department of Pharmaceutics, The Danish University of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Murata Y, Kofuji K, Kawashima S. Preparation of floating alginate gel beads for drug delivery to the gastric mucosa. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE. POLYMER EDITION 2004; 14:581-8. [PMID: 12901439 DOI: 10.1163/15685620360674263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Alginate gel beads containing ethylcellulose (ALECs) were prepared and investigated with regard to buoyancy, in vitro and in vivo drug release profiles, and drug targeting specificity in the gastric mucosa. When the ethylcellulose (EC) content of ALECs containing metronidazole (MZ) was higher than 3%, the beads floated in all test solutions with a specific gravity of approx. 1.01. ALECs containing 5% EC released MZ gradually and floated throughout the experimental period in simulated gastric juice (pH 1.2), and all of the drug had been released after 90 min. When we orally administered ALECs to guinea pigs, about 85% of the incorporated MZ was released at 1 h. The MZ concentration of the gastric mucosa after administration of ALECs was greater than that observed with administration of MZ solution, despite lower serum concentrations. Furthermore, the similar data were obtained for ALECs with 7% EC. These results suggest that ALECs may become a practical vehicle for delivering drugs to the gastric mucosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshifumi Murata
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, Hokuriku University, Ho-3, Kanagawa-machi, Kanazawa 920-1181, Japan.
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de la Torre PM, Torrado G, Torrado S. Poly (acrylic acid) chitosan interpolymer complexes for stomach controlled antibiotic delivery. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004; 72:191-7. [PMID: 15481088 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.30134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to develop a stomach-specific drug delivery system to increase the efficacy of amoxicillin against Helicobacter pylori. Polyacrylic acid (PAA), chitosan (CS), and amoxicillin (A) were employed to obtain polyionic complexes. The design of the hydrogel delivery system was based on the swellable approach; with a floating feature to prolong the Gastric Residence Time (GRT). The polyionic complex (PAA:CS:A 2.5:5:2) showed a sustained drug release profile in enzyme-free simulated gastric fluid (SGF) and pH 4.0. A pH independent swelling-eroding pattern with adequate maximum swelling ratios of 17.76 and 13.42 was obtained at in SGF and pH 4.0, respectively, with similar eroding profiles in both pH media. This network carrier provides an amoxicillin protective effect towards the hydrolytic degradation in SGF. The in vivo study was performed on healthy volunteers, using the [13C] octanoic acid breath test. The proposed hydrogel showed a prolonged GRT of up to 3 h. The preliminary results from this study suggest that amoxicillin polyionic complexes have potential for improving local antibiotic therapy against H. pylori.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paloma M de la Torre
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University, Avda. Complutense S/N. Madrid, 28040, Spain
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Shilpa A, Agrawal SS, Ray AR. Controlled Delivery of Drugs from Alginate Matrix. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1081/mc-120020160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Abstract
Alginates are established among the most versatile biopolymers, used in a wide range of applications. The conventional use of alginate as an excipient in drug products generally depends on the thickening, gel-forming, and stabilizing properties. A need for prolonged and better control of drug administration has increased the demand for tailor-made polymers. Hydrocolloids like alginate can play a significant role in the design of a controlled-release product. At low pH hydration of alginic acid leads to the formation of a high-viscosity "acid gel." Alginate is also easily gelled in the presence of a divalent cation as the calcium ion. Dried sodium alginate beads reswell, creating a diffusion barrier decreasing the migration of small molecules (e.g., drugs). The ability of alginate to form two types of gel dependent on pH, i.e., an acid gel and an ionotropic gel, gives the polymer unique properties compared to neutral macromolecules. The molecule can be tailor-made for a number of applications. So far more than 200 different alginate grades and a number of alginate salts are manufactured. The potential use of the various qualities as pharmaceutical excipients has not been evaluated fully, but alginate is likely to make an important contribution in the development of polymeric delivery systems. This natural polymer is adopted by Ph.Eur. It can be obtained in an ultrapure form suitable for implants. This review discusses the present use and future possibilities of alginate as a tool in drug formulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanne Hjorth Tønnesen
- Institute of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1068, Blindern, 0316 Oslo, Norway
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22
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Choi BY, Park HJ, Hwang SJ, Park JB. Preparation of alginate beads for floating drug delivery system: effects of CO(2) gas-forming agents. Int J Pharm 2002; 239:81-91. [PMID: 12052693 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-5173(02)00054-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 179] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Floating beads were prepared from a sodium alginate solution containing CaCO(3) or NaHCO(3) as gas-forming agents. The solution was dropped to 1% CaCl(2) solution containing 10% acetic acid for CO(2) gas and gel formation. The effects of gas-forming agents on bead size and floating properties were investigated. As gas-forming agents increased, the size and floating properties increased. Bead porosity and volume average pore size, as well as the surface and cross-sectional morphology of the beads were examined with Mercury porosimetry and Scanning Electron Microscopy. NaHCO(3) significantly increased porosity and pore diameter than CaCO(3). Incorporation of CaCO(3) into alginate solution resulted in smoother beads than those produced with NaHCO(3). Gel strength analysis indicated that bead strength decreased with increasing gas-forming agent from 9 to 4 N. Beads incorporating CaCO(3) exhibited significantly increased gel strength over control and NaHCO(3)-containing samples. Release characteristics of riboflavin as a model drug were studied in vitro. Release rate of riboflavin increased proportionally with addition of NaHCO(3). However, increasing weight ratios of CaCO(3) did not appreciably accelerate drug release. The results of these studies indicate that CaCO(3) is superior to NaHCO(3) as a gas forming agent in alginate bead preparations. The enhanced buoyancy and sustained release properties of CaCO(3)-containing beads make them an excellent candidate for floating drug dosage systems (FDDS).
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Affiliation(s)
- B Y Choi
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 136-701, South Korea
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23
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Hejazi R, Amiji M. Stomach-specific anti-H. pylori therapy. I: Preparation and characterization of tetracyline-loaded chitosan microspheres. Int J Pharm 2002; 235:87-94. [PMID: 11879743 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-5173(01)00985-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The main objective of the study was to develop a stomach-specific drug delivery system to increase the efficacy of tetracycline against Helicobacter pylori. Chitosan microspheres were prepared by ionic cross-linking and precipitation with sodium sulfate. Two different methods were used for drug loading. In method I, tetracycline was mixed with chitosan solution before the simultaneous cross-linking and precipitation. In method II, the drug was incubated with pre-formed microspheres for 48 h. The cumulative amount of tetracycline that was released from chitosan microspheres and the stability of the drug was examined in different pH medium at 37 degrees C. Microspheres with a spherical shape and an average diameter of 2.0-3.0 microm were formed. When the drug was added to the polymer solution before cross-linking and precipitation only 8% (w/w) was optimally incorporated in the final microsphere formulation. When the drug was incubated with the pre-formed microspheres, on the other hand, a maximum of 69% (w/w) could be loaded. Thirty percent of tetracycline either in solution or when released from microspheres was found to degrade at pH 1.2 in 12 h. The preliminary results from this study suggest that chitosan microspheres can be used to incorporate antibiotic drugs and may be effective when administered locally in the stomach against H. pylori.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radi Hejazi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Northeastern University, 110 Mugar Life Sciences Building, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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24
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Amaral L, Viveiros M, Kristiansen JE. Phenothiazines: potential alternatives for the management of antibiotic resistant infections of tuberculosis and malaria in developing countries. Trop Med Int Health 2001; 6:1016-22. [PMID: 11737839 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-3156.2001.00804.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The in vitro and in vivo activity of phenothiazines against antibiotic susceptible and antibiotic resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis and malaria-causing Plasmodia is reviewed. Given the facts that pulmonary tuberculosis and malaria are the major causes of death in developing countries, that both of these infections continue to escalate in their resistance to antibiotics, that the cost for the management of these infections is beyond that afforded by most developing nations, and lastly, that new and effective agents are not forthcoming from the pharmaceutical industry, the scientific rationale for the potential use of select phenothiazines for the management of these infections is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Amaral
- Unit of Mycobacteriology, Institute of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.
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25
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Amaral L, Kristiansen JE. Phenothiazines: potential management of Creutzfeldt-Jacob disease and its variants. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2001; 18:411-7. [PMID: 11711254 DOI: 10.1016/s0924-8579(01)00432-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease acquired from bovines (nvCJD) has been responsible for nearly 100 deaths in the UK and thousands more may die in the years to come. New variant CJD (nvCJD) is incurable and although clinical diagnosis is becoming more precise, the diagnosis is only certain at autopsy. Phenothiazine derivatives inhibit production of prions, the disease causing agent, in cultured neuroblastoma cells, and an advanced case of nvCJD was recently brought to remission by the use of these agents in combination with an antimalarial. In this review we present direct and circumstantial evidence in support of a model describing the manner by which the intracellular antimicrobial activity of phenothiazines might cause the destruction of intracellular prions.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Amaral
- Unit of Mycobacteriology, Institute of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Rua Junqueira 96, 1349-008, Lisbon, Portugal.
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26
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Miyazaki S, Kawasaki N, Kubo W, Endo K, Attwood D. Comparison of in situ gelling formulations for the oral delivery of cimetidine. Int J Pharm 2001; 220:161-8. [PMID: 11376978 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-5173(01)00669-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Three liquid formulations with in situ gelling properties have been assessed for their potential for the oral delivery of cimetidine. The formulations were dilute solutions of: (a) enzyme-degraded xyloglucan, which form thermally reversible gels on warming to body temperature; (b) gellan gum and; (c) sodium alginate both containing complexed calcium ions that form gels when these ions are released in the acidic environment of the stomach. The in vitro release of cimetidine from gels of each of the compounds followed root-time kinetics over a period of 6 h. Plasma levels of cimetidine after oral administration to rabbits of each of the formulations were compared with those resulting from administration of a commercial cimetidine/alginate suspension with an identical drug loading. In vivo release characteristics of each of the in situ gelling formulations were similar to those of the commercial preparation.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Miyazaki
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Science University of Hokkaido, Ishikari-Tohbetsu, 061-0293, Hokkaido, Japan
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Miyazaki S, Kubo W, Attwood D. Oral sustained delivery of theophylline using in-situ gelation of sodium alginate. J Control Release 2000; 67:275-80. [PMID: 10825560 DOI: 10.1016/s0168-3659(00)00214-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Gels formed in situ following oral administration of aqueous solutions of sodium alginate (1.0-2.0%w/v) to rats were evaluated as sustained release vehicles for the delivery of theophylline. The liquid formulation contained calcium ions in complexed form, the release of which in the acidic environment of the stomach caused gelation of the alginate. Bioavailability of theophylline from alginate gels formed by in situ gelation in the rat stomach was increased by 1.3-2-fold in rats for alginate concentrations of 2.0 to 1.0%w/v respectively compared with that from a proprietary oral sustained release formulation containing an identical drug concentration. There was no significant difference in the mean residence times of theophylline when administered by these two vehicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Miyazaki
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Science University of Hokkaido, Ishikari-Tohbetsu, 061-0293, Hokkaido, Japan
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