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Wang X, Liu Q, Fu Y, Ding RB, Qi X, Zhou X, Sun Z, Bao J. Magnolol as a Potential Anticancer Agent: A Proposed Mechanistic Insight. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27196441. [PMID: 36234977 PMCID: PMC9570903 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27196441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a serious disease with high mortality and morbidity worldwide. Natural products have served as a major source for developing new anticancer drugs during recent decades. Magnolol, a representative natural phenolic lignan isolated from Magnolia officinali, has attracted considerable attention for its anticancer properties in recent years. Accumulating preclinical studies have demonstrated the tremendous therapeutic potential of magnolol via a wide range of pharmacological mechanisms against cancer. In this review, we summarized the latest advances in preclinical studies investigating anticancer properties of magnolol and described the important signaling pathways explaining its underlying mechanisms. Magnolol was capable of inhibiting cancer growth and metastasis against various cancer types. Magnolol exerted anticancer effects through inhibiting proliferation, inducing cell cycle arrest, provoking apoptosis, restraining migration and invasion, and suppressing angiogenesis. Multiple signaling pathways were also involved in the pharmacological actions of magnolol against cancer, such as PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling, MAPK signaling and NF-κB signaling. Based on this existing evidence summarized in the review, we have conclusively confirmed magnolol had a multi-target anticancer effect against heterogeneous cancer disease. It is promising to develop magnolol as a drug candidate for cancer therapy in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofeng Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou 570102, China
| | - Qingqing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center of One Health, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Yuanfeng Fu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center of One Health, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Ren-Bo Ding
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center of One Health, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao 999078, China
| | - Xingzhu Qi
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center of One Health, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Xuejun Zhou
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou 570102, China
| | - Zhihua Sun
- State International Joint Research Center for Animal Health Breeding, Key Laboratory of Control and Prevention of Animal Disease of Xinjiang Production & Construction Corps, College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China
- Correspondence: (Z.S.); (J.B.)
| | - Jiaolin Bao
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center of One Health, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao 999078, China
- Correspondence: (Z.S.); (J.B.)
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Tang CY, Lai CC, Huang PH, Yang AH, Chiang SC, Huang PC, Tseng KW, Huang CH. Magnolol reduces myocardial injury induced by renal ischemia and reperfusion. J Chin Med Assoc 2022; 85:584-596. [PMID: 35385419 DOI: 10.1097/jcma.0000000000000727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Magnolol is a component of the bark of Magnolia officinalis, which is a traditional herbal remedy used in China. In this study, we investigated whether magnolol can reduce myocardial injury induced by renal ischemia and reperfusion (I/R). METHODS Renal I/R was elicited by a 60-minute occlusion of the bilateral renal arteries and a 24-hour reperfusion in Sprague-Dawley rats. Magnolol was administered intravenously 10 minutes before renal I/R to evaluate its effects on myocardial injury induced by renal I/R. RESULTS Renal I/R significantly increased the serum levels of creatine phosphokinase (CPK), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and cardiac troponin I and caused myocardial damage. The terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling-positive nuclei and caspase-3 activation was significantly increased in the myocardium, indicating increase of apoptosis. Echocardiography revealed left ventricular dysfunction, as evidenced by reduction of left ventricular ejection fraction and left ventricular fractional shortening. Furthermore, serum levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-1β, and IL-6 were significantly elevated, while the IL-10 level was suppressed. However, intravenously, pretreatment with magnolol at doses of 0.003 and 0.006 mg/kg 10 minutes before renal I/R significantly prevented the increases of CPK, LDH, and cardiac troponin I levels, as well as the histological damage and the apoptosis in the myocardium. Echocardiography showed significant improvement of left ventricular function. Furthermore, the increases in TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 and the decrease in IL-10 were significantly limited, while Bcl-2 was increased and Bax was decreased in the myocardium. Phosphorylation of Akt and extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1 and 2 was increased, while phosphorylation of p38 and c-Jun N-terminal kinase was reduced. CONCLUSION Magnolol reduces myocardial injury induced by renal I/R. The underlying mechanisms for this effect might be related to modulation of the production of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines and the limiting of apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Yu Tang
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chang-Chi Lai
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Department of Exercise and Health Sciences, University of Taipei, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Po-Hsun Huang
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Cardiovascular Research Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - An-Han Yang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Shu-Chiung Chiang
- Institute of Hospital and Health Care Administration, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Po-Chao Huang
- Department of Life Science, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Kuo-Wei Tseng
- Department of Exercise and Health Sciences, University of Taipei, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Cheng-Hsiung Huang
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
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Screening of phytochemicals effective on relieving cancer cachexia in cisplatin-induced in vitro sarcopenia model. Mol Cell Toxicol 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s13273-021-00181-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Tang H, Zhang Y, Li D, Fu S, Tang M, Wan L, Chen K, Liu Z, Xue L, Peng A, Ye H, Chen L. Discovery and synthesis of novel magnolol derivatives with potent anticancer activity in non-small cell lung cancer. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 156:190-205. [PMID: 30006164 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.06.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Revised: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
EGFR T790 M accounts for 50% to 60% of cases of non-small-cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) resistance to the first-generation EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). Hence, identifying novel compounds with activity against TKIs resistant is of great value. In this study, twenty honokiol and magnolol derivatives were isolated from the EtOH extract of Magnolia officinalis and the antiproliferative activity was evaluated on HCC827 (19del EGFR mutation), H1975 (L858 R/T790 M EGFR mutation), and H460 (KRAS mutation) cell lines. Among the isolated compounds, piperitylmagnolol (a 3-substituted magnolol derivative) showed the best antiproliferative activity against those three cell lines with the IC50 values of 15.85, 15.60 and 18.60 μM, respectively, which provided a direction for the structural modification of magnolol. Further structural modification led to the synthesis of thirty-one magnolol derivatives, and compounds A13, C1, and C2 exhibited significant and broad-spectrum antiproliferative activity with the IC50 values ranging from 4.81 to 13.54 μM, which were approximately 4- and 8-fold more potent than those of honokiol and magnolol, respectively. Moreover, their aqueous solubility was remarkably improved with 12-, 400- and 105 fold greater than those of honokiol and magnolol. Anti-tumor mechanism research revealed that these three compounds were able to induce cell cycle arrest at G0/G1 phase, cause efficient apoptosis in H1975 cells, and also prevent the migration of HUVECs in a dose-dependent manner through Cdk2, Cdk4, Cyclin E, and Cyclin D1 inhibition as well as up-regulation of cleaved-PARP and cleaved-caspase 3 levels. In in vivo antitumor activity, C2 (10, 30 and 100 mg/kg, po) dose-dependently inhibited the tumor growth in H1975 xenograft model with the tumor inhibition rate of 46.3%, 59.3% and 61.2% respectively, suggesting that C2 is a potential oral anticancer agent deserving further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041, PR China
| | - Yongguang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041, PR China
| | - Dan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041, PR China
| | - Suhong Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041, PR China
| | - Minghai Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041, PR China
| | - Li Wan
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of TCM, The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Systematic Research, Development and Utilization of Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu, 611137, PR China
| | - Kai Chen
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, PR China
| | - Zhuowei Liu
- Guang dong Zhongsheng Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Dongguan, Guangdong, 523325, PR China
| | - Linlin Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041, PR China
| | - Aihua Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041, PR China
| | - Haoyu Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041, PR China.
| | - Lijuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041, PR China; School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of TCM, The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Systematic Research, Development and Utilization of Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu, 611137, PR China.
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Kim KY. Anti-inflammatory and ECM gene expression modulations of β-eudesmol via NF-κB signaling pathway in normal human dermal fibroblasts. BIOMEDICAL DERMATOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.1186/s41702-017-0014-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Tang CY, Lai CC, Huang PH, Yang AH, Chiang SC, Huang PC, Tseng KW, Huang CH. Magnolol Reduces Renal Ischemia and Reperfusion Injury via Inhibition of Apoptosis. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2017; 45:1421-1439. [PMID: 28946769 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x1750077x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Magnolol, a constituent of the bark of Magnolia officinalis, has been reported to decrease myocardial stunning and infarct size. In this study, we investigated whether magnolol can reduce renal ischemia and reperfusion (I/R) injury. Renal I/R, induced by a 60-min occlusion of bilateral renal arteries and a 24-h reperfusion, significantly increased blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine levels, and caused histological damage to the kidneys of rats. Apoptosis, as evaluated by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) staining and caspase-3 activation, was significantly increased in the kidneys. Furthermore, serum levels of tumor necrosis factor-[Formula: see text] (TNF-[Formula: see text]), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) were significantly elevated, while the interleukin-10 (IL-10) level was suppressed. However, intravenous pretreatment with magnolol at doses of 0.003[Formula: see text]mg/kg and 0.006[Formula: see text]mg/kg 10[Formula: see text]min before renal I/R significantly limited the increases of BUN, creatinine, the histological damage, and apoptosis in the kidneys. The increases in TNF-[Formula: see text], IL-1β, and IL-6, and the decrease in IL-10 were also significantly inhibited. Additionally, magnolol increased Bcl-2 and decreased Bax in the kidneys. Phosphorylation of the prosurvival kinases, including Akt and extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1 and 2 (ERK1/2), was elevated, while phosphorylation of the pro-apoptotic mitogen-activated protein kinases, including p38 and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), was suppressed. In conclusion, magnolol reduces renal I/R injury. The underlying mechanisms for this effect might be related to the prevention of apoptosis, possibly via the inhibition of both extrinsic and intrinsic apoptotic pathways, including the reduction of TNF-[Formula: see text] production and the modulation of pro- and anti-apoptotic signaling elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Yu Tang
- * Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,§ Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chang-Chi Lai
- * Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,§ Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,** Department of Exercise and Health Sciences, University of Taipei, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Po-Hsun Huang
- † Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,§ Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,¶ Cardiovascular Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - An-Han Yang
- ‡ Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Chiung Chiang
- ∥ Institute of Hospital and Health Care Administration, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Po-Chao Huang
- †† Department of Life Science, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Wei Tseng
- ** Department of Exercise and Health Sciences, University of Taipei, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Hsiung Huang
- * Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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Seo KH, Lee DY, Lee YG, Baek NI. Dineolignans of 3-O-4' diphenyl ether-type from fruits of Magnolia obovata. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2017; 136:133-140. [PMID: 28139299 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2017.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2016] [Revised: 12/16/2016] [Accepted: 01/07/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Seven dineolignans of the 3-O-4' diphenyl ether-type (obovatalignans C-I, respectively), were isolated from fruits of Magnolia obovata through repeated silica gel (SiO2), octadecyl SiO2, and Sep-Pak chromatographies. Their chemical structures were determined based on various spectroscopic methods including NMR, HR-MS, IR, specific rotation, and CD spectrometry. Especially, compounds 1-5 include the relatively rare 1,4-benzodioxane ring moiety in the molecular structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyeong-Hwa Seo
- Department of Oriental Medicine Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, 446-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Young Lee
- Department of Herbal Crop Research, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, RDA, Eumseong, 369-873, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeong-Geun Lee
- Department of Oriental Medicine Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, 446-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Nam-In Baek
- Department of Oriental Medicine Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, 446-701, Republic of Korea.
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Rodrigues LC, Barbosa-Filho JM, de Oliveira MR, do Nascimento Néris PL, Borges FVP, Mioso R. Synthesis and Antileishmanial Activity of Natural Dehydrodieugenol and Its Mono- and Dimethyl Ethers. Chem Biodivers 2016; 13:870-4. [PMID: 27251851 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.201500280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2015] [Accepted: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The study of chemistry of naturally occurring compounds and the synthesis of their derivatives is fundamentally important for the development of new drugs. In this work, dehydrodieugenol (DHDE) was obtained through oxidative coupling of eugenol, promoted by an aqueous mixture of potassium ferricyanide (K3 [Fe(CN)6 ]) and NH3 · H2 O. The partial methoxylation of DHDE with MeI and K2 CO3 mainly resulted in the molecular-shaped monomethyl ether (DHDE-1MeO) and its dimethyl ether derivative (DHDE-2MeO). The products from the reactions were characterized by (1) H- and (13) C-NMR spectroscopy. Additionally, these studies have reported the antileishmanial activity of DHDE against Leishmania amazonensis (IC50 value of 42.20 μg ml(-1) ) and shown that partial methoxylation of DHDE results in a significant increase in its antiparasitic activity (IC50 value of 13.68 μg ml(-1) ). Based on in vitro bioassays, DHDE-1MeO has shown the highest leishmanicidal activity in promastigota form. Production by direct one-step synthesis of this monomethoxylated compound can be considered to be a cost-effective and environmentally friendly method with a short reaction time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Cezar Rodrigues
- Department of Biotechnology, Biotechnology Center, Federal University of Paraíba, Cidade Universitaria, João Pessoa, PB, 58051-970, Brazil
| | - José Maria Barbosa-Filho
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Biotechnology Center, Federal University of Paraíba, Cidade Universitaria, João Pessoa, PB, 58051-970, Brazil
| | - Marcia Rosa de Oliveira
- Department of Molecular Biology, Federal University of Paraíba, Cidade Universitaria, João Pessoa, PB, 58051-970, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Lima do Nascimento Néris
- Post-Graduate Program in Natural Products and Bioactives, Federal University of Paraíba, Cidade Universitaria, João Pessoa, PB, 58051-970, Brazil
| | - Flávio Valadares Pereira Borges
- Post-Graduate Program in Natural Products and Bioactives, Federal University of Paraíba, Cidade Universitaria, João Pessoa, PB, 58051-970, Brazil
| | - Roberto Mioso
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Pernambuco, Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, 1235 - Cidade Universitaria, Recife, PE, 50670-901, Brazil.
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Magnolol Suppresses MetastasisviaInhibition of Invasion, Migration, and Matrix Metalloproteinase-2/-9 Activities in PC-3 Human Prostate Carcinoma Cells. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2014; 74:961-7. [DOI: 10.1271/bbb.90785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Role of magnolol in the proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells. Herz 2014; 40:542-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s00059-014-4051-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2013] [Accepted: 12/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Dai M, Yuan X, Kang J, Zhu ZJ, Yue RC, Yuan H, Chen BY, Zhang WD, Liu RH, Sun QY. Synthesis and biological evaluation of phenyl substituted polyoxygenated xanthone derivatives as anti-hepatoma agents. Eur J Med Chem 2013; 69:159-66. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2013.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2013] [Revised: 08/08/2013] [Accepted: 08/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Kim KM, Kim NS, Kim J, Park JS, Yi JM, Lee J, Bang OS. Magnolol Suppresses Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor-Induced Angiogenesis by Inhibiting Ras-Dependent Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase and Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase/Akt Signaling Pathways. Nutr Cancer 2013; 65:1245-53. [DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2013.828082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Tsai JR, Chong IW, Chen YH, Hwang JJ, Yin WH, Chen HL, Chou SH, Chiu CC, Liu PL. Magnolol induces apoptosis via caspase-independent pathways in non-small cell lung cancer cells. Arch Pharm Res 2013; 37:548-57. [DOI: 10.1007/s12272-013-0232-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2013] [Accepted: 08/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Li LF, Yang J, Ma SP, Qu R. Magnolol treatment reversed the glial pathology in an unpredictable chronic mild stress-induced rat model of depression. Eur J Pharmacol 2013; 711:42-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2013.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2012] [Revised: 04/04/2013] [Accepted: 04/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Magnolol Inhibits LPS-Induced Inflammatory Response in Uterine Epithelial Cells. Inflammation 2013; 36:997-1003. [DOI: 10.1007/s10753-013-9631-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Youn UJ, Fatima N, Chen QC, Chae S, Hung TM, Min BS. Apoptosis-inducing and Antitumor Activity of Neolignans Isolated fromMagnolia officinalisin HeLa Cancer Cells. Phytother Res 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.4893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ui Joung Youn
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy; University of Hawaii at Hilo; 34 Rainbow Drive; Hilo; HI 96720; USA
| | - Nighat Fatima
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy; University of Hawaii at Hilo; 34 Rainbow Drive; Hilo; HI 96720; USA
| | - Quan Cheng Chen
- Institute for Biomedical Research; Xiamen University; Xiamen; 361005; China
| | - Sungwook Chae
- Creative Research laboratory; Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine; Daejeon; 305-811; Korea
| | - Tran Manh Hung
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy; Duy Tan University; K7/25 Quang Trung; Danang City; Vietnam
| | - Byung-Sun Min
- College of Pharmacy; Catholic University of Daegu; Gyeongbuk; 712-702; Korea
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Huang HC, Hsieh WY, Niu YL, Chang TM. Inhibition of melanogenesis and antioxidant properties of Magnolia grandiflora L. flower extract. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2012; 12:72. [PMID: 22672352 PMCID: PMC3404006 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-12-72] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2012] [Accepted: 06/06/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Background Magnolia grandiflora L. flower is wildly used in Asian as a traditional herbal medication. The purpose of the study was to investigate the antimelanogenic and antioxidant properties of Magnolia grandiflora L. flower extract. In the study, the inhibitory effects of M. grandiflora L. flower extract on mushroom tyrosinase, B16F10 intracellular tyrosinase activity and melanin content were determined spectrophotometrically. Meanwhile, the antioxidative capacity of the flower extract was also investigated. Results Our results revealed that M. grandiflora L. flower extract inhibit mushroom tyrosinase activity (IC50 =11.1%; v/v), the flower extract also effectively suppressed intracellular tyrosinase activity (IC50 = 13.6%; v/v) and decreased the amount of melanin (IC50 = 25.6%; v/v) in a dose-dependent manner in B16F10 cells. Protein expression level of tyrosinase and tyrosinase-related protein 1 (TRP-1) were also decreased by the flower extract. Additionally, antioxidant capacities such as ABTS+ free radical scavenging activity, reducing capacity and total phenolic content of the flower extract were increased in a dose-dependent pattern. Conclusions Our results concluded that M. grandiflora L. flower extract decreased the expression of tyrosinase and TRP-1, and then inhibited melanogenesis in B16F10 cells. The flower extract also show antioxidant capacities and depleted cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS). Hence, M. grandiflora L. flower extract could be applied as a type of dermatological whitening agent in skin care products.
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Li LF, Lu J, Li XM, Xu CL, Deng JM, Qu R, Ma SP. Antidepressant-like Effect of Magnolol on BDNF Up-regulation and Serotonergic System Activity in Unpredictable Chronic Mild Stress Treated Rats. Phytother Res 2012; 26:1189-94. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.3706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2011] [Revised: 06/17/2011] [Accepted: 07/07/2011] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lu-Fan Li
- Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica; China Pharmaceutical University; Nanjing 210009 PR China
| | - Jie Lu
- Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica; China Pharmaceutical University; Nanjing 210009 PR China
| | - Xiu-Min Li
- Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica; China Pharmaceutical University; Nanjing 210009 PR China
| | - Chang-Liang Xu
- Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica; China Pharmaceutical University; Nanjing 210009 PR China
| | - Ji-Min Deng
- Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica; China Pharmaceutical University; Nanjing 210009 PR China
| | - Rong Qu
- Department of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae; Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Nanjing 210029 PR China
| | - Shi-Ping Ma
- Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica; China Pharmaceutical University; Nanjing 210009 PR China
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Chen YH, Huang PH, Lin FY, Chen WC, Chen YL, Yin WH, Man KM, Liu PL. Magnolol: A multifunctional compound isolated from the Chinese medicinal plant Magnolia officinalis. Eur J Integr Med 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eujim.2011.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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20
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Liu X, Han Y, Peng K, Liu Y, Li J, Liu H. Effect of traditional Chinese medicinal herbs on Candida spp. from patients with HIV/AIDS. Adv Dent Res 2011; 23:56-60. [PMID: 21441482 DOI: 10.1177/0022034511399286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
As an opportunistic infection, candidiasis is common among individuals infected with HIV. About 90% of patients develop oral and/or oropharyngeal candidiasis in various stages of AIDS. Triazole antifungal agents, such as fluconazole and itraconazole, are considered to be first-choice agents for treatment and prevention because of their relatively low side effects and high effectiveness on mucosal infections. However, with prolonged exposure to azoles, drug resistance becomes a challenge for clinicians and patients alike. In traditional Chinese medicine, more than 300 herbs have been discovered to have "pesticidal" activities, and some of these have been used as antifungal agents in clinical practice for many years. Crude extracts from a number of medicinal herbs have been shown to exhibit antifungal activities in vitro. These include cortex moutan, cortex pseudolaricis, rhizoma alpiniae officinarum, rhizoma coptidis, clove and cinnamon, anemarrhena cortex phellodendri, ramulus cinnamomi, and Chinese gall. The effective anti-Candida principals were identified to be berberine, palmatine, allincin, pseudolaric acid A and B, magnolol, honokiol, and galangin. Thus, traditional Chinese medicinal herbs provide abundant choices for the treatment of refractory candidiasis commonly seen in HIV/AIDS patients. However, there remains a need for further screening of effective extracts and for study of the antifungal mechanisms involved. Importantly, ahead of clinical application, the safety of these compounds must be firmly established.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Liu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Oral Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, China.
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21
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Taferner B, Schuehly W, Huefner A, Baburin I, Wiesner K, Ecker GF, Hering S. Modulation of GABAA-receptors by honokiol and derivatives: subtype selectivity and structure-activity relationship. J Med Chem 2011; 54:5349-61. [PMID: 21699169 DOI: 10.1021/jm200186n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A series of 31 analogues of the neolignan honokiol (a major constituent of Magnolia officinalis) was synthesized, and their effects on GABA(A) receptors expressed in Xenopus oocytes were investigated. Honokiol enhanced chloride currents (I(GABA)) through GABA(A) receptors of seven different subunit compositions with EC(50) values ranging from 23.4 μM (α(5)β(2)) to 59.6 μM (α(1)β(3)). Honokiol was most efficient on α(3)β(2) (maximal I(GABA) enhancement 2386%) > α(2)β(2) (1130%) > α(1)β(2) (1034%) > α(1)β(1) (260%)). On α(1)β(2)-receptors, N-substituted compounds were most active with 3-acetylamino-4'-O-methylhonokiol (31), enhancing I(GABA) by 2601% (EC(50) (α(1)β(2)) = 3.8 μM). Pharmacophore modeling gave a model with an overall classification accuracy of 91% showing three hydrophobic regions, one acceptor and one donor region. Unlike honokiol, 31 was most efficient on α(2)β(2)- (5204%) > α(3)β(2)- (3671%) > α(1)β(2)-receptors (2601%), suggesting a role of the acetamido group in subunit-dependent receptor modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Taferner
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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22
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Seo JU, Kim MH, Kim HM, Jeong HJ. Anticancer potential of magnolol for lung cancer treatment. Arch Pharm Res 2011; 34:625-33. [DOI: 10.1007/s12272-011-0413-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2010] [Revised: 11/29/2010] [Accepted: 12/29/2010] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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23
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Xu H, Tang W, Du G, Kokudo N. Targeting apoptosis pathways in cancer with magnolol and honokiol, bioactive constituents of the bark of Magnolia officinalis . Drug Discov Ther 2011; 5:202-10. [DOI: 10.5582/ddt.2011.v5.5.202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Huanli Xu
- Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery Division, Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, the University of Tokyo
- National Center for Pharmaceutical Screening, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College
| | - Wei Tang
- Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery Division, Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, the University of Tokyo
| | - Guanhua Du
- National Center for Pharmaceutical Screening, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College
| | - Norihiro Kokudo
- Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery Division, Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, the University of Tokyo
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Park ES, Lim Y, Lee SH, Kwon BM, Yoo HS, Hong JT, Yun YP. Antiplatelet Activity of Obovatol, a Biphenolic Component of Magnolia Obovata, in Rat Arterial Thrombosis and Rabbit Platelet Aggregation. J Atheroscler Thromb 2011; 18:659-69. [DOI: 10.5551/jat.7427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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25
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Mohamed SM, Hassan EM, Ibrahim NA. Cytotoxic and antiviral activities of aporphine alkaloids of Magnolia grandiflora L. Nat Prod Res 2010; 24:1395-402. [PMID: 19764006 DOI: 10.1080/14786410902906959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Bioassay guided fractionation of the methanol extract of Magnolia grandiflora L. (Magnoliaceae) leaves led to the isolation and characterisation of four aporphine alkaloids, magnoflorine, lanuginosine, liriodenine and anonaine. The cytotoxicities of the pure compounds magnoflorine and lanuginosine were determined in a cell viability assay with the tumour cell lines Hela (cervix tumour cell line), HEPG2 (hepatocellular carcinoma cell line) and U251 (brain tumour cell line). Magnoflorine was more cytotoxic (IC(50) 0.4 microg mL(-1)) than lanuginosine (IC(50) 2.5 microg mL(-1)) against HEPG2 in comparison with the standard doxorubacin (IC(50) 0.27 microg mL(-1)). In addition, magnoflorine and lanuginosine exhibited cytotoxicity against U251, with IC(50) of 7 and 4 microg mL(-1), respectively. The two compounds were found to be inactive against the Hela cancer cell. On the other hand, the methanol extract showed high antiviral activity against the herpes simplex virus (HSV-1), 76.7% inhibition at 1.1 microg mL(-1), whereas the extract exhibited a moderate antiviral activity against poliovirus type-1 (47% inhibition at the same concentration). This chemical and biological investigation has not been studied previously.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Mohamed
- Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Department, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt.
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Lee DH, Szczepanski MJ, Lee YJ. Magnolol induces apoptosis via inhibiting the EGFR/PI3K/Akt signaling pathway in human prostate cancer cells. J Cell Biochem 2009; 106:1113-22. [PMID: 19229860 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.22098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
We observed that treatment of prostate cancer cells for 24 h with magnolol, a phenolic component extracted from the root and stem bark of the oriental herb Magnolia officinalis, induced apoptotic cell death in a dose- and time-dependent manner. A sustained inhibition of the major survival signal, Akt, occurred in magnolol-treated cells. Treatment of PC-3 cells with an apoptosis-inducing concentration of magnolol (60 microM) resulted in a rapid decrease in the level of phosphorylated Akt leading to inhibition of its kinase activity. Magnolol treatment (60 microM) also caused a decrease in Ser((136)) phosphorylation of Bad (a proapoptotic protein), which is a downstream target of Akt. Protein interaction assay revealed that Bcl-xL, an anti-apoptotic protein, was associated with Bad during treatment with magnolol. We also observed that during treatment with magnolol, translocation of Bax to the mitochondrial membrane occurred and the translocation was accompanied by cytochrome c release, and cleavage of procaspase-8, -9, -3, and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP). Similar results were observed in human colon cancer HCT116Bax(+/-) cell line, but not HCT116Bax(-/-) cell line. Interestingly, at similar concentrations (60 microM), magnolol treatment did not affect the viability of normal human prostate epithelial cell (PrEC) line. We also observed that apoptotic cell death by magnolol was associated with significant inhibition of pEGFR, pPI3K, and pAkt. These results suggest that one of the mechanisms of the apoptotic activity of magnolol involves its effect on epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-mediated signaling transduction pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dae-Hee Lee
- Department of Surgery and Pharmacology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
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27
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Choi N, Choi G, Min BS, Jang K, Choi Y, Kang M, Park M, Choi J, Bae B, Kim JC. Effects of neolignans from the stem bark ofMagnolia obovataon plant pathogenic fungi. J Appl Microbiol 2009; 106:2057-63. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2009.04175.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Saito J, Fukushima H, Nagase H. Inhibitory effect of magnolol on Trp-P-2-induced DNA damage in various organs in mice. Phytother Res 2009; 23:901-5. [PMID: 19140158 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.2748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Magnolol has been reported to strongly inhibit the mutagenicity induced by indirect mutagens in the Ames test as well as the clastogenicity induced by benzo(a)pyrene (B(a)P) in the mice micronucleus test. Here, we evaluated the inhibitory effect of magnolol on the DNA damage induced by 3-amino-1-methyl-5H-pyrido[4,3-b]indole (Trp-P-2) in various organs using the mice alkaline single cell gel electrophoresis (SCG) assay. Animals were treated with a single oral administration of magnolol (0.01, 0.1, 1, 10, and 100 mg/kg), followed by a single intraperitoneal injection of Trp-P-2 (10 mg/kg). The liver, lung, and kidney were removed at 3 h after treatment and used in SCG assay. The results indicated that magnolol inhibited Trp-P-2-induced DNA damage in various organs. To elucidate the mechanism of this inhibitory effect against Trp-P-2, we investigated the inhibitory effect of magnolol on in vivo CYP1A2 activity using the zoxazolamine paralysis test. Magnolol significantly prolonged zoxazolamine paralysis time and showed an inhibitory effect on in vivo CYP1A2 activity. These results indicate that magnolol has an inhibitory effect on the DNA damage induced by Trp-P-2 in various organs in vivo. This inhibitory mechanism is considered due to in vivo CYP1A2 inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junichiro Saito
- Drug Safety Research Laboratories, Astellas Pharma Inc. 2-1-6, Kashima, Yodogawa-ku, Osaka, 532-8514, Japan.
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29
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Saito J, Fukushima H, Nagase H. Anti-clastogenic Effect of Magnolol-Containing Hange-koboku-to, Dai-joki-to, Goshaku-san, and Magnoliae Cortex on Benzo(a)pyrene-Induced Clastogenicity in Mice. Biol Pharm Bull 2009; 32:1209-14. [DOI: 10.1248/bpb.32.1209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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30
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Zhang B, Maniatis T, Song Y, Zhang W, Zhang X, Li N, Chen J, Wong AW, Roberts A. Evaluation of magnolia bark extract in chromosomal aberration assays. MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2008; 654:133-7. [PMID: 18639484 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2008.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2008] [Revised: 05/16/2008] [Accepted: 05/19/2008] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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31
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Saito J, Shibuya K, Nagase H. Anti-clastogenic effect of magnolol on benzo(a)pyrene-induced clastogenicity in mice. Food Chem Toxicol 2008; 46:694-700. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2007.09.097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2006] [Revised: 08/27/2007] [Accepted: 09/17/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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33
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Li N, Song Y, Zhang W, Wang W, Chen J, Wong AW, Roberts A. Evaluation of the in vitro and in vivo genotoxicity of magnolia bark extract. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2007; 49:154-9. [PMID: 17692444 DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2007.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2007] [Revised: 06/25/2007] [Accepted: 06/26/2007] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Magnolia bark extract (MBE) is an extract of the dried stem, root, or branch bark of magnolia trees that has been used historically in traditional Chinese and Japanese medicines, and more recently as a component of dietary supplements and cosmetic products. To study the genotoxic potential of MBE, a bacterial reverse mutation assay and an in vivo micronucleus test were conducted. Compositional analysis of the test substance revealed that MBE contains 94% magnolol and 1.5% honokiol. MBE exerted no mutagenic activity in various bacterial strains of Salmonella typhimurium and in Escherichia coli WP2 uvrA, either in the absence or presence of metabolic activation at all doses tested. In the micronucleus test, various doses of MBE did not affect the proportions of immature to total erythrocytes, nor did it increase the number of micronuclei in the immature erythrocytes of Swiss albino mice. The results of these studies demonstrate that MBE is not genotoxic under the conditions of the in vitro bacterial reverse mutation assay and the in vivo micronucleus test, and support the safety of MBE for dietary consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Li
- Department of Toxicological Safety Assessment, National Institute for Nutrition and Food Safety, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
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34
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Tse AKW, Wan CK, Zhu GY, Shen XL, Cheung HY, Yang M, Fong WF. Magnolol suppresses NF-kappaB activation and NF-kappaB regulated gene expression through inhibition of IkappaB kinase activation. Mol Immunol 2007; 44:2647-58. [PMID: 17240450 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2006.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2006] [Accepted: 12/10/2006] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The mis-regulation of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kappaB) signal pathway is involved in a variety of inflammatory diseases that leds to the production of inflammatory mediators. Our studies using human U937 promonocytes cells suggested that magnolol, a low molecular weight lignan isolated from the medicinal plant Magnolia officinalis, differentially down-regulated the pharmacologically induced expression of NF-kappaB-regulated inflammatory gene products MMP-9, IL-8, MCP-1, MIP-1alpha, TNF-alpha. Pre-treatment of magnolol blocked TNF-alpha-induced NF-kappaB activation in different cell types as evidenced by EMSA. Magnolol did not directly affect the binding of p65/p50 heterodimer to DNA. Immunoblot analysis demonstrated that magnolol inhibited the TNF-alpha-stimulated phosphorylation and degradation of the cytosolic NF-kappaB inhibitor IkappaBalpha and the effects were dose-dependent. Mechanistically, a non-radioactive IkappaB kinases (IKK) assay using immunoprecipitated IKKs protein demonstrated that magnolol inhibited both intrinsic and TNF-alpha-stimulated IKK activity, thus suggesting a critical role of magnolol in abrogating the phosphorylation and degradation of IkappaBalpha. The involvement of IKK was further verified in a HeLa cell NF-kappaB-dependent luciferase reporter system. In this system magnolol suppressed luciferase expression stimulated by TNF-alpha and by the transient transfection and expression of NIK (NF-kappaB-inducing kinase), wild type IKKbeta, constitutively active IKKalpha and IKKbeta, or the p65 subunit. Magnolol was also found to inhibit the nuclear translocation and phosphorylation of p65 subunit of NF-kappaB. In line with the observation that NF-kappaB activation may up-regulate anti-apoptotic genes, it was shown in U937 cells that magnolol enhanced TNF-alpha-induced apoptotic cell death. Our results suggest that magnolol or its derivatives may have potential anti-inflammatory actions through IKK inactivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anfernee Kai-Wing Tse
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong SAR, China
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35
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Ou HC, Chou FP, Sheu WHH, Hsu SL, Lee WJ. Protective effects of magnolol against oxidized LDL-induced apoptosis in endothelial cells. Arch Toxicol 2007; 81:421-32. [PMID: 17216433 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-006-0172-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2006] [Accepted: 12/04/2006] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Magnolol, a compound extracted from the Chinese medicinal herb Magnolia officinalis, has several biological effects. However, its protective effects against endothelial injury remain unclear. In this study, we examined whether magnolol prevents oxidized low density lipoprotein (oxLDL)-induced vascular endothelial apoptosis. Incubation of oxLDL with magnolol (2.5-20 microM) inhibited copper-induced oxidative modification via diene formation, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) assay and electrophoretic mobility assay. Apoptotic cell death as characterized by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end-labeling (TUNEL) stain. We measured the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by using the fluorescent probe 2',7'-dichlorofluorescein acetoxymethyl ester (DCF-AM), and observed the activity of antioxidant enzymes. Furthermore, several apoptotic signaling pathways which showed NF-kappaB activation, increased cytosolic calcium, alteration of mitochondrial membrane potential, cytochrome c release and activation of caspase 3 were also investigated. We demonstrated that magnolol prevented the copper-induced oxidative modification of LDL. Magnolol attenuated the oxLDL-induced ROS generation and subsequent NF-kappaB activation. Furthermore, intracellular calcium accumulation and subsequent mitochondrial membrane potential collapse, cytochome c release and activation of caspase 3 caused by oxLDL were also inhibited by magnolol. Our results suggest that magnolol may have clinical implications in the prevention of atherosclerotic vascular disease through decreasing the oxLDL-induced ROS production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsiu-Chung Ou
- Department of Education and Medical Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, No. 160, Sec. 3, Taichung-Kang Road, Taichung, 407, Taiwan
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Huang SH, Chen Y, Tung PY, Wu JC, Chen KH, Wu JM, Wang SM. Mechanisms for the magnolol-induced cell death of CGTH W-2 thyroid carcinoma cells. J Cell Biochem 2007; 101:1011-22. [PMID: 17390340 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.21100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Magnolol, a substance purified from the bark of Magnolia officialis, inhibits cell proliferation and induces apoptosis in a variety of cancer cells. The aim of this study was to study the effects of magnolol on CGTH W-2 thyroid carcinoma cells. After 24 h treatment with 80 microM magnolol in serum-containing medium, about 50% of the cells exhibited apoptotic features and 20% necrotic features. Cytochrome-c staining was diffused in the cytoplasm of the apoptotic cells, but restricted to the mitochondria in control cells. Western blot analyses showed an increase in levels of activated caspases (caspase-3 and -7) and of cleaved poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) by magnolol. Concomitantly, immunostaining for apoptosis inducing factor (AIF) showed a time-dependent translocation from the mitochondria to the nucleus. Inhibition of either PARP or caspase activity blocked magnolol-induced apoptosis, supporting the involvement of the caspases and PARP. In addition, magnolol activated phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10 (PTEN) and inactivated Akt by decreasing levels of phosphorylated PTEN and phosphorylated Akt. These data suggest that magnolol promoted apoptosis probably by alleviating the inhibitory effect of Akt on caspase 9. Furthermore, inhibition of PARP activity, but not of caspase activity, completely prevented magnolol-induced necrosis, suggesting the notion that it might be caused by depletion of intracellular ATP levels due to PARP activation. These results show that magnolol initiates apoptosis via the cytochrome-c/caspase 3/PARP/AIF and PTEN/Akt/caspase 9/PARP pathways and necrosis via PARP activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Horng Huang
- Department of Surgery and Division of General Surgery, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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37
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Saito J, Sakai Y, Nagase H. In vitro anti-mutagenic effect of magnolol against direct and indirect mutagens. MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2006; 609:68-73. [PMID: 16884943 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2006.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2005] [Revised: 06/10/2006] [Accepted: 06/16/2006] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Magnolol, a component of the bark of Magnolia obovata, has been reported to possess various biological activities, such as anti-carcinogenicity, anti-promotion activity and anti-oxidative activity. These findings suggest potential for this compound in cancer chemoprevention. Interestingly, there have been no reports to date on the potential anti-mutagenic activity of magnolol, involving inhibition of initiation processes of the primary stage of carcinogenicity. In this study, anti-mutagenic activity of magnolol against mutagenicity induced by direct mutagens [1-nitropyrene (1-NP), N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG) and N-ethyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (ENNG)] and indirect mutagens [2-amino-3-methylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoline (IQ), 2-aminodipyrido[1,2-a:3',2'-d]imidazole (Glu-P-2), benzo(a)pyrene (B(a)P), 2-aminoanthracene (2-AA) and 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA)] were investigated using the bacterial mutagenicity test (Ames test). Results show that magnolol strongly inhibits mutagenicity induced by indirect mutagens, but does not affect direct mutagens. To elucidate the mechanism of this effect against indirect mutagens, effect of magnolol on CYP1A1- and CYP1A2-related enzyme activities of ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD) and methoxyresorufin-O-demethylase (MROD) were investigated. Magnolol strongly and competitively suppressed these enzyme activities, suggesting it inhibited mutation induced by indirect mutagens through suppression of CYP1A1 and CYP1A2 activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junichiro Saito
- Drug Safety Research Laboratories, Astellas Pharma Inc. 1-8, Azusawa 1-chome, Tokyo 174-8511, Japan.
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Jin UH, Lee DY, Kim DS, Lee IS, Kim CH. Induction of mitochondria-mediated apoptosis by methanol fraction of Ulmus davidiana Planch (Ulmaceae) in U87 glioblastoma cells. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2006; 22:136-141. [PMID: 21783700 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2006.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2005] [Revised: 01/25/2006] [Accepted: 01/31/2006] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria play a pivotal role in apoptosis of mammalian cells by releasing apoptogenic proteins such as cytochrome c into the cytoplasm. Mitochondrial membrane permeability during apoptosis is regulated directly by the Bcl-2 family of proteins. In glioma cells, there are no specific features of apoptosis compared with apoptosis in other cell types. Ulmus davidiana Planch (Ulmaceae) is a deciduous tree, which is widely distributed in Korea. The barks of the stem and the root of the plant have been used in oriental traditional medicine for the treatment of oedema, mastitis, gastric cancer, and inflammation. Our results demonstrate that the methanol fraction of the stem bark extracts of Ulmus davidiana Planch induce mitochondria-mediated apoptosis in U87 glioblastoma cells. The methanol fraction exhibited a comparatively higher cytotoxic activity (IC(50)=7.5±0.7μg/ml) in a dose-dependent manner than chloroform, and hexane fractions. The results show the typical ladder profile of oligonucleosomal fragments characteristics of apoptosis and the secreted cytosolic cytochrome c level was increased by treatment of methanol fraction of UD. Moreover, the expressional changes of the Bcl-2 family protein occurred within 30min after treatment with methanol fraction. All results indicate that the methanol fraction of U. davidiana Planch (the barks of the stem) is capable of inducing apoptosis in U87 glioblastoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Un-Ho Jin
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sungkyunkwan University, Chunchun-Dong 300, Jangan-Gu, Suwon City, Kyunggi-Do 440-746, Republic of Korea
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Lee DY, Kim CH, Kim DS. Inhibitory Effect of Methanol Extract of Magnolia officinalis on Matrix Metalloproteinase-2. Prev Nutr Food Sci 2006. [DOI: 10.3746/jfn.2006.11.3.191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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40
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Patočka J, Jakl J, Strunecká A. Expectations of biologically active compounds of the genus Magnolia in biomedicine. J Appl Biomed 2006. [DOI: 10.32725/jab.2006.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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Kong ZL, Tzeng SC, Liu YC. Cytotoxic neolignans: an SAR study. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2005; 15:163-6. [PMID: 15582432 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2004.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2004] [Revised: 10/01/2004] [Accepted: 10/05/2004] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The neolignans, magnolol 1 and honokiol 2 have been reported to inhibit the growth of several tumor cell lines in vitro and in vivo. The chemical structure of magnolol and honokiol consists of biphenyl skeleton with phenolic and allylic functionalities. Analogs of 1 and 2 containing different substitution have been studies for their effect on the growth of Hep-G2 and their structure-activity relationships were reported in this work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zwe-Ling Kong
- Food Science Department, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan, ROC
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Tzeng SC, Liu YC. Peroxidase-catalyzed synthesis of neolignan and its anti-inflammatory activity. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2004.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Park J, Lee J, Jung E, Park Y, Kim K, Park B, Jung K, Park E, Kim J, Park D. In vitro antibacterial and anti-inflammatory effects of honokiol and magnolol against Propionibacterium sp. Eur J Pharmacol 2004; 496:189-95. [PMID: 15288590 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2004.05.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2003] [Accepted: 05/19/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Honokiol and magnolol, two major phenolic constituents of Magnolia sp., have been known to exhibit antibacterial activities. However, until now, their antibacterial activity against Propionibacterium sp. has not been reported. To this end, the antibacterial activities of honokiol and magnolol were detected using the disk diffusion method and a two-fold serial dilution assay. Honokiol and magnolol showed strong antibacterial activities against both Propionibacterium acnes and Propionibacterium granulosum, which are acne-causing bacteria. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of honokiol and magnolol was 3-4 microg/ml (11.3-15 microM) and 9 microg/ml (33.8 microM), respectively. In addition, the killing curve analysis showed that magnolol and honokiol killed P. acnes rapidly, with 10(5) organisms/ml eliminated within 10 min of treatment with either 45 microg (169.2 microM) of magnolol or 20 microg (75.2 microM) of honokiol per ml. The cytotoxic effect of honokiol and magnolol was determined by a colorimetric (3-(4,5-dimetyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide) (MTT) assay using two animal cell lines, human normal fibroblasts and HaCaT. In this experiment, magnolol exhibited lower cytotoxic effects than honokiol at the same concentration, but they showed similar cytotoxicity when triclosan was employed as an acne-mitigating agent. In addition, they reduced secretion of interleukin-8 and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) induced by P. acnes in THP-1 cells indicating the anti-inflammatory effects of them. When applied topically, neither phenolic compound induced any adverse reactions in a human skin primary irritation test. Therefore, based on these results, we suggest the possibility that magnolol and honokiol may be considered as attractive acne-mitigating candidates for topical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junho Park
- Biospectrum Life Science Institute, Doosan Building, 39-3 Sungbok-dong, Yongin, 449-840 Kyunggi-do, South Korea
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