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Račić A, Krajišnik D. Biopolymers in Mucoadhesive Eye Drops for Treatment of Dry Eye and Allergic Conditions: Application and Perspectives. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15020470. [PMID: 36839790 PMCID: PMC9962975 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15020470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2022] [Revised: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Dry eye syndrome and allergic conjunctivitis are the most common inflammatory disorders of the eye surface. Although eye drops are the most usual prescribed dosage form, they are characterized by low ocular availability due to numerous barrier mechanisms of the eye. The use of biopolymers in liquid ophthalmic preparations has numerous advantages, such as increasing the viscosity of the tear film, exhibiting bioadhesive properties, and resisting the drainage system, leading to prolonged retention of the preparation at the site of application, and improvement of the therapeutic effect. Some mucoadhesive polymers are multifunctional excipients, so they act by different mechanisms on increasing the permeability of the cornea. Additionally, many hydrophilic biopolymers can also represent the active substances in artificial tear preparations, due to their lubrication and moisturizing effect. With the modification of conventional ophthalmic preparations, there is a need for development of new methods for their characterization. Numerous methods for the assessment of mucoadhesiveness have been suggested by the literature. This review gives an overview related to the development of mucoadhesive liquid ophthalmic formulations for the treatment of dry eye and allergic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anđelka Račić
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Banja Luka-Faculty of Medicine, Save Mrkalja 14, 78000 Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Danina Krajišnik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Cosmetology, University of Belgrade-Faculty of Pharmacy, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11221 Belgrade, Serbia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +381-11-395-1359
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Wang S, Liu L, Blanco T, Ge H, Xia Y, Pang K, Chen Y, Dana R. Therapeutic efficacy of topical blockade of substance P in experimental allergic red eye. Ocul Surf 2022; 26:184-190. [PMID: 36067981 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtos.2022.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Allergic conjunctivitis is the most common cause leading to ocular redness (OR). Herein, using an animal model of allergic OR, we evaluated the therapeutic efficacy of topical blockade of substance P (SP) in treating red eye. METHODS Allergic OR was induced in guinea pigs with topical histamine. Ocular SP was blocked using a specific SP receptor (neurokinin-1 receptor, NK1R) antagonist, L-703,606, via topical application 10 min before or 10 min after histamine instillation. Animal eyes were examined and a series of images were taken for up to 60 min post-OR induction. The severity of redness was analyzed using the quantitative ocular redness index (ORI). At the end of clinical examination, conjunctival tissues were collected for histological examination of conjunctival blood vessels and infiltrating eosinophils and neutrophils. In addition, SP concentration was quantified in the tear fluid and expression levels of inflammatory cytokines were assessed in the conjunctival tissues. RESULTS Topical histamine application successfully induced red eye, evidenced by the significantly increased ORI during the observation period, with peak values at 10 min, along with significantly increased levels of SP in the tears. Topical treatment with L-703,606, either before histamine application or at the time of peak ORI, effectively reduced ORI and suppressed conjunctival blood vessel dilation, along with decreased eosinophil and neutrophil infiltration, and inflammatory cytokine expression in the conjunctiva, as well as reduced SP levels in the tears. CONCLUSIONS Topical blockade of SP effectively prevents and treats allergy-related ocular redness by suppressing blood vessel dilation and allergic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shudan Wang
- Schepens Eye Research Institute of Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Lingjia Liu
- Schepens Eye Research Institute of Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Tomas Blanco
- Schepens Eye Research Institute of Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Hongyan Ge
- Schepens Eye Research Institute of Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Yutong Xia
- Schepens Eye Research Institute of Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Kunpeng Pang
- Schepens Eye Research Institute of Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Yihe Chen
- Schepens Eye Research Institute of Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Reza Dana
- Schepens Eye Research Institute of Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.
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Mochizuki H, Suyama S, Cha JY, Ho PS, Shimoi A. Optimization of a histamine-induced allergic conjunctivitis model in Guinea pigs. J Pharmacol Toxicol Methods 2021; 113:107133. [PMID: 34798284 DOI: 10.1016/j.vascn.2021.107133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Allergic conjunctivitis is one of the most common immune diseases in the field of ophthalmology. The number of patients suffering from allergic conjunctivitis has been increasing, and there is still a strong need for development of therapeutic agents for this disease. In drug development, the utmost important point to improve the success probability is to accurately single out good compounds in the early stage of drug development. Therefore, drug efficacy evaluations in the nonclinical stage should be conducted with high reliability and accuracy. However, there are no literatures investigating the preparation and evaluation methods of animal models of conjunctivitis in details nor the standardized criteria. In this study, we verified the reproducibility of an animal model in the previous report and made improvements in test methods focusing on a guinea pig model of histamine-induced allergic conjunctivitis. Furthermore, the drug efficacy evaluation was conducted using a commercially available antihistamine drug, levocabastine hydrochloride, to judge the suitability of the improved model. As a result, the dose level of histamine needed to be increased to use the existing model for drug efficacy evaluation, but allergic-like symptoms were induced very easily and stably in this model. For observations of symptoms of conjunctivitis, we eliminated ambiguity of evaluation by adopting the Draize scale and ensured a higher objectivity on the evaluation method. The drug efficacy evaluation of levocabastine hydrochloride in the prepared model revealed that drug efficacy of the antihistamine drug was captured according to the standardized test method and highly-reproducible results were obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidemi Mochizuki
- Ina Research Inc., 2148-188 Nishiminowa, Ina, Nagano 399-4501, Japan.
| | - Susumu Suyama
- Ina Research Inc., 2148-188 Nishiminowa, Ina, Nagano 399-4501, Japan.
| | - Joo Young Cha
- JW Pharmaceutical Corporation, 2477, Nambusunhwan-ro, Seocho-gu, Seoul 137-864, Republic of Korea.
| | - Pil-Su Ho
- JW Pharmaceutical Corporation, 2477, Nambusunhwan-ro, Seocho-gu, Seoul 137-864, Republic of Korea.
| | - Akihito Shimoi
- Ina Research Inc., 2148-188 Nishiminowa, Ina, Nagano 399-4501, Japan.
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Tummanapalli SS, Kuppusamy R, Yeo JH, Kumar N, New EJ, Willcox MDP. The role of nitric oxide in ocular surface physiology and pathophysiology. Ocul Surf 2021; 21:37-51. [PMID: 33940170 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtos.2021.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) has a wide array of biological functions including the regulation of vascular tone, neurotransmission, immunomodulation, stimulation of proinflammatory cytokine expression and antimicrobial action. These functions may depend on the type of isoform that is responsible for the synthesis of NO. NO is found in various ocular tissues playing a pivotal role in physiological mechanisms, namely regulating vascular tone in the uvea, retinal blood circulation, aqueous humor dynamics, neurotransmission and phototransduction in retinal layers. Unregulated production of NO in ocular tissues may result in production of toxic superoxide free radicals that participate in ocular diseases such as endotoxin-induced uveitis, ischemic proliferative retinopathy and neurotoxicity of optic nerve head in glaucoma. However, the role of NO on the ocular surface in mediating physiology and pathophysiological processes is not fully understood. Moreover, methods used to measure levels of NO in the biological samples of the ocular surface are not well established due to its rapid oxidation. The purpose of this review is to highlight the role of NO in the physiology and pathophysiology of ocular surface and propose suitable techniques to measure NO levels in ocular surface tissues and tears. This will improve the understanding of NO's role in ocular surface biology and the development of new NO-based therapies to treat various ocular surface diseases. Further, this review summarizes the biochemistry underpinning NO's antimicrobial action.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rajesh Kuppusamy
- School of Optometry & Vision Science, University of New South Wales, Australia; School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jia Hao Yeo
- The University of Sydney, School of Chemistry, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Naresh Kumar
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Australia
| | - Elizabeth J New
- The University of Sydney, School of Chemistry, NSW, 2006, Australia; The University of Sydney Nano Institute (Sydney Nano), The University of Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Mark D P Willcox
- School of Optometry & Vision Science, University of New South Wales, Australia
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5
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Gomes P, Slocum C, Smith LM, Abelson MB. Challenges faced in clinical trials for chronic allergic conjunctivitis. EXPERT REVIEW OF OPHTHALMOLOGY 2015. [DOI: 10.1586/17469899.2015.1081563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Nabe T, Kijitani Y, Kitagawa Y, Sakano E, Ueno T, Fujii M, Nakao S, Sakai M, Takai S. Involvement of chymase in allergic conjunctivitis of guinea pigs. Exp Eye Res 2013; 113:74-9. [PMID: 23726880 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2013.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2013] [Revised: 05/15/2013] [Accepted: 05/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
It has been reported that chymase activity was increased in allergic conjunctivitis patients and this activity was correlated with the severity of the disease. However, the precise roles of chymase in allergic conjunctivitis are unclear, and whether chymase inhibitors are effective for allergic conjunctivitis has not been reported even in experimental animal models. In this study, the roles of chymase in the pathogenesis were evaluated using a selective chymase inhibitor, ONO-WH-236, in a guinea pig model of allergic conjunctivitis induced by cedar pollen. Sensitized guinea pigs were challenged by the pollen, followed by assessing redness and edema in the conjuntiva, and counting the frequency of eye scratching as an itch-associated response. Treatment with the ONO-WH-236 (40 and 80 mg/kg, p.o.) dose-dependently inhibited the induction of redness, edema and scratching behavior. An anti-histaminic drug, ketotifen (3 mg/kg, p.o.), also significantly inhibited conjunctivitis symptoms. Chymase activity was increased in ophthalmic lavage fluid immediately after the pollen challenge. The increase in chymase activity was inhibited by in vivo treatment with ONO-WH-236. Interestingly, increased histamine in the ophthalmic lavage fluid immediately after the challenge was also inhibited by the chymase inhibitor. Administration of human recombinant chymase by eye dropping (0.09 and 0.9 μg/eye) dose-dependently induced scratching behavior, which was inhibited by not only ONO-WH-236 but also ketotifen; however, chymase administration induced only weak redness in the conjunctiva, which was resistant to treatment with anti-histaminic drugs. In conclusion, it was suggested that chymase was released from mast cells after antigen challenge, followed by the induction of conjunctivitis symptoms through histamine release from mast cells. Thus, chymase could be a potential target for pharmacotherapy for allergic conjunctivitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Nabe
- Department of Pharmacology, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, 5 Nakauchi, Misasagi, Yamashina, Kyoto 607-8414, Japan.
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Andoh T, Sakai K, Urashima M, Kitazawa K, Honma A, Kuraishi Y. Involvement of leukotriene B4 in itching in a mouse model of ocular allergy. Exp Eye Res 2012; 98:97-103. [PMID: 22504036 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2012.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2012] [Revised: 03/24/2012] [Accepted: 03/29/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Itching of ocular allergy is alleviated but not completely relieved by H(1) histamine receptor antagonists, suggesting that histamine is not the sole itch mediator in ocular allergy. We investigated whether leukotriene B(4) (LTB(4)), a mediator of cutaneous itch, is involved in the itch of ocular allergy in mice. Mice were immunized by the repeated subcutaneous injections of ragweed pollen and alum into the caudal back, and given a subconjunctival injection of ragweed pollen extract into the palpebra for allergic challenge. Challenge with ragweed pollen extract markedly elicited ocular scratching in sensitized mice. The scratching was almost abolished by mast cell deficiency. The H(1) antagonist terfenadine partially inhibited scratching at a dose that almost completely suppressed plasma extravasation. Scratching was inhibited by the glucocorticoid betamethasone and the 5-lipoxygenase inhibitor zileuton at doses that inhibited the challenge-induced production of LTB(4). A subconjunctival injection of LTB(4) at doses 1/10,000 or less than that required for histamine elicited ocular scratching in naïve mice. The LTB(4) receptor antagonist ONO-4057 inhibited the ragweed pollen challenge-induced ocular scratching at doses that suppressed LTB(4)-induced ocular scratching. In addition to histamine, LTB(4) is involved in the ocular itching of pollen allergy. H(1) receptor antagonists with an inhibitory effect on the action and/or production of LTB(4) may have more potent anti-pruritic activity than selective H(1) antagonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsugunobu Andoh
- Department of Applied Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
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Stebbins KJ, Broadhead AR, Musiyenko A, Barik S, Scott JM, Truong YP, Stearns BA, Hutchinson JH, Prasit P, Evans JF, Lorrain DS. DP2 (CRTh2) antagonism reduces ocular inflammation induced by allergen challenge and respiratory syncytial virus. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2011; 157:259-68. [PMID: 22042170 DOI: 10.1159/000328769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2010] [Accepted: 04/20/2011] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Allergic conjunctivitis is characterized by itchy, watery and swollen eyes which occur in response to exposure to seasonal or environmental allergens. The early phase reaction of allergic conjunctivitis is primarily mediated by mast cell degranulation while the late phase reaction is driven by Th2 cells and eosinophils. Prostaglandin D(2) (PGD(2)), released from mast cells, is present in allergic conjunctival tears and may elicit classical allergic responses via interaction with the high-affinity DP2 receptor (chemoattractant receptor-homologous molecule expressed on Th2 cells, CRTh2). Furthermore, antagonism of this receptor is well known to inhibit eosinophil chemotaxis, basophil activation and Th2 cytokine production. PGD(2), therefore, may be involved in both early and late phase reactions in response to allergen challenge. METHODS Thus, we explored whether our novel and selective DP2 antagonist AM156 would be efficacious in animal models of allergic conjunctivitis. Furthermore, as respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) has been implicated in the pathogenesis of allergic conjunctivitis, we examined the effects of DP2 antagonism in a murine model of RSV ocular infection. RESULTS Utilizing a guinea pig ovalbumin model and a murine ragweed model we demonstrated that AM156 reduces redness, discharge and swelling in response to allergen challenge. These effects were equal to or greater than those of current clinical treatment options for allergic conjunctivitis including topical corticosteroids and a dual-mechanism antihistamine and decongestant. AM156 significantly reduced RSV-induced ocular inflammation and IL-4 production. CONCLUSION These results suggest that a topical DP2 antagonist such as AM156 may represent a novel therapeutic for allergic conjunctivitis.
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Inhibition of hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase improves allergic nasal blockage in guinea pigs. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2011; 95:27-34. [PMID: 21601002 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2011.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2010] [Revised: 04/06/2011] [Accepted: 05/03/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Although it has been suggested that prostaglandin (PG) D(2) is involved in the pathogenesis of allergic rhinitis, whether the inhibition of hematopoietic PGD(2) synthase (H-PGDS) shows beneficial effects on allergic rhinitis has been unclear. We evaluated the effects of a selective H-PGDS inhibitor, TFC-007, on nasal symptoms on Japanese cedar pollen-induced allergic rhinitis of guinea pigs. Sensitized animals were challenged with the pollen once a week. TFC-007 (30mg/kg, p.o.) given once before a challenge almost completely suppressed PGD(2) production in the nasal tissue early and late after the challenge. Although pre-treatment did not affect the incidences of sneezing and early phase nasal blockage, late phase nasal blockage was partially but significantly attenuated; however, nasal eosinophilia was not suppressed. In contrast, when TFC-007 was given once 1.5h after the challenge, the late phase response was not affected. Collectively, PGD(2) produced by H-PGDS early after an antigen challenge can participate in the induction of late phase nasal blockage, although the mechanism may be independent of eosinophil infilatration. The strategy for H-PGDS inhibition may be beneficial for allergic rhinitis therapy.
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Tsuji F, Aono H, Tsuboi T, Murakami T, Enomoto H, Mizutani K, Inagaki N. Role of Leukotriene B4 in 5-Lipoxygenase Metabolite- and Allergy-Induced Itch-Associated Responses in Mice. Biol Pharm Bull 2010; 33:1050-3. [DOI: 10.1248/bpb.33.1050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fumio Tsuji
- Research and Development Center, Santen Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd
- United Graduate School of Drug Discovery and Medical Information Sciences, Gifu University
| | - Hiroyuki Aono
- Research and Development Center, Santen Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd
| | - Takashi Tsuboi
- Research and Development Center, Santen Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd
| | | | - Hiroshi Enomoto
- Research and Development Center, Santen Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd
| | - Keiko Mizutani
- Research and Development Center, Santen Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd
| | - Naoki Inagaki
- United Graduate School of Drug Discovery and Medical Information Sciences, Gifu University
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Bioactive Molecules, Gifu Pharmaceutical University
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Shii D, Oda T, Shinomiya K, Katsuta O, Nakamura M. Cyclosporine A Eye Drops Inhibit the Early-Phase Reaction in a Type-I Allergic Conjunctivitis Model in Mice. J Ocul Pharmacol Ther 2009; 25:321-8. [DOI: 10.1089/jop.2009.0009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Shii
- Research and Development Center, Santen Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Ikoma-shi, Nara, Japan
| | - Tomoko Oda
- Research and Development Center, Santen Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Ikoma-shi, Nara, Japan
| | - Katsuhiko Shinomiya
- Research and Development Center, Santen Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Ikoma-shi, Nara, Japan
| | - Osamu Katsuta
- Research and Development Center, Santen Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Ikoma-shi, Nara, Japan
| | - Masatsugu Nakamura
- Research and Development Center, Santen Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Ikoma-shi, Nara, Japan
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12
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Nabe T, Kubota K, Mizutani N, Fujii M, Terada T, Takenaka H, Kohno S. Effect of local nasal immunotherapy on nasal blockage in pollen-induced allergic rhinitis of Guinea pigs. Allergol Int 2008; 57:419-27. [PMID: 18946238 DOI: 10.2332/allergolint.08-oa-0013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2008] [Accepted: 06/27/2008] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND As a non-injection route for immunotherapy, local nasal immunotherapy has been examined in allergic rhinitis patients. However, it is unclear how the immunotherapy affects sneezing, biphasic nasal blockage and nasal hyperresponsiveness. Thus, we evaluated the therapeutic effects of nasal immunotherapy on the symptoms of guinea pig allergic rhinitis. Additionally, we also evaluated whether the immunotherapy relieved pollen-induced allergic conjunctivitis. METHODS Sensitized animals were repeatedly challenged by pollen inhalation once every week. After the 7th challenge, the pollen extract was intranasally administered 6 times a week until the 30th challenge. Sneezing frequency was counted after each of the challenges. As an indicator of nasal blockage, changes in specific airway resistance were measured. Nasal hyperresponsiveness was assessed by measuring leukotriene D(4)-induced nasal blockage. Additionally, during the immunotherapy, we applied pollen onto the ocular surface to induce the allergic conjunctivitis symptoms. RESULTS At the 11th-30th challenges, the nasal immunotherapy showed inhibition or a tendency to inhibit the biphasic nasal blockage although the inhibitions were variable at respective challenges. The development of nasal hyperresponsiveness was markedly suppressed by the immunotherapy. Nevertheless, neither sneezing nor antigen-specific IgE antibody production was substantially influenced by the immunotherapy. On the other hand, the nasal immunotherapy did not affect the induction of allergic conjunctivitis symptoms. CONCLUSIONS Local nasal immunotherapy may be clinically useful for allergic nasal blockage associated with nasal hyperresponsiveness. The mechanisms responsible for this effectiveness might not be related to IgE production. Additionally, the effectiveness for nasal tissue was dissociated from that seen for the ocular tissue.
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MESH Headings
- Administration, Intranasal
- Allergens/immunology
- Animals
- Antibody Formation
- Antigens, Plant/immunology
- Conjunctivitis, Allergic/complications
- Conjunctivitis, Allergic/immunology
- Conjunctivitis, Allergic/therapy
- Cryptomeria
- Desensitization, Immunologic
- Disease Models, Animal
- Epitopes
- Guinea Pigs
- Immunization, Secondary
- Immunoglobulin E/blood
- Male
- Nasal Obstruction/complications
- Nasal Obstruction/immunology
- Nasal Obstruction/therapy
- Plant Proteins/immunology
- Pollen/immunology
- Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal/complications
- Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal/immunology
- Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal/therapy
- Sneezing
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Nabe
- Department of Pharmacology, Division of Pathological Sciences, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Kyoto, Japan.
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13
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Nagata T, Nabe T, Fujii M, Mizutani N, Kohno S. Effects of multiple dexamethasone treatments on aggravation of allergic conjunctivitis associated with mast cell hyperplasia. Biol Pharm Bull 2008; 31:464-8. [PMID: 18310911 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.31.464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In a Japanese cedar pollen-induced allergic conjunctivitis model in guinea pigs, symptoms were aggravated by repeated pollen challenges. In addition, the number of mast cells in the conjunctiva was increased by multiple challenges. The amount of a mast cell mediator, histamine in ophthalmic lavage fluid was also increased by multiple challenges. In the present study, we evaluated the effects of multiple dexamethasone treatments to assess the relationship between the aggravation of symptoms and mast cell hyperplasia. Sensitized guinea pigs were challenged by dropping a pollen suspension onto their eye surface once a week until the 15th challenge. Dexamethasone (10 mg/kg, p.o.) was administered once 3 h before the 15th challenge or 3 h before every 1st--15th challenge. Mast cells in the conjunctival tissue were detected by toluidine blue staining. Histamine was fluorometrically assayed by high-performance liquid chromatography. Serum Cry j 1-specific IgE titer was measured by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The results indicated that a single treatment with dexamethasone did not affect the 15th challenge-induced symptoms; however, multiple treatments with the corticosteroid suppressed not only conjunctivitis symptoms after every challenge but also the mast cell hyperplasia and the increase in histamine in the lavage fluid. Conversely, the increase in the IgE titer in the serum was not affected by multiple treatments with dexamethasone. In conclusion, increased numbers of mast cells in the conjunctival tissue may be associated with the aggravation of allergic conjunctivitis symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Nagata
- Department of Pharmacology, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto 607-8414, Japan
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14
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Fukushima A, Shii D, Sumi T, Kageyama T, Ueno H. Cryptomeria japonica-Induced Allergic Conjunctivitis in Mice. Biol Pharm Bull 2007; 30:1745-7. [PMID: 17827732 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.30.1745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Japanese cedar pollen (Cryptomeria japonica, Cry j) is the most common allergen causing pollinosis in Japan. However, short ragweed pollen is used commonly as the antigen for experimentally-induced allergic conjunctivitis (EC) and Cry j-induced EC in mice has not been published. We actively immunized BALB/c mice with Cry j, and then performed a challenge with eye drops containing Cry j. We evaluated the early phase and late phase reactions in the conjunctiva, using Evans blue dye leakage and eosinophil infiltration, respectively. Significant inhibition of the early phase reaction was observed following pre-challenge with eye drops that block histamine H1 receptor in the conjunctiva. Thus, Cry j-induced EC appears to represent a suitable model for the study of pollinosis in Japan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsuki Fukushima
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Kochi Medical School, Kohasu, Oko-cho, Nankoku 783-8505, Japan. fukusima@ kochi-u.ac.jp
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