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Kim I, Woo H, Chhetri G, Park S, Seo T. A novel exopolysaccharide-producing bacterium, Pseudescherichia liriopis sp. nov. isolated from Liriope platyphylla, enhances the growth of Daucus carota subsp. sativus under drought and salinity stress. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1417639. [PMID: 39081520 PMCID: PMC11286387 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1417639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
Biological and abiotic stresses in plant growth are associated with reduced crop yields. Therefore, improving plant stress resistance can be a crucial strategy to improve crop production. To overcome these problems, plant growth-promoting bacteria are emphasized as one of the alternative tools for sustainable agriculture. This study found a novel strain (L3T) of a plant growth-promoting bacterium in fermented Liriope platyphylla fruit. Strain L3T showed the ability to promote plant growth. The L3T strain promoted plant growth of D. carota subsp. sativus, increasing the length (increase rate compared to the control group, 36.98%), diameter (47.06%), and weight of carrots (81.5%), ultimately increasing the edible area. In addition, we confirmed that plant growth was improved even in situations that inhibited plant growth, such as salinity and drought stress. Strain L3T performed indole production, siderophore production, phosphate solubilization, and nitrogen fixation, all characteristics of a strain that promotes plant growth. Genome analysis revealed genes involved in the growth promotion effects of strain L3T. Additionally, the properties of exopolysaccharides were identified and characterized using FTIR, TGA, and UHPLC. Our results demonstrated that L3 isolated from fermented L. platyphylla fruit can be used to simultaneously alleviate drought and NaCl stress.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Taegun Seo
- Department of Life Science, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyang, Republic of Korea
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Le TNH, Choi HJ, Jun HS. Ethanol Extract of Liriope platyphylla Root Attenuates Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in High-Fat Diet-Induced Obese Mice via Regulation of Lipogenesis and Lipid Uptake. Nutrients 2021; 13:3338. [PMID: 34684339 PMCID: PMC8538311 DOI: 10.3390/nu13103338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 09/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a common metabolic disorder that causes excess lipid accumulation in the liver and is the leading cause of end-stage liver disease. Liriope platyphylla is a medicinal herb that has long been used to treat cough, obesity, and diabetes. However, the effect of Liriope platyphylla on NAFLD has not been studied. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of Liriope platyphylla root ethanolic extract (LPE) on hepatic lipid accumulation in high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obese mice. Six-week-old C57BL/6 male mice were fed a HFD for 8 weeks and then treated with LPE (100 or 250 mg/kg/day) by oral gavage for another 8 weeks. Body weight gain and liver weight were significantly lower in the 250 mg/kg LPE-treated HFD group than in the vehicle-treated HFD group. Histological analysis of liver sections demonstrated that LPE treatment reduced lipid accumulation compared to the vehicle treatment. The serum total cholesterol, AST, and ALT levels significantly decreased in the LPE-treated HFD group compared to those in the vehicle-treated HFD group. The LPE significantly decreases the protein expression levels of SREBP1, ACC, p-ACC, FAS, and SCD1, which are involved in lipogenesis, and PPARγ, CD36/FAT, and FATP5, which are involved in fatty acid uptake, both in vivo and in vitro. Thus, LPE may attenuate HFD-induced NAFLD by decreasing lipid accumulation by inhibiting lipogenesis and fatty acid uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trang Nu Huyen Le
- Gachon Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, 191 Hambakmoe-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 21936, Korea; (T.N.H.L.); (H.-J.C.)
| | - Ho-Jung Choi
- Gachon Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, 191 Hambakmoe-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 21936, Korea; (T.N.H.L.); (H.-J.C.)
- Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, 155 Gaetbeol-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 21999, Korea
| | - Hee-Sook Jun
- Gachon Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, 191 Hambakmoe-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 21936, Korea; (T.N.H.L.); (H.-J.C.)
- Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, 155 Gaetbeol-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 21999, Korea
- Gachon Medical Research Institute, Gil Hospital, 21 Namdong-daero 774beon-gil, Namdong-gu, Incheon 21565, Korea
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Uddin MS, Mamun AA, Rahman MM, Jeandet P, Alexiou A, Behl T, Sarwar MS, Sobarzo-Sánchez E, Ashraf GM, Sayed AA, Albadrani GM, Peluso I, Abdel-Daim MM. Natural Products for Neurodegeneration: Regulating Neurotrophic Signals. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:8820406. [PMID: 34239696 PMCID: PMC8241508 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8820406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative disorders (NDs) are heterogeneous groups of ailments typically characterized by progressive damage of the nervous system. Several drugs are used to treat NDs but they have only symptomatic benefits with various side effects. Numerous researches have been performed to prove the advantages of phytochemicals for the treatment of NDs. Furthermore, phytochemicals such as polyphenols might play a pivotal role in rescue from neurodegeneration due to their various effects as anti-inflammatory, antioxidative, and antiamyloidogenic agents by controlling apoptotic factors, neurotrophic factors (NTFs), free radical scavenging system, and mitochondrial stress. On the other hand, neurotrophins (NTs) including nerve growth factor (NGF), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), NT4/5, and NT3 might have a crucial neuroprotective role, and their diminution triggers the development of the NDs. Polyphenols can interfere directly with intracellular signaling molecules to alter brain activity. Several natural products also improve the biosynthesis of endogenous genes encoding antiapoptotic Bcl-2 as well as NTFs such as glial cell and brain-derived NTFs. Various epidemiological studies have demonstrated that the initiation of these genes could play an essential role in the neuroprotective function of dietary compounds. Hence, targeting NTs might represent a promising approach for the management of NDs. In this review, we focus on the natural product-mediated neurotrophic signal-modulating cascades, which are involved in the neuroprotective effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Sahab Uddin
- Department of Pharmacy, Southeast University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- Pharmakon Neuroscience Research Network, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Abdullah Al Mamun
- Teaching and Research Division, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, 7 Baptist University Road, Kowloon Tong, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Md Motiar Rahman
- Laboratory of Clinical Biochemistry and Nutritional Sciences (LCBNS), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi 6205, Bangladesh
| | - Philippe Jeandet
- Research Unit, Induced Resistance and Plant Bioprotection, USC INRAe 1488, SFR Condorcet FR CNRS 3417, Faculty of Sciences, University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne, P.O. Box 1039, CEDEX 2, 51687 Reims, France
| | - Athanasios Alexiou
- Novel Global Community Educational Foundation, 2770 Hebersham, Australia
- AFNP Med Austria, 1010 Wien, Austria
| | - Tapan Behl
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Md Shahid Sarwar
- Department of Pharmacy, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Sonapur, Noakhali 3814, Bangladesh
| | - Eduardo Sobarzo-Sánchez
- Instituto de Investigación y Postgrado, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Central de Chile, 8330507 Santiago, Chile
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Ghulam Md Ashraf
- Pre-Clinical Research Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amany A. Sayed
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt
| | - Ghadeer M. Albadrani
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11474, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ilaria Peluso
- Research Centre for Food and Nutrition, Council for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA-AN), 00142 Rome, Italy
| | - Mohamed M. Abdel-Daim
- Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
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Topical Application of Liriope platyphylla Extract Attenuates Dry Eye Syndrome Induced by Particulate Matter. J Ophthalmol 2019; 2019:1429548. [PMID: 31915539 PMCID: PMC6931024 DOI: 10.1155/2019/1429548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Particulate matter (PM) is a type of air pollutant that poses a risk to human health. In the ocular system, PM causes or aggravates dry eye syndrome (DES) by damaging the corneal and conjunctival epithelia. Liriope platyphylla has been used traditionally as an expectorant, antitussive agent, and tonic in Korea. However, the effects of Liriope platyphylla extract (LPE) on PM-induced ocular damage have not been elucidated. In this study, we evaluated the in vivo protective effect of LPE against PM-induced DES in rats. Topical administration of LPE attenuated the PM-induced decrease in tear volume and reduced corneal epithelial irregularity and damage. LPE also protected against PM-induced disruption of the corneal mucin-4 layer and reduction in the conjunctival goblet cell density. These findings suggest that LPE has protective effects against PM-induced DES.
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Chung IM, Hemapriya V, Kim SH, Ponnusamy K, Arunadevi N, Chitra S, Prabakaran M, Gopiraman M. Liriope platyphylla extract as a green inhibitor for mild steel corrosion in sulfuric acid medium. CHEM ENG COMMUN 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/00986445.2019.1692001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ill-Min Chung
- Department of Crop Science, College of Sanghr Life Science, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Venkatesan Hemapriya
- Department of Chemistry, PSGR Krishnammal College for Women, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Seung-Hyun Kim
- Department of Crop Science, College of Sanghr Life Science, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kanchana Ponnusamy
- Department of Chemistry, PSGR Krishnammal College for Women, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Natarajan Arunadevi
- Department of Chemistry, PSGR Krishnammal College for Women, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Subramanian Chitra
- Department of Chemistry, PSGR Krishnammal College for Women, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Mayakrishnan Prabakaran
- Department of Crop Science, College of Sanghr Life Science, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Mayakrishnan Gopiraman
- Department of Crop Science, College of Sanghr Life Science, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
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Park CH, Morgan AMA, Park BB, Lee SY, Lee S, Kim JK, Park SU. Metabolic Analysis of Four Cultivars of Liriope platyphylla. Metabolites 2019; 9:E59. [PMID: 30917595 PMCID: PMC6468586 DOI: 10.3390/metabo9030059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Revised: 03/23/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Liriope platyphylla (Liliaceae), a medical plant distributed mainly in China, Taiwan, and Korea, has been used traditionally for the treatment of cough, sputum, asthma, and neurodegenerative diseases. The present study involved the metabolic profiling of this plant and reports spicatoside A accumulation in four different varieties of L. platyphylla (Cheongyangjaerae, Seongsoo, Cheongsim, and Liriope Tuber No. 1) using HPLC and gas chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC⁻TOFMS). A total of 47 metabolites were detected in the different cultivars using GC⁻TOFMS-based metabolic profiling. The resulting data were subjected to principal component analysis (PCA) for determining the whole experimental variation, and the different cultivars were separated by score plots. Furthermore, hierarchical clustering, Pearson's correlation, and partial least-squares discriminant analyses (PLS-DA) were subsequently performed to determine significant differences in the various metabolites of the cultivars. The HPLC data revealed that the presence of spicatoside A was detected in all four cultivars, with the amount of spicatoside A varying among them. Among the cultivars, Liriope Tuber No. 1 contained the highest amount of spicatoside A (1.83 ± 0.13 mg/g dry weight), followed by Cheongyangjaerae (1.25 ± 0.01 mg/g dry weight), Cheongsim (1.09 ± 0.04 mg/g dry weight), and Seongsoo (1.01 ± 0.02 mg/g dry weight). The identification of spicatoside A was confirmed by comparing the retention time of the sample with the retention time of the standard. Moreover, the Cheongsim cultivar contained higher levels of phenolic compounds-including vanillic acid, quinic acid, gallic acid, chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, and benzoic acid-than those of the other two cultivars. On the other hand, the levels of amino acids were higher in the Seongsoo cultivar. Therefore, this study may help breeders produce new varieties with improved nutraceutical and nutritional qualities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Ha Park
- Department of Crop Science, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Korea.
| | | | - Byung Bae Park
- Department of Environment and Forest Resources, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Korea.
| | - Sook Young Lee
- Marine Bio Research Center, Chosun University, 61-220 Myeongsasimni, Sinji-myeon, Wando-gun, Jeollanamdo 59146, Korea.
| | - Sanghyun Lee
- Department of Plant Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 456-756, Korea.
| | - Jae Kwang Kim
- Division of Life Sciences and Bio-Resource and Environmental Center, Incheon National University, Incheon 406-772, Korea.
| | - Sang Un Park
- Department of Crop Science, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Korea.
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Shang ZP, Wang F, Zhang JY, Wang ZJ, Lu JQ, Wang HY, Li N. The genus Liriope: Phytochemistry and pharmacology. Chin J Nat Med 2018; 15:801-815. [PMID: 29329607 DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(18)30014-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2016] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Liriope (Liliaceae) species have been used as folk medicines in Asian countries since ancient times. From Liriope plants (8 species), a total of 132 compounds (except polysaccharides) have been isolated and identified, including steroidal saponins, flavonoids, phenols, and eudesmane sesquiterpenoids. The crude extracts or monomeric compounds from this genus have been shown to exhibit anti-tumor, anti-diabetic, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective activities. The present review summarizes the results on phytochemical and biological studies on Liriope plants. The chemotaxonomy of this genus is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhan-Peng Shang
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, China
| | - Fei Wang
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, China
| | - Jia-Yu Zhang
- Beijing Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Zi-Jian Wang
- Beijing Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Jian-Qiu Lu
- Library of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Huai-You Wang
- Shenzhen Research Institute, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518057, China
| | - Ning Li
- Shenzhen Research Institute, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518057, China.
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Villareal MO, Ikeya A, Sasaki K, Arfa AB, Neffati M, Isoda H. Anti-stress and neuronal cell differentiation induction effects of Rosmarinus officinalis L. essential oil. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2017; 17:549. [PMID: 29273038 PMCID: PMC5741888 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-017-2060-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2017] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Background Mood disorder accounts for 13 % of global disease burden. And while therapeutic agents are available, usually orally administered, most have unwanted side effects, and thus making the inhalation of essential oils (EOs) an attractive alternative therapy. Rosmarinus officinalis EO (ROEO), Mediterranean ROEO reported to improve cognition, mood, and memory, the effect on stress of which has not yet been determined. Here, the anti-stress effect of ROEO on stress was evaluated in vivo and in vitro. Methods Six-week-old male ICR mice were made to inhale ROEO and subjected to tail suspension test (TST). To determine the neuronal differentiation effect of ROEO in vitro, induction of ROEO-treated PC12 cells differentiation was observed. Intracellular acetylcholine and choline, as well as the Gap43 gene expression levels were also determined. Results Inhalation of ROEO significantly decreased the immobility time of ICR mice and serum corticosterone level, accompanied by increased brain dopamine level. Determination of the underlying mechanism in vitro revealed a PC12 differentiation-induction effect through the modulation of intracellular acetylcholine, choline, and Gap43 gene expression levels. ROEO activates the stress response system through the NGF pathway and the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis, promoting dopamine production and secretion. The effect of ROEO may be attributed to its bioactive components, specifically to α-pinene, one of its major compounds that has anxiolytic property. Conclusions The results of this study suggest that ROEO inhalation has therapeutic potential against stress-related psychiatric disorders.
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Sonochemical Green Synthesis of Yttrium Oxide (Y2O3) Nanoparticles as a Novel Heterogeneous Catalyst for the Construction of Biologically Interesting 1,3-Thiazolidin-4-ones. Catal Letters 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s10562-017-2168-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Kim MJ, Yoo YC, Sung NY, Lee J, Park SR, Shon EJ, Lee BD, Kim MR. Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Liriope platyphylla in LPS-Stimulated Macrophages and Endotoxemic Mice. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2016; 44:1127-1143. [DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x16500634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, the anti-inflammatory and antisepticemic activities of a water extract of Liriope platyphylla (LP) were investigated. We first estimated the scavenging activity of DPPH and the hydroxyl radical and total phenolic contents of LP. Results indicated that LP, a rich source of phenolic compounds, showed a remarkable radical scavenging capacity. A MTT assay showed that LP treatment did not affect the toxicity against the RAW 264.7 macrophage cells, up to the concentration of 500[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]g/mL. Treatment of LP significantly attenuated the production of inflammatory mediators, such as nitric oxide (NO), interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor-necrosis factor (TNF)-[Formula: see text] and prostaglandin (PG)E2 in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages cells. Moreover, LP contributed to the down-regulation of inducible NO synthase (iNOS) and TNF-[Formula: see text] mRNA expression, as well as cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) protein expression. A western blotting assay further showed that LP inhibited activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and nuclear factor (NF)-[Formula: see text]B. In an animal experiment using an LPS-induced septicemia model in C57BL/6 mice, oral administration of LP (40[Formula: see text]mg/kg body weight) markedly reduced the level of TNF-[Formula: see text] and IL-6 in serum and protected against LPS-induced lethal shock in mice. Taken together, the results of treatments of LP on inhibited LPS-induced inflammatory responses in both in vitro and in vivo models and indicate it may be a promising neutraceutical or medicinal agent to prevent or cure inflammation-related disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Jee Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 305-764, Korea
| | - Yung-Choon Yoo
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Konyang University, Daejeon 302-632, Korea
| | - Nak-Yun Sung
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 305-764, Korea
| | - Julim Lee
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Konyang University, Daejeon 302-632, Korea
| | - Seok-Rae Park
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Konyang University, Daejeon 302-632, Korea
| | - Eun-Jung Shon
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 305-764, Korea
| | - Bo Dam Lee
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 305-764, Korea
| | - Mee Ree Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 305-764, Korea
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Ramalingam M, Kim SJ. Pharmacological Activities and Applications of Spicatoside A. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2016; 24:469-74. [PMID: 27169821 PMCID: PMC5012870 DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2015.214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2015] [Revised: 02/19/2016] [Accepted: 03/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Liriopogons (Liriope and Opiopogon) species are used as a main medicinal ingredient in several Asian countries. The Liriopes Radix (tuber, root of Liriope platyphylla) has to be a promising candidate due to their source of phytochemicals. Steroidal saponins and their glycosides, phenolic compounds, secondary metabolites are considered of active constituents in Liriopes Radix. Spicatoside A, a steroidal saponin, could be more efficacious drug candidate in future. In this review, we summarized the available knowledge on phytochemical and pharmacological activities for spicatoside A. It significantly suppressed the level of NF-κB, NO, iNOS, Cox-2, IL-1β, IL-6 and MAPKs in LPS-stimulated inflammation. The production of MUC5AC mucin was increased. MMP-13 expression was down-regulated in IL-1β-treated cells and reduced glycosaminoglycan release from IL-1α-treated cells. The neurite outgrowth activity, PI3K, Akt, ERK1/2, TrkA and CREB phosphorylation and neurotropic factors such as NGF and BDNF were upregulated with increased latency time. It also showed cell growth inhibitory activity on various carcinoma cells. From this, spicatoside A exerts anti-inflammation, anti-asthma, anti-osteoclastogenesis, neurite outgrowth, memory consolidation and anticancer activities. Further studies are needed on spicatoside A in order to understand mechanisms of action to treat various human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahesh Ramalingam
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Metabolic Diseases Research Laboratory, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Jin Kim
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Metabolic Diseases Research Laboratory, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
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Kim WK, Pyee Y, Chung HJ, Park HJ, Hong JY, Son KH, Lee SK. Antitumor Activity of Spicatoside A by Modulation of Autophagy and Apoptosis in Human Colorectal Cancer Cells. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2016; 79:1097-104. [PMID: 27064730 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.6b00006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The antitumor activity of spicatoside A (1), a steroidal saponin isolated from the tuber of Liriope platyphylla, and its underlying mechanisms were investigated in HCT116 human colorectal cancer cells. Compound 1 induced autophagy and apoptotic cell death and inhibited tumor growth in a nude mouse xenograft model implanted with HCT116 cells. Treatment with 1 for 24 h enhanced the formation of acidic vesicular organelles in the cytoplasm, indicating the induction of the onset of autophagy. This event was associated with the regulation of autophagic markers including microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3)-II, p62, beclin 1, lysosomal-associated membrane protein 1 (LAMP 1), and cathepsin D by inhibiting the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway, regulating mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling, and increasing p53 levels. However, a prolonged exposure to 1 resulted in apoptosis characterized by the accumulation of a sub-G1 cell population and an annexin V/propidium iodide (PI)-positive cell population. Apoptosis induced by 1 was associated with the regulation of apoptotic proteins including Bcl-2, Bax, and Bid, the release of cytochrome c into the cytosol, and the accumulation of cleaved poly-ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP). Further study revealed that cleavage of beclin 1 by caspases plays a critical role in the 1-mediated switch from autophagy to apoptosis. Taken together, these findings highlight the significance of 1 in the modulation of crosstalk between autophagy and apoptosis, as well as the potential use of 1 as a novel candidate in the treatment of human colorectal cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Won Kyung Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Natural Products Research Institute, Seoul National University , Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Yuna Pyee
- College of Pharmacy, Natural Products Research Institute, Seoul National University , Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwa-Jin Chung
- College of Pharmacy, Natural Products Research Institute, Seoul National University , Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyen Joo Park
- College of Pharmacy, Natural Products Research Institute, Seoul National University , Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Young Hong
- College of Pharmacy, Natural Products Research Institute, Seoul National University , Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Kun Ho Son
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Andong National University , Andong 760-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Kook Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Natural Products Research Institute, Seoul National University , Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea
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Venkatesan R, Ji E, Kim SY. Phytochemicals that regulate neurodegenerative disease by targeting neurotrophins: a comprehensive review. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:814068. [PMID: 26075266 PMCID: PMC4446472 DOI: 10.1155/2015/814068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2015] [Revised: 04/17/2015] [Accepted: 04/24/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD), characterized by progressive dementia and deterioration of cognitive function, is an unsolved social and medical problem. Age, nutrition, and toxins are the most common causes of AD. However, currently no credible treatment is available for AD. Traditional herbs and phytochemicals may delay its onset and slow its progression and also allow recovery by targeting multiple pathological causes by antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, and antiamyloidogenic properties. They also regulate mitochondrial stress, apoptotic factors, free radical scavenging system, and neurotrophic factors. Neurotrophins such as BDNF, NGF, NT3, and NT4/5 play a vital role in neuronal and nonneuronal responses to AD. Neurotrophins depletion accelerates the progression of AD and therefore, replacing such neurotrophins may be a potential treatment for neurodegenerative disease. Here, we review the phytochemicals that mediate the signaling pathways involved in neuroprotection specifically neurotrophin-mediated activation of Trk receptors and members of p75(NTR) superfamily. We focus on representative phenolic derivatives, iridoid glycosides, terpenoids, alkaloids, and steroidal saponins as regulators of neurotrophin-mediated neuroprotection. Although these phytochemicals have attracted attention owing to their in vitro neurotrophin potentiating activity, their in vivo and clinical efficacy trials has yet to be established. Therefore, further research is necessary to prove the neuroprotective effects in preclinical models and in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramu Venkatesan
- College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, No. 191, Hambakmoero, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 406-799, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunhee Ji
- College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, No. 191, Hambakmoero, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 406-799, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Yeou Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, No. 191, Hambakmoero, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 406-799, Republic of Korea
- Gachon Medical Research Institute, Gil Medical Center, Inchon 405-760, Republic of Korea
- Gachon Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Gachon University, No. 191 Hambakmoe-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 406-799, Republic of Korea
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Tsai YC, Hsu CC, El-Shazly M, Chiang SY, Wu CC, Wu CC, Lai WC, Yen MH, Wu YC, Chang FR. Phytochemicals and Estrogen-Receptor Agonists from the Aerial Parts of Liriope platyphylla. Molecules 2015; 20:6844-55. [PMID: 25913925 PMCID: PMC6272546 DOI: 10.3390/molecules20046844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2015] [Revised: 04/12/2015] [Accepted: 04/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
One new benzofuran, (2R)-(2',4'-dihydroxybenzyl)-6,7-methylenedioxy-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran (1), one new phenylisocoumarin, 3-(2'-hydroxyphenyl)-6,8-dihydroxy-7-methoxy-isocoumarin (2), and one new benzofuroisocoumarin, platyphyllarin C (3), were isolated from the ethanolic extract of Liriope platyphylla aerial parts, along with seventeen known compounds. The structures of the isolates were established by spectroscopic analysis and comparison with the literature data. The results indicated that structures 1-3 are uncommon in Nature. Benzofuroisocoumarin 4, flavonoids 9, 10, and 13-15, and homoisoflavonoids 19 and 20 exhibited significant binding activity to estrogen-receptor α and/or β as demonstrated by the SEAP reporter assay system in an MCF-7 cell-line.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Chi Tsai
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
| | - Chia-Chun Hsu
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Paochien Care Cooperation Paochien Hospital, Pingtung 900, Taiwan.
| | - Mohamed El-Shazly
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Natural Products Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain-Shams University, Organization of African Unity Street, Abassia, Cairo 11566, Egypt.
| | - Shang-Yu Chiang
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
| | - Chau-Chung Wu
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 100, Taiwan.
| | - Chin-Chung Wu
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
| | - Wan-Chun Lai
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
| | - Ming-Hong Yen
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
| | - Yang-Chang Wu
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
- Chinese Medicine Research and Development Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404, Taiwan.
- School of Chinese Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan.
- Center for Molecular Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404, Taiwan.
| | - Fang-Rong Chang
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
- Cancer Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
- Research Center for Natural Product and New Drug, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
- Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
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Anti-viral effect of a compound isolated from Liriope platyphylla against hepatitis B virus in vitro. Virus Res 2014; 192:16-24. [PMID: 25150190 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2014.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2014] [Revised: 07/14/2014] [Accepted: 07/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The compound LPRP-Et-97543 was isolated from Liriope platyphylla roots and was observed to have potential anti-viral effects in HepG2.2.15 cells against hepatitis B virus (HBV). The antiviral mode was further clarified, and the HBV-transfected Huh7 cells were used as the platform. During viral gene expression, LPRP-Et-97543 treatment had apparent effects on the viral precore/pregenomic and S/preS RNA. Promoter activity analysis demonstrated that LPRP-Et-97543 significantly reduced Core, S, and preS but not X promoter activities. Further examination showed that putative signaling pathways were involved in this inhibitory effect, indicating that NF-κB may serve a putative mediator of HBV gene regulation with LPRP-Et-97543. In addition, the nuclear expression of p65/p50 NF-κB member proteins was attenuated with LPRP-Et-97543 and augmented cytoplasmic IκBα protein levels but without affecting the expression of these proteins in HBV non-transfected cells during treatment. Moreover, LPRP-Et-97543 reduced the binding activity of NF-κB protein to CS1 element of HBV surface gene in a gel retardation analysis and inhibited CS1 containing promoter activity in HBV expressed cells. However, HBV transfection significantly enhances CS1 containing promoter activity without compound treatment in cells. Finally, transfection of the p65 expression plasmid significantly reversed the inhibitory effect of LPRP-Et-97543 on the replicated HBV DNA level in HBV positive cells. In conclusion, this study suggests that the mechanism of HBV inhibition by LPRP-Et-97543 may involve the feedback regulation of viral gene expression and viral DNA replication by HBV viral proteins, which interferes with the NF-κB signaling pathway.
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The oestrogenic and anti-platelet activities of dihydrobenzofuroisocoumarins and homoisoflavonoids from Liriope platyphylla roots. Food Chem 2013; 140:305-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2013.02.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2012] [Revised: 02/04/2013] [Accepted: 02/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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The effects of Gamijinhae-tang on elastase/lipopolysaccharide-induced lung inflammation in an animal model of acute lung injury. Altern Ther Health Med 2013; 13:176. [PMID: 23866260 PMCID: PMC3722031 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-13-176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2012] [Accepted: 07/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Background Gamijinhae-tang (GJHT) has long been used in Korea to treat respiratory diseases. The therapeutic effect of GJHT is likely associated with its anti-inflammatory activity. However, the precise mechanisms underlying its effects are unknown. This study was conducted to evaluate the protective effects of GJHT in a porcine pancreatic elastase (PPE) and lipopolysaccharide(LPS) induced animal model of acute lung injury (ALI). Methods In this study, mice were intranasally exposed to PPE and LPS for 4 weeks to induce chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)-like lung inflammation. Two hours prior to PPE and LPS administration, the treatment group was administered GJHT extracts via an oral injection. The numbers of neutrophils, lymphocytes, macrophages and total cells in the bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid were counted, and pro-inflammatory cytokines were also measured. For histologic analysis, hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) stains and periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) stains were evaluated. Results After inducing ALI by treating mice with PPE and LPS for 4 weeks, the numbers of neutrophils, lymphocytes and total cells were significantly lower in the GJHT group than in the ALI group. In addition, the IL-1β and IL-6 levels were significantly decreased in the GJHT group. The histological results also demonstrated the attenuation effect of GJHT on PPE- and LPS-induced lung inflammation. Conclusions The results of this study indicate that GJHT has significantly reduces PPE- and LPS-induced lung inflammation. The remarkable protective effects of GJHT suggest its therapeutic potential in COPD treatment.
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Red Liriope platyphylla stimulated the insulin secretion through the regulation of calcium concentration in rat insulinoma cells and animal models. Lab Anim Res 2013; 29:84-95. [PMID: 23825481 PMCID: PMC3696629 DOI: 10.5625/lar.2013.29.2.84] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2013] [Revised: 03/27/2013] [Accepted: 05/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of Red L. platyphylla (RLP) on calcium and glucose levels during insulin secretion. To achieve this, alteration of insulin and calcium concentrations was measured in rat insulinoma-1 (INS-1) cells and animal models in response to RLP treatment. In INS-1 cells, maximum secretion of insulin was detected upon treatment with 200 µg/mL of RLP for 20 min. Nifedipine, an L-type calcium channel blocker, effectively inhibited insulin secretion from INS-1 cells. Regarding calcium levels, the maximum concentration of intracellular calcium in INS-1 cells was obtained by treatment with 100 µg/mL of RLP, whereas this level was reduced under conditions of 200 µg/mL of RLP. Further, RLP-treated INS-1 cells showed a higher level of intracellular calcium than that of L. platyphylla (LP), Korea White Ginseng (KWG), or Korea Red Ginseng (KRG)-treated cells. This RLP-induced increase in intracellular calcium was abrogated but not completely abolished upon treatment with 40 µM nifedipine in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, the insulin level was dramatically elevated upon co-treatment with high concentrations of glucose and RLP, whereas it was maintained at a low level in response to glucose and RLP co-treatment at low concentrations. In an animal experiment, the serum concentration of calcium increased or decreased upon RLP treatment according to glucose level compared to vehicle treatment. Therefore, these results suggest that insulin secretion induced by RLP treatment may be tightly correlated with calcium regulation, which suggests RLP is an excellent candidate for diabetes treatment.
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In vitro and in vivo study of effects of fermented soybean product (chungkookjang) on NGF secretion ability and NGF receptor signaling pathway. Lab Anim Res 2013; 29:113-26. [PMID: 23825484 PMCID: PMC3696624 DOI: 10.5625/lar.2013.29.2.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2013] [Revised: 05/28/2013] [Accepted: 05/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to investigate the effects of a fermented soybean product (Chungkookjang, CKJ) on nerve growth factor (NGF) metabolism, NGF secretion ability and its related signaling pathway were analyzed in B35 neuronal cells and the Tg2576 mouse model of Alzheimer's disease (AD). In B35 cells, the concentration of NGF significantly increased upon treatment with Taegwang (TG)-CKJ and Shinhwa (SH)-CKJ extracts compared with vehicle. Further, a significant increase in PC12 cell length as well as the phsophorylation levels of TrkA and Akt, which are members of a high affinity NGF receptor signaling pathway, were observed after treatment with TG-CKJ and SH-CKJ conditional medium (CM). On the other hand, there was no difference in activation of the NGF receptor p75NTR signaling pathway between vehicle and all CKJ treated groups. In Tg2576 mice showing early stage of AD, the concentrations of NGF in the serum and brain were reduced compared with those in Non-Tg mice. Treatment of Tg2576 mice with SH-CKJ, which contains high concentrations of total flavonoids and phenolic compounds, for 8 weeks dramatically recovered the NGF level to that of Non-Tg mice. Furthermore, the low phosphorylation levels of TrkA and Erk in the NGF receptor TrkA signaling pathway were rapidly recovered to those of Non-Tg mice after SH-CKJ treatment in vehicle treated Tg2576 mice, whereas the phosphorylation level of Akt was maintained at a constant level. These results suggest that CKJ may stimulate NGF secretion ability as well as the NGF receptor TrkA signaling pathway in PC12 cells and Tg2576 mice.
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Toxicity of red Liriope platyphylla manufactured by steaming process on liver and kidney organs of ICR mice. Lab Anim Res 2012; 28:229-38. [PMID: 23326283 PMCID: PMC3542381 DOI: 10.5625/lar.2012.28.4.229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2012] [Revised: 11/10/2012] [Accepted: 11/14/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Red Liriope platyphylla (RLP) produced by steaming process has been reported to enhance the secretion of insulin and nerve growth factor (NGF). However, there has been no report on the toxicity of RLP in the specific organs of mice. To investigate the toxic effect of RLP, we tried to observe a significant alteration on body weight, food/water intake, organ weight, liver pathology and kidney pathology in female ICR mice received 12.5, 25.0 and 50.0 mg/kg body weight/day of RLP via gavage for 10 days. Out of seven organs including brain, heart, lung, liver, kidney, spleen and ovary, two organs (heart and lung) showed significantly decreased weights in the medium dosage RLP-treated group, whereas weights of other organs were maintained at constant levels in all dosage groups. In the liver toxicity analysis, no significant increase of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and aspartate amino-transferase (AST) were detected in any RLP-treated group compared to vehicle-treated group. The specific pathological changes induced by most of toxic compounds were not observed in the liver in microscopic examination. Furthermore, in the kidney toxicological analysis, a significant enhancement of the blood urea nitrogen (BUN) concentration was detected in the high dosage RLP-treated group compared to the vehicle-treated group. However, the serum creatinine (CA) concentration on the serum biochemistry as well as the pathological changes in microscopic examination were not significantly different between the vehicle- and RLP-treated groups. Therefore, these results suggest that RLP does not induce any specific toxicity in liver or kidney tissues of mice, although the BUN level slightly increased in 50.0 mg/kg of RLP-treated group.
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Immunomodulatory effects of Liriope platyphylla water extract on lipopolysaccharide-activated mouse macrophage. Nutrients 2012. [PMID: 23201926 PMCID: PMC3546613 DOI: 10.3390/nu4121887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The tuber of Liriope platyphylla Wang et Tang (Liliaceae), also known as Liriopis tuber, is famous in Oriental medicine owing to its tonic, antitussive, expectorant and anti-asthmatic properties. In the present study, the effects of Liriopis tuber water extract (LP) on proinflammatory mediators secreted from lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced cultured RAW 264.7 mouse macrophages were investigated. Nitric oxide (NO), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and intracellular calcium release were measured after 24 h incubation. Various cytokines and nuclear transcription factors (NF-κB and CREB) of LPS-induced RAW 264.7 were measured by a multiplex bead array assay based on xMAP technology. LP (up to 200 μg/mL) significantly decreased levels of nitric oxide (NO), interleukin (IL)-6, IL-10, IL-12p40, interferon-inducible protein-10, keratinocyte-derived chemokine, monocyte chemotactic protein-1, vascular endothelial growth factor, granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor, platelet derived growth factor, PGE2, intracellular calcium, NF-κB and CREB in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cells (p < 0.05). The results suggest that LP has immunomodulatory activity to reduce excessive immune reactions during the activation of macrophages by LPS. Further studies are needed to verify the precise mechanism regulating immunomodulatory activities of LP.
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Effects of Red Liriope platyphylla on NGF secretion ability, NGF receptor signaling pathway and γ-secretase components in NSE/hAPPsw transgenic mice expressing Alzheimer's Disease. Lab Anim Res 2012; 28:155-63. [PMID: 23091515 PMCID: PMC3469843 DOI: 10.5625/lar.2012.28.3.155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2012] [Revised: 08/13/2012] [Accepted: 08/31/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Liriope platyphylla (LP) has long been regarded as a curative herb for the treatment of diabetes, asthma, and neurodegenerative disorders. To examine the therapeutic effects of Red LP (RLP) manufactured by steaming process on neurodegenerative disorders, significant alteration of the key factors influencing Alzheimer's Disease (AD) was detected in NSE/hAPPsw transgenic (Tg) mice after RLP treatment. The concentration of nerve growth factor (NGF) in serum increased in RLP-treated NSE/hAPPsw Tg mice compared with vehicle-treated Tg mice. However, downstream effectors of the NGF receptor signaling pathway, including TrkA and p75NTR proteins, were suppressed in RLP-treated NSE/hAPPsw Tg mice. Especially, Tg mice showed decreased levels of TrkA, p75NTR, and RhoA expression. Production of Aβ-42 peptides was lower in RLP-treated NSE/hAPPsw Tg mice than in vehicle-treated Tg mice. Further, analysis of γ-secretase components showed that Aβ-42 peptide expression was downregulated. Of the four components, the expression of APH-1 and Nicastrin (NCT) decreased in RLP-treated NSE/hAPPsw Tg mice, whereas expression of PS-2 and Pen-2 was maintained or increased within the same group. Overall, these results suggest that RLP can help relieve neurodegenerative diseases, especially AD, through upregulation of NGF secretion ability, activation of NGF signaling pathway, downregulation of Aβ-42 peptide deposition, and alteration of γ-secretase components.
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Aqueous extract of Liriope platyphylla, a traditional Chinese medicine, significantly inhibits abdominal fat accumulation and improves glucose regulation in OLETF type II diabetes model rats. Lab Anim Res 2012; 28:181-91. [PMID: 23091518 PMCID: PMC3469846 DOI: 10.5625/lar.2012.28.3.181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2012] [Revised: 09/05/2012] [Accepted: 09/08/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Liriope platyphylla is a medical herb that has long been used in Korea and China to treat cough, sputum, neurodegenerative disorders, obesity, and diabetes. The aims of this study were to determine the antidiabetic and antiobesity effects of aqueous extract of L. platyphylla (AEtLP) through glucose and lipid regulation in both pre-diabetes and obesity stage of type II diabetes model. Two concentrations of AEtLP were orally administrated to OLETF (Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty) rats once a day for 2 weeks, after which changes in glucose metabolism and fat accumulation were measured. Abdominal fat mass dramatically decreased in AEtLP-treated OLETF rats, whereas glucose concentration slightly decreased in all AEtLP-treated rats. However, compared to vehicle-treated OLETF rats, only AEtLP10 (10% concentration)-treated OLETF rats displayed significant induction of insulin production, whereas AEtLP5 (5% concentration)-treated OLETF rats showed a lower level of insulin. Although serum adiponectin level increased in only AEtLP5-treated rats, significant alteration of lipid concentration was detected in AEtLP5-treated OLETF rats. Expression of Glut-1 decreased in all AEtLP-treated rats, whereas Akt phosphorylation increased only in AEtLP10-treated OLETF rats. Furthermore, the pattern of Glut-3 expression was very similar with that of Glut-1 expression, which roughly corresponded with the phosphorylation of c-Jun N-teminal kinase (JNK) and p38 in the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway. Therefore, these findings suggest that AEtLP should be considered as a therapeutic candidate during pre-diabetes and obesity stage capable of inducing insulin secretion from pancreatic β-cells, glucose uptake in liver cells, as well as a decrease in fat and lipid accumulation.
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Choi SI, Goo JS, Kim JE, Nam SH, Hwang IS, Lee HR, Lee YJ, Son HJ, Lee HS, Lee JS, Kim HJ, Hwang DY. Differential effects of the steaming time and frequency for manufactured red Liriope platyphylla on nerve growth factor secretion ability, nerve growth factor receptor signaling pathway and regulation of calcium concentration. Mol Med Rep 2012; 6:1160-70. [PMID: 22895564 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2012.1024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2012] [Accepted: 08/01/2012] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The herb Liriope platyphylla (LP) has been considered to have curative properties for diabetes, asthma and neurodegenerative disorders. To examine the effects of steaming time and frequency of manufactured red LP (RLP) on the nerve growth factor (NGF) secretion ability and NGF receptor signaling pathway, the NGF concentration, cell differentiation, NGF signaling pathway and calcium concentration were analyzed in neuronal cells treated with several types of LPs manufactured under different conditions. The maximum NGF secretion was observed in B35 cells treated with 50 µg/ml LP extract steamed for 9 h (9-SLP) and with two repeated steps (3 h steaming and 24 h air-dried) carried out 7 times (7-SALP). No significant changes in viability were detected in any of the cells treated with the various LPs, with the exception of 0-SLP and 0-SALP. In addition, PC12 cell differentiation was induced by treatment with the NGF-containing conditional medium (CM) collected from the RLP-treated cells. The levels of TrkA and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) phosphorylation in the high affinity NGF receptor signaling pathway were significantly higher in the cells treated with 3-SLP or 1-SALP/3-SALP CM compared with those treated with the vehicle CM. In the low affinity NGF receptor pathway, the expression levels of most components were higher in the 9-, 15- and 24-SALP CM-treated cells compared with the vehicle CM-treated cells. However, this level was significantly altered in cells treated with 3-SALP CM. Furthermore, an examination of the RLP function on calcium regulation revealed that only the LP- or RLP-treated cells exhibited changes in intracellular and extracellular calcium levels. RLP induced a significant decrease in the intracellular calcium levels and an increase in the extracellular calcium levels. These results suggest the possibility that steaming-processed LP may aid in the relief of neurodegenerative diseases through the NGF secretion ability and NGF signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun Il Choi
- College of Natural Resources and Life Science, Pusan National University, Miryang 627-706, Republic of Korea
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LEE HYERYUN, KIM JIEUN, GOO JUNSEO, CHOI SUNIL, HWANG INSIK, LEE YOUNGJU, SON HONGJOO, LEE HEESEOB, LEE JONGSUP, HWANG DAEYOUN. Red Liriope platyphylla contains a large amount of polyphenolic compounds which stimulate insulin secretion and suppress fatty liver formation through the regulation of fatty acid oxidation in OLETF rats. Int J Mol Med 2012; 30:905-13. [DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2012.1081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2012] [Accepted: 07/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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Lee HA, Han JS. Anti-Inflammatory Effect of Fermented Liriope platyphylla Extract in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 Macrophages. Prev Nutr Food Sci 2011. [DOI: 10.3746/jfn.2011.16.4.299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Kang TH, Moon E, Hong BN, Choi SZ, Son M, Park JH, Kim SY. Diosgenin from Dioscorea nipponica ameliorates diabetic neuropathy by inducing nerve growth factor. Biol Pharm Bull 2011; 34:1493-8. [PMID: 21881239 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.34.1493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic neuropathy is characterized by axonal degeneration, demyelination, and atrophy in association with failed axonal regeneration, remyelination, and synaptogenesis. Recent reports suggest that reduced levels of nerve growth factor (NGF) may play a significant role in the pathogenesis of diabetic polyneuropathy. In this study, we investigated the regulation of NGF by steroid diosgenin (DG) in a diabetic neuropathy rodent model. We found that DG, the primary spirostane-type steroid in several Dioscorea species, increased NGF levels in the sciatic nerve of diabetic rats. Additionally, DG increased neurite outgrowth in PC12 cells and enhanced nerve conduction velocities in the diabetic neuropathy mouse model. DG-treated diabetic mice showed reduced disarrangement of the myelin sheath and increased area of myelinated axons by electron microscope studies and exhibited improvement in the damaged axons. Our data further suggest that DG increased the nerve conduction velocity through induction of NGF. Thus, our findings indicate that DG, a major sapogenin obtained from Dioscorea nipponica, reverses functional and ultrastructural changes and induces neural regeneration in a diabetic neuropathy model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Ho Kang
- College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Korea
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Kim N, Kim SH, Kim YJ, Kim JK, Nam MK, Rhim H, Yoon SK, Choi SZ, Son M, Kim SY, Kuh HJ. Neurotrophic activity of DA-9801, a mixture extract of Dioscorea japonica Thunb. and Dioscorea nipponica Makino, in vitro. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2011; 137:312-319. [PMID: 21651968 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2011.05.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2011] [Revised: 05/13/2011] [Accepted: 05/24/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Dioscorea japonica Thunb. has been traditionally used to treat polyuria and diabetes in Korea. AIM OF THE STUDY We previously report the effects of Dioscorea japonica Thunb. extract on glucose control, NGF induction, and neuroprotection in a rodent diabetic model. Since the most potent fraction, DA-9801, was identified from a mixture of Dioscorea japonica Thunb. (DJ) and Dioscorea nipponica Makino (DN) following bioactivity-guided fractionation, here, we investigated the potential mechanism of the extract activity against diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN). MATERIALS AND METHODS A 1:3 mixture of DJ and DN was extracted with ethanol (DA-9801) and further fractionated into an ethylacetate-soluble fraction (DA-9801E). Effects of these extracts on neurite outgrowth were measured in PC-12 cells and DRG neurons. Effects on cell viability and TrkA phosphorylation were evaluated in PC-12 cells. NGF induction effect was determined in primary Schwann cells as well as IMS32 cells (immortalized Schwann cells). RESULTS No cytotoxicity was observed in PC-12 cells at the concentration below 500 μg/ml of either DA-9801 or DA-9801E. DA-9801 and DA-9801E at 100 μg/ml and 10 μg/ml, respectively, showed a significant effect on neurite outgrowth in PC-12 cells and DRG neurons in the presence of or absence a low concentration of NGF (2 ng/ml). The Trk-A phosphorylation effect of DA9801 was confirmed in PC-12 cells. An NGF induction effect of these extracts was not detected in either IMS-32 cells, or primary Schwann cells. CONCLUSIONS The NGF agonistic activity of DA-9801 and DA-9801E was demonstrated, which may contribute to their neuroprotective effect against DPN. Studies of the detailed mechanism of these extracts as well as identification of the active components are warranted for the development of an anti-DPN drug from DJ and DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Namho Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 505 Banpo-4-dong, Seocho-ku, Seoul 137-701, Republic of Korea
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Lee JH, Choung MG. Identification and characterisation of anthocyanins in the antioxidant activity-containing fraction of Liriope platyphylla fruits. Food Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2011.02.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Kim JE, Nam SH, Choi SI, Hwang IS, Lee HR, Jang MJ, Lee CY, Soon HJ, Lee HS, Kim HS, Kang BC, Hong JT, Hwang DY. Aqueous Extracts of Liriope platyphylla Are Tightly-Regulated by Insulin Secretion from Pancreatic Islets and by Increased Glucose Uptake through Glucose Transporters Expressed in Liver Hepatocytes. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2011. [DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2011.19.3.348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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Effects of Steaming Time and Frequency for Manufactured Red Liriope platyphylla on the Insulin Secretion Ability and Insulin Receptor Signaling Pathway. Lab Anim Res 2011; 27:117-26. [PMID: 21826171 PMCID: PMC3146006 DOI: 10.5625/lar.2011.27.2.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2011] [Revised: 05/28/2011] [Accepted: 06/01/2011] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In oriental medicine, Liriope platyphylla (LP) has long been regarded as a curative herb useful for the treatment of diabetes, asthma, and neurodegenerative disorders. The principal objective of this study was to assess the effects of steaming time and frequency for manufactured Red LP (RLP) on insulin secretion ability and insulin receptor signaling pathway. To achieve our goal, several types of LPs manufactured under different conditions were applied to INS cells and streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic ICR mice, after which alterations in insulin concentrations were detected in the culture supernatants and sera. The optimal concentration for the investigation of insulin secretion ability was found to be 50 ug/mL of LP. At this concentration, maximum insulin secretion was observed in the INS cells treated with LP extract steamed for 3 h (3-SLP) with two repeated steps (3 h steaming and 24 h air-dried) carried out 9 times (9-SALP); no significant changes in viability were detected in any of the treated cells. Additionally, the expression and phosphorylation levels of most components in the insulin receptor signaling pathway were increased significantly in the majority of cells treated with steaming-processed LP as compared to the cells treated with LP prepared without steaming. With regard to glucose transporter (GLUT) expression, alterations of steaming time induced similar responses on the expression levels of GLUT-2 and GLUT-3. However, differences in steaming frequency were also shown to induce dose-dependent responses in the expression level of GLUT-2 only; no significant differences in GLUT-3 expression were detected under these conditions. Furthermore, these responses observed in vitro were similarly detected in STZ-induced diabetic mice. 24-SLP and 9-SALP treatment applied for 14 days induced the down-regulation of glucose concentration and upregulation of insulin concentration. Therefore, these results indicated that the steaming processed LP may contribute to the relief of diabetes symptoms and should be regarded as an excellent candidate for a diabetes treatment.
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Kim SH, Kim HK, Yang ES, Lee KY, Kim SD, Kim YC, Sung SH. Optimization of pressurized liquid extraction for spicatoside A in Liriope platyphylla. Sep Purif Technol 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2009.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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The Symptoms of Atopic Dermatitis in NC/Nga Mice Were Significantly Relieved by the Water Extract ofLiriope platyphylla. Lab Anim Res 2010. [DOI: 10.5625/lar.2010.26.4.377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Hur J, Lee P, Moon E, Kang I, Kim SH, Oh MS, Kim SY. Neurite outgrowth induced by spicatoside A, a steroidal saponin, via the tyrosine kinase A receptor pathway. Eur J Pharmacol 2009; 620:9-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2009.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2009] [Revised: 07/21/2009] [Accepted: 08/03/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Moon E, Her Y, Lee JB, Park JH, Lee EH, Kim SH, Oh MS, Jang CG, Kim SY. The multi-herbal medicine Gongjin-dan enhances memory and learning tasks via NGF regulation. Neurosci Lett 2009; 466:114-9. [PMID: 19788912 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2009.09.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2009] [Revised: 09/14/2009] [Accepted: 09/15/2009] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Nerve growth factor (NGF) decreases degeneration of cholinergic neurons, improves memory loss, and increases long-term potentiation and learning tasks. Therefore, NGF mimetics or NGF inducers may be important targets for the treatment of various neurodegenerative disorders. Traditionally, Gongjin-dan (GJD) has been used clinically for the treatment of central nervous system disorders. In this study, we examined the effects of GJD on NGF mimetic activity in PC12 cells and the induction of NGF secretion in primary astrocytes. Moreover, we also measured neuron survival by MAP-2 staining in an immobilization stress rat model and induction of long-term potentiation by the MEA system in rat hippocampus slices treated with dexamethasone. The behavioral syndrome by novel object test was also performed in mice. GJD increased neurite outgrowth in PC12 cells and NGF secretion in primary astrocytes. Also, it reduced neuronal cell death and increased long-term potentiation in the rat hippocampus. Moreover, the number of entries, the time spent and the distance moved in the center area of the test region by the mice was increased by oral administration of GJD in comparison with the distance moved over the total area. These data suggest that administration of GJD may improve memory and learning tasks via NGF regulation, and that it may have a potential for multiple function neuroprotection via NGF regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunjung Moon
- Graduate School of East-West Medical Science, Kyung Hee University Global Campus, #1 Seocheon-dong, Giheung-gu, Yongin, Gyeonggi-do 446-701, Republic of Korea
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Jiang T, Qin LP. Research on the chemical constituents and pharmacological activities of Liriope Lour. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 5:465-9. [PMID: 17631817 DOI: 10.3736/jcim20070422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tao Jiang
- Department of Pharmacogonosy, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
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Mun JH, Lee SG, Kim DH, Jung JW, Yoon BH, Shin BY, Kim SH, Ryu JH. Neurotrophic Factors Mediate Memory Enhancing Property of Ethanolic Extract of Liriope platyphylla in Mice. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2007. [DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2007.15.2.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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Lee YC, Lee JC, Seo YB, Kook YB. Liriopis tuber inhibit OVA-induced airway inflammation and bronchial hyperresponsiveness in murine model of asthma. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2005; 101:144-52. [PMID: 15982838 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2005.04.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2004] [Revised: 03/28/2005] [Accepted: 04/12/2005] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Liriope platyphylla is one of the well-known herb used in oriental medicine for treatment asthma and bronchial and lung inflammation. Anti-asthmatic effects of Liriope platyphylla in the development of OVA-induced airway inflammation and murine asthma model have not been fully investigated in vivo. Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease of the mucosa and is associated with excess production of Th2 cytokines and eosinophil accumulation in lung. To clarify the anti-inflammatory and anti-asthmatic effects of Liriope platyphylla, we examined the influence of liriopis tuber (LRT) on the development of pulmonary eosinophilic inflammation in murine model of asthma. Our results have shown that LRT were demonstrated on the accumulation of eosinophills into airways, with reduction of eosinophil, total lung leukocytes numbers by reduction IL-5, IL-13, IL-4 and IgE levels in the BALF and serum. Moreover, LRT decreased eosinophil CCR3 expression and CD11b expression in lung cells. These results indicate that LRT has a deep inhibitory effects on airway inflammation and hyperresponsiveness in murine model of asthma and play an crucial role as a immunomodulator which possess anti-inflammatory and anti-asthmatic property by modulating the relationship between Th1/Th2 cytokine imbalance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Cheol Lee
- Department of Herbology, College of Oriental Medicine, Sangji University, Wonju 220-702, Republic of Korea.
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