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Liu Y, Zhao D, Zhang C, Fang H, Shen Q, Wang Z, Cao J. Development of Hydroxamate Derivatives Containing a Pyrazoline Moiety as APN Inhibitors to Overcome Angiogenesis. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27238339. [PMID: 36500432 PMCID: PMC9736874 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27238339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Revised: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Aminopeptidase N (APN) was closely associated with cancer invasion, metastasis, and angiogenesis. Therefore, APN inhibitors have attracted more and more attention of scientists as antitumor agents. In the current study, we designed, synthesized, and evaluated one new series of pyrazoline-based hydroxamate derivatives as APN inhibitors. Moreover, the structure-activity relationships of those were discussed in detail. 2,6-Dichloro substituted compound 14o with R1 = CH3, showed the best capacity for inhibiting APN with an IC50 value of 0.0062 ± 0.0004 μM, which was three orders of magnitude better than that of the positive control bestatin. Compound 14o possessed both potent anti-proliferative activities against tumor cells and potent anti-angiogenic activity. At the same concentration of 50 μM, compound 14o exhibited much better capacity for inhibiting the micro-vessel growth relative to bestatin in the rat thoracic aorta ring model. Additionally, the putative interactions of 14o with the active site of APN are also discussed. The hydroxamate moiety chelated the zinc ion and formed four hydrogen bonds with His297, Glu298 and His301. Meanwhile, the terminal phenyl group and another phenyl group of 14o interacted with S2' and S1 pockets via hydrophobic effects, respectively.
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Liu Q, Huang J, He L, Yang X, Yuan L, Cheng D. Molecular fluorescent probes for liver tumor imaging. Chem Asian J 2022; 17:e202200091. [PMID: 35234359 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202200091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Liver cancer is a malignant tumor with both high morbidity and mortality. Traditional treatment method is mainly based on hepatectomy for liver tumor. However, it is difficult to accurately distinguish the tumor tissue and its boundary with the naked eye and palpation, leading to an ambiguous resection result, finally causes high recurrence of liver cancer. Molecular fluorescent probes possess lots of advantages, such as non-invasive, high sensitivity, and real-time imaging have been extensively studied in liver cancer imaging and therapy. In this minireview, we briefly introduce the recent developments of always on and activatable fluorescent probes in the liver cancer image and therapy. Future potential challenges of the fluorescent probes for liver tumor are also discussed. We expect that this minireview would improve the fluorescent probes development for real clinical application of liver cancer disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Liu
- University of South China, Hengyang Medical School, CHINA
| | - Jia Huang
- University of South China, Hengyang Medical School, CHINA
| | - Longwei He
- University of South China, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, CHINA
| | - Xuefeng Yang
- University of South China Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, CHINA
| | - Lin Yuan
- Hunan University, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, CHINA
| | - Dan Cheng
- University of South China Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, Hengyang 421002, Hunan, China, 421002, Hengyang, CHINA
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Zhou X, Li H, Shi C, Xu F, Zhang Z, Yao Q, Ma H, Sun W, Shao K, Du J, Long S, Fan J, Wang J, Peng X. An APN-activated NIR photosensitizer for cancer photodynamic therapy and fluorescence imaging. Biomaterials 2020; 253:120089. [PMID: 32447103 PMCID: PMC7196320 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2020.120089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Revised: 04/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy has been developed as a prospective cancer treatment in recent years. Nevertheless, conventional photosensitizers suffer from lacking recognition and specificity to tumors, which causing severe side effects to normal tissues, while the enzyme-activated photosensitizers are capable of solving these conundrums due to high selectivity towards tumors. APN (Aminopeptidase N, APN/CD13), a tumor marker, has become a crucial targeting substance owing to its highly expressed on the cell membrane surface in various tumors, which has become a key point in the research of anti-tumor drug and fluorescence probe. Based on it, herein an APN-activated near-infrared (NIR) photosensitizer (APN-CyI) for tumor imaging and photodynamic therapy has been firstly developed and successfully applied in vitro and in vivo. Studies showed that APN-CyI could be activated by APN in tumor cells, hydrolyzed to fluorescent CyI-OH, which specifically located in mitochondria in cancer cells and exhibited a high singlet oxygen yield under NIR irradiation, and efficiently induced cancer cell apoptosis. Dramatically, the in vivo assays on Balb/c mice showed that APN-CyI could achieve NIR fluorescence imaging (λem = 717 nm) for endogenous APN in tumors and possessed an efficient tumor suppression effect under NIR irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Dalian, 116024, PR China
| | - Haidong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Dalian, 116024, PR China
| | - Chao Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Dalian, 116024, PR China
| | - Feng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Dalian, 116024, PR China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Dalian, 116024, PR China
| | - Qichao Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Dalian, 116024, PR China
| | - He Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Dalian, 116024, PR China
| | - Wen Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Dalian, 116024, PR China; Shenzhen Research Institute, Dalian University of Technology, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, 518057, PR China
| | - Kun Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Dalian, 116024, PR China; Shenzhen Research Institute, Dalian University of Technology, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, 518057, PR China
| | - Jianjun Du
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Dalian, 116024, PR China; Shenzhen Research Institute, Dalian University of Technology, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, 518057, PR China
| | - Saran Long
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Dalian, 116024, PR China; Shenzhen Research Institute, Dalian University of Technology, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, 518057, PR China
| | - Jiangli Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Dalian, 116024, PR China; Shenzhen Research Institute, Dalian University of Technology, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, 518057, PR China
| | - Jingyun Wang
- School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Dalian, 116024, PR China
| | - Xiaojun Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Dalian, 116024, PR China; Shenzhen Research Institute, Dalian University of Technology, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, 518057, PR China.
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Li H, Li Y, Yao Q, Fan J, Sun W, Long S, Shao K, Du J, Wang J, Peng X. In situ imaging of aminopeptidase N activity in hepatocellular carcinoma: a migration model for tumour using an activatable two-photon NIR fluorescent probe. Chem Sci 2019; 10:1619-1625. [PMID: 30842824 PMCID: PMC6368242 DOI: 10.1039/c8sc04685a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2018] [Accepted: 11/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
CD13/aminopeptidase N (APN), which is a zinc-dependent metalloproteinase, plays a vital role in the growth, migration, angiogenesis, and metastasis of tumours. Thus, in situ molecular imaging of endogenous APN levels is considerably significant for investigating APN and its different functions. In this study, a novel two-photon near-infrared (NIR) fluorescence probe DCM-APN was prepared to perform in vitro and in vivo tracking of APN. The N-terminal alanyl site of probe DCM-APN was accurately hydrolysed to the amino group, thereby liberating strong fluorescence owing to the recovery of the Intramolecular Charge Transfer (ICT) effect. By considering its outstanding selectivity, ultra-sensitivity (DL 0.25 ng mL-1) and favourable biocompatibility, the probe DCM-APN was used to distinguish between normal cells (LO2 cells) and cancer cells (HepG-2 and B16/BL6 cells). Furthermore, migration of hepatocellular carcinoma cells was apparently inhibited by ensuring that the APN catalytic cavity was occupied by bestatin. The identification of three-dimensional (3D) fluorescence in cancer tissues was completed under two-photon excitation coupled with lighting up hepatocellular carcinoma tumours in situ; this revealed that probe DCM-APN is an effective tool for detecting APN, thereby assisting in the early diagnosis of tumour in clinical medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haidong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals , Dalian University of Technology , 2 Linggong Road , Dalian 116024 , P. R. China .
| | - Yueqing Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology , Dalian University of Technology , 2 Linggong Road, Hi-tech Zone , Dalian 116024 , P. R. China
| | - Qichao Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals , Dalian University of Technology , 2 Linggong Road , Dalian 116024 , P. R. China .
| | - Jiangli Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals , Dalian University of Technology , 2 Linggong Road , Dalian 116024 , P. R. China .
- Research Institute of Dalian University of Technology in Shenzhen , Gaoxin South fourth Road , Nanshan District , Shenzhen 518057 , China
| | - Wen Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals , Dalian University of Technology , 2 Linggong Road , Dalian 116024 , P. R. China .
- Research Institute of Dalian University of Technology in Shenzhen , Gaoxin South fourth Road , Nanshan District , Shenzhen 518057 , China
| | - Saran Long
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals , Dalian University of Technology , 2 Linggong Road , Dalian 116024 , P. R. China .
- Research Institute of Dalian University of Technology in Shenzhen , Gaoxin South fourth Road , Nanshan District , Shenzhen 518057 , China
| | - Kun Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals , Dalian University of Technology , 2 Linggong Road , Dalian 116024 , P. R. China .
- Research Institute of Dalian University of Technology in Shenzhen , Gaoxin South fourth Road , Nanshan District , Shenzhen 518057 , China
| | - Jianjun Du
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals , Dalian University of Technology , 2 Linggong Road , Dalian 116024 , P. R. China .
| | - Jingyun Wang
- School of Life Science and Biotechnology , Dalian University of Technology , 2 Linggong Road , Dalian 116024 , P. R. China
- Research Institute of Dalian University of Technology in Shenzhen , Gaoxin South fourth Road , Nanshan District , Shenzhen 518057 , China
| | - Xiaojun Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals , Dalian University of Technology , 2 Linggong Road , Dalian 116024 , P. R. China .
- Research Institute of Dalian University of Technology in Shenzhen , Gaoxin South fourth Road , Nanshan District , Shenzhen 518057 , China
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Discovery of N-(4-((7-(3-(4-ethylpiperazin-1-yl)propoxy)-6-methoxyquinolin-4-yl)oxy)-3,5-difluorophenyl)-N-(2-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-4-oxothiazolidin-3-yl)urea as a multi-tyrosine kinase inhibitor for drug-sensitive and drug-resistant cancers treatment. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 163:10-27. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.11.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Revised: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Azimi A, Tuominen R, Costa Svedman F, Caramuta S, Pernemalm M, Frostvik Stolt M, Kanter L, Kharaziha P, Lehtiö J, Hertzman Johansson C, Höiom V, Hansson J, Egyhazi Brage S. Silencing FLI or targeting CD13/ANPEP lead to dephosphorylation of EPHA2, a mediator of BRAF inhibitor resistance, and induce growth arrest or apoptosis in melanoma cells. Cell Death Dis 2017; 8:e3029. [PMID: 29048432 PMCID: PMC5596587 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2017.406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2017] [Revised: 06/07/2017] [Accepted: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
A majority of patients with BRAF-mutated metastatic melanoma respond to therapy with BRAF inhibitors (BRAFi), but relapses are common owing to acquired resistance. To unravel BRAFi resistance mechanisms we have performed gene expression and mass spectrometry based proteome profiling of the sensitive parental A375 BRAF V600E-mutated human melanoma cell line and of daughter cell lines with induced BRAFi resistance. Increased expression of two novel resistance candidates, aminopeptidase-N (CD13/ANPEP) and ETS transcription factor FLI1 was observed in the BRAFi-resistant daughter cell lines. In addition, increased levels of the previously reported resistance mediators, receptor tyrosine kinase ephrine receptor A2 (EPHA2) and the hepatocyte growth factor receptor MET were also identified. The expression of these proteins was assessed in matched tumor samples from melanoma patients obtained before BRAFi and after disease progression. MET was overexpressed in all progression samples while the expression of the other candidates varied between the individual patients. Targeting CD13/ANPEP by a blocking antibody induced apoptosis in both parental A375- and BRAFi-resistant daughter cells as well as in melanoma cells with intrinsic BRAFi resistance and led to dephosphorylation of EPHA2 on S897, previously demonstrated to cause inhibition of the migratory capacity. AKT and RSK, both reported to induce EPHA2 S897 phosphorylation, were also dephosphorylated after inhibition of CD13/ANPEP. FLI1 silencing also caused decreases in EPHA2 S897 phosphorylation and in total MET protein expression. In addition, silencing of FLI1 sensitized the resistant cells to BRAFi. Furthermore, we show that BRAFi in combination with the multi kinase inhibitor dasatinib can abrogate BRAFi resistance and decrease both EPHA2 S897 phosphorylation and total FLI1 protein expression. This is the first report presenting CD13/ANPEP and FLI1 as important mediators of resistance to BRAF inhibition with potential as drug targets in BRAFi refractory melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Azimi
- Cancer Center Karolinska, Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Rainer Tuominen
- Cancer Center Karolinska, Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Fernanda Costa Svedman
- Cancer Center Karolinska, Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Stefano Caramuta
- Cancer Center Karolinska, Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Maria Pernemalm
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Marianne Frostvik Stolt
- Cancer Center Karolinska, Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lena Kanter
- Cancer Center Karolinska, Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Pedram Kharaziha
- Cancer Center Karolinska, Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Janne Lehtiö
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Veronica Höiom
- Cancer Center Karolinska, Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Johan Hansson
- Cancer Center Karolinska, Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Suzanne Egyhazi Brage
- Cancer Center Karolinska, Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Saida S, Watanabe KI, Kato I, Fujino H, Umeda K, Okamoto S, Uemoto S, Hishiki T, Yoshida H, Tanaka S, Adachi S, Niwa A, Nakahata T, Heike T. Prognostic significance of aminopeptidase-N (CD13) in hepatoblastoma. Pediatr Int 2015; 57:558-66. [PMID: 25682862 DOI: 10.1111/ped.12597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2013] [Revised: 08/21/2014] [Accepted: 01/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatoblastoma is a rare childhood malignant tumor that originates from immature hepatic cells. Aminopeptidase-N(CD13), an ectopeptidase that promotes tumor invasion and metastasis, is expressed in fetal stage hepatic progenitor cells, although its role in hepatoblastoma remains unclear. METHODS The expression pattern of CD13 was investigated on immunohistochemistry in 30 tissue samples from 27 hepatoblastoma patients (16 with predominantly embryonal [pE] histology and 14 with predominantly fetal [pF] histology). Immunoreactive score (IRS) was used to quantify staining data, and the relationship between CD13 expression, clinicopathological factors, and clinical outcome was investigated. The biological function of CD13 was also examined in the hepatoblastoma cell lines Huh6 and HepG2. RESULTS All specimens stained positive for CD13, with higher CD13 expression in pE than in pF hepatoblastoma samples (median IRS, 4; range, 2-9 vs 2; range, 1-4). Strong CD13 expression was correlated with vascular invasion. Five year event-free survival and overall survival were better in patients with CD13(low) than in those with CD13(high) tumors (100% vs 51.0%, P = 0.026; and 100% vs 74.0%, P = 0.114, respectively). A CD13-neutralizing antibody and the potent CD13 inhibitor, Ubenimex, suppressed invasive activity in HepG2 cells in vitro. CONCLUSIONS CD13 expression is associated with hepatoblastoma invasiveness and could be a novel prognostic marker for hepatoblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Saida
- Department of Pediatrics, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Ken-ichiro Watanabe
- Department of Pediatrics, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Itaru Kato
- Department of Pediatrics, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hisanori Fujino
- Department of Pediatrics, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Katsutsugu Umeda
- Department of Pediatrics, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shinya Okamoto
- Division of Hepato-pancreato-biliary Surgery and Transplantation, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shinji Uemoto
- Division of Hepato-pancreato-biliary Surgery and Transplantation, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tomoro Hishiki
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hideo Yoshida
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Shiro Tanaka
- Division of Clinical Trial Design and Management, Translational Research Center, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Souichi Adachi
- Department of Human Health Sciences, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Akira Niwa
- Department of Clinical Applications, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tatsutoshi Nakahata
- Department of Clinical Applications, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Toshio Heike
- Department of Pediatrics, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
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Liu S, Xie F, Wang H, Liu Z, Liu X, Sun L, Niu Z. Ubenimex inhibits cell proliferation, migration and invasion in renal cell carcinoma: the effect is autophagy-associated. Oncol Rep 2014; 33:1372-80. [PMID: 25571917 DOI: 10.3892/or.2014.3693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2014] [Accepted: 12/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Ubenimex is a low-molecular-weight dipeptide with the ability to inhibit aminopeptidase N (APN) activity, enhance the function of immunocompetent cells and confer antitumor effects. We sought to characterize the effects of ubenimex on renal cell carcinoma (RCC). The 786-O and OS-RC-2 human RCC cell lines were positive for APN expression and ubenimex decreased APN activity without affecting the expression. Ubenimex suppressed the proliferation of both cell lines in a concentration‑dependent manner, as assessed by curve growth analysis and WST-8 proliferation assay. Wound healing and Matrigel invasion assays demonstrated that the migration and invasion of the RCC cells were also markedly suppressed by ubenimex. Furthermore, ubenimex increased the mortality of both RCC cell lines as determined by the LDH cytotoxicity assay. This affect was accompanied by increased levels of LC3B with no apparent effect on Caspase3; and we observed that autophagy increased significantly after ubenimex treatment in both RCC cell lines by electron microscopy. Moreover, rapamycin enhanced the cytotoxic effect of ubenimex, while 3-methyladenine reversed the effect, indicating that ubenimex cytotoxicity occured through an autophagy-related mechanism. To further assess the potential applicability of ubenimex in the treatment of RCC, we performed immunohistochemistry using tissue microarrays representing 76 RCC patients that underwent radical nephrectomy. The results showed that APN was expressed in most, but not all of the RCC tissues and that the expression was reduced in RCC as compared to the normal kidney tissues, suggesting a potential role for APN in RCC development. Collectively, these results indicated that ubenimex inhibits proliferation, migration and invasion of RCC cells. Ubenimex may induce autophagy, which may be associated with its effect on the growth arrest and the cell death of RCC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Liu
- Department of Urology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan 250021, P.R. China
| | - Fang Xie
- Department of Urology, Weihai Municipal Hospital, Weihai, Shandong 264200, P.R. China
| | - Hafeng Wang
- Department of Urology, QiHe People's Hospital, Dezhou, Shandong 251100, P.R. China
| | - Zheng Liu
- Department of Urology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan 250021, P.R. China
| | - Xiaowen Liu
- Department of Urology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan 250021, P.R. China
| | - Liang Sun
- Department of Urology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan 250021, P.R. China
| | - Zhihong Niu
- Department of Urology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan 250021, P.R. China
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Gonzalez E, Piva M, Rodriguez-Suarez E, Gil D, Royo F, Elortza F, Falcon-Perez JM, Vivanco MDM. Human mammospheres secrete hormone-regulated active extracellular vesicles. PLoS One 2014; 9:e83955. [PMID: 24404144 PMCID: PMC3880284 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0083955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2013] [Accepted: 11/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is a leading cause of cancer-associated death worldwide. One of the most important prognostic factors for survival is the early detection of the disease. Recent studies indicate that extracellular vesicles may provide diagnostic information for cancer management. We demonstrate the secretion of extracellular vesicles by primary breast epithelial cells enriched for stem/progenitor cells cultured as mammospheres, in non-adherent conditions. Using a proteomic approach we identified proteins contained in these vesicles whose expression is affected by hormonal changes in the cellular environment. In addition, we showed that these vesicles are capable of promoting changes in expression levels of genes involved in epithelial-mesenchymal transition and stem cell markers. Our findings suggest that secreted extracellular vesicles could represent potential diagnostic and/or prognostic markers for breast cancer and support a role for extracellular vesicles in cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marco Piva
- Cell Biology and Stem Cells Unit, CIBERehd, Derio, Spain
| | | | - David Gil
- Structural Biology, CIC bioGUNE, Derio, Spain
| | | | - Felix Elortza
- Proteomics Platform, ProteoRed-ISCIII, CIBERehd, Derio, Spain
| | - Juan M. Falcon-Perez
- Metabolomics CIBERehd, Derio, Spain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain
- * E-mail: (JMFP); (MDMV)
| | - Maria dM. Vivanco
- Cell Biology and Stem Cells Unit, CIBERehd, Derio, Spain
- * E-mail: (JMFP); (MDMV)
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10
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Schmitt C, Voegelin M, Marin A, Schmitt M, Schegg F, Hénon P, Guenot D, Tarnus C. Selective aminopeptidase-N (CD13) inhibitors with relevance to cancer chemotherapy. Bioorg Med Chem 2013; 21:2135-44. [PMID: 23428964 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2012.12.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2012] [Revised: 12/15/2012] [Accepted: 12/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Aminopeptidase-N (APN/CD13) is highly expressed on the surface of numerous types of cancer cells and particularly on the endothelial cells of neoangiogenic vessels during tumourigenesis. This metallo-aminopeptidase has been identified as a potential target for cancer chemotherapy. In this work, we evaluated the efficacy of a novel series of benzosuberone analogues, which were previously reported to be highly potent, selective APN inhibitors with Ki values in the micromolar to sub-nanomolar range. Endothelial cell morphogenesis as well as cell motility were inhibited in vitro in a dose-dependent manner at concentrations that correlated with the potency of the compounds, thus confirming the key role of APN in these established models of angiogenesis. We report toxicity studies in mice showing that these compounds are well tolerated. We report the effects of the compounds, used alone or in combination with rapamycin, on the growth of a select panel of tumours that were subcutaneously xenografted onto Swiss nude mice. Our data indicate that the in vivo efficacy of these new APN inhibitors during the initial phase of tumour growth can be ascribed to their anti-angiogenic activities. However, we also provide evidence that these compounds are effective against established solid tumours. For colonic tumours, the anti-tumour effect depends on the level of APN expression in epithelial cells, and APN expression is associated with down-regulation of the transcription factor HIF-1α. These effects seem to be distinct from those of rapamycin. Our finding that the anti-tumour effect of the inhibitors in the colon requires APN expression strongly suggests that APN plays a crucial function in tumour cells that is distinct from its known role in neovascularisation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Céline Schmitt
- Université de Haute-Alsace, Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Mulhouse, Laboratoire de Chimie Organique et Bioorganique EA4566, 3 rue Alfred Werner, 68093 Mulhouse Cedex, France
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11
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Wulfänger J, Schneider H, Wild P, Ikenberg K, Rodolfo M, Rivoltini L, Meyer S, Riemann D, Seliger B. Promoter methylation of aminopeptidase N/CD13 in malignant melanoma. Carcinogenesis 2012; 33:781-90. [DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgs091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
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Lai A, Ghaffari A, Ghahary A. Inhibitory effect of anti-aminopeptidase N/CD13 antibodies on fibroblast migration. Mol Cell Biochem 2010; 343:191-9. [PMID: 20589526 PMCID: PMC7088764 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-010-0513-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2010] [Accepted: 05/04/2010] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Aminopeptidase N (APN)/CD13 is a widely expressed transmembrane ectoenzyme and has been implicated in a myriad of physiological processes that are specific to cell type and tissue origin, including cancer cell metastasis, angiogenesis, cholesterol uptake, apoptosis, and cell migration. Skin cells, in particular fibroblasts have a relatively high level of APN/CD13 expression. The migratory capacity of skin cells is critical for the outcome of wound repair, as successful wound healing requires timely re-epithelialization which involves reformation of epithelium over wound surface by migrating keratinocytes. While failure of keratinocytes to undergo proper migration leads to chronic non-healing wounds, the presence of excess fibroblasts may contribute to formation of hypertrophic scars and keloids. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of APN/CD13 in skin cell migration and explore its potential as a therapeutic target in wound healing. Our results show an elevated expression of APN/CD13 in fibroblasts on the edge of the wound compared to unwounded cells. The presence of anti-APN/CD13 antibodies WM15, 3D8, and H300 reduces the migratory activity of human dermal fibroblasts in a dose-dependent manner by 42, 21, and 28%, respectively. However, the antibodies have no effect on keratinocyte migration. Further, none of the anti-APN/CD13 antibodies used in this study has any antiproliferative and cytotoxic effect on primary human keratinocytes or fibroblasts when used at 10 μg/ml in vitro. The differential inhibition on the migratory capacity of fibroblasts and keratinocytes presents an opportunity for anti-APN/CD13 antibodies to be used as a therapeutic agent for high fibroblast cellularity seen in fibroproliferative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Lai
- BC Professional Fire Fighters’ Burn and Wound Healing Laboratory, Department of Surgery, Jack Bell Research Center, University of British Columbia, 350-2660 Oak Street, Vancouver, BC V6H 3Z6 Canada
| | - Abdi Ghaffari
- BC Professional Fire Fighters’ Burn and Wound Healing Laboratory, Department of Surgery, Jack Bell Research Center, University of British Columbia, 350-2660 Oak Street, Vancouver, BC V6H 3Z6 Canada
| | - Aziz Ghahary
- BC Professional Fire Fighters’ Burn and Wound Healing Laboratory, Department of Surgery, Jack Bell Research Center, University of British Columbia, 350-2660 Oak Street, Vancouver, BC V6H 3Z6 Canada
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Cui SX, Qu XJ, Gao ZH, Zhang YS, Zhang XF, Zhao CR, Xu WF, Li QB, Han JX. Targeting aminopeptidase N (APN/CD13) with cyclic-imide peptidomimetics derivative CIP-13F inhibits the growth of human ovarian carcinoma cells. Cancer Lett 2010; 292:153-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2009.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2009] [Revised: 11/21/2009] [Accepted: 11/27/2009] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Koizumi K, Saitoh Y, Minami T, Takeno N, Tsuneyama K, Miyahara T, Nakayama T, Sakurai H, Takano Y, Nishimura M, Imai T, Yoshie O, Saiki I. Role of CX3CL1/fractalkine in osteoclast differentiation and bone resorption. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2010; 183:7825-31. [PMID: 19923448 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.0803627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The recruitment of osteoclast precursors toward osteoblasts and subsequent cell-cell interactions are critical for osteoclast differentiation. Chemokines are known to regulate cell migration and adhesion. CX3CL1 (also called fractalkine) is a unique membrane-bound chemokine that has dual functions for cells expressing its receptor CX3CR1: a potent chemotactic factor in its soluble form and a type of efficient cell adhesion molecule in its membrane-bound form. In this paper, we demonstrate a novel role of CX3CL1 in osteoblast-induced osteoclast differentiation. We found that osteoclast precursors selectively expressed CX3CR1, whereas CX3CL1 is expressed by osteoblasts. We confirmed that soluble CX3CL1 induced migration of bone marrow cells containing osteoclast precursors, whereas immobilized CX3CL1 mediated firm adhesion of osteoclast precursors. Furthermore, a blocking mAb against CX3CL1 efficiently inhibited osteoclast differentiation in mouse bone marrow cells cocultured with osteoblasts. Anti-CX3CL1 also significantly suppressed bone resorption in neonatal mice by reducing the number of bone-resorbing mature osteoclasts. Collectively, CX3CL1 expressed by osteoblasts plays an important role in osteoclast differentiation, possibly through its dual functions as a chemotactic factor and adhesion molecule for osteoclast precursors expressing CX3CR1. The CX3CL1-CX3CR1 axis may be a novel target for the therapeutic intervention of bone resorbing diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, osteoporosis, and cancer bone metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiichi Koizumi
- Division of Pathogenic Biochemistry, Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan.
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Miyanaga S, Sakurai H, Saiki I, Onaka H, Igarashi Y. Anti-invasive and anti-angiogenic activities of naturally occurring dibenzodiazepine BU-4664L and its derivatives. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2009; 20:963-5. [PMID: 20056543 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2009.12.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2009] [Revised: 11/27/2009] [Accepted: 12/14/2009] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
In the screening for antitumor leads from microbial secondary metabolites, BU-4664L (1), a naturally occurring dibenzodiazepine, was found to inhibit tumor invasion and angiogenesis in vitro. Compound 1 inhibited the gelatinase activities of MMP-2 and MMP-9 and the cellular motility. Four derivatives (2-5) were synthesized from 1 and their antitumor activities were evaluated. Compounds 3 and 4 exhibited potent anti-angiogenic effects on HUVEC, together with remarkable inhibition of cell migration at nanomolar concentrations, and showed much lower cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Miyanaga
- Biotechnology Research Center, Toyama Prefectural University, 5180 Kurokawa, Imizu, Toyama 939-0398, Japan
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Lee TH, Lee GW, Kim CW, Bang MH, Baek NI, Kim SH, Chung DK, Kim J. Stewartia koreana
extract stimulates proliferation and migration of human endothelial cells and induces neovasculization in vivo. Phytother Res 2009; 24:20-5. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.2851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Mina-Osorio P. The moonlighting enzyme CD13: old and new functions to target. Trends Mol Med 2008; 14:361-71. [PMID: 18603472 PMCID: PMC7106361 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2008.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 292] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2008] [Revised: 06/06/2008] [Accepted: 06/06/2008] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Aminopeptidase N (CD13) is a widely expressed ectoenzyme with functions that do not always depend on its enzymatic activity: an aspect that has been overlooked. Numerous CD13-targeting tools have been developed in the last few years. Several of them are already undergoing clinical trials, and there are promising reports on the effectiveness of others in animal models of disease. However, their efficacy might be obscured by their effects on unrecognized functions of CD13, resulting in unexpected complications. The purpose of this review is (i) to discuss the various functions ascribed to CD13 and the possible mechanisms behind them and (ii) to consider some of the questions that need to be answered to achieve a better understanding of the biological relevance of these functions, a more precise interpretation of the results obtained after their manipulation and a more rational design of CD13-targeting agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Mina-Osorio
- The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Autoimmune Disease Center, 350 Community Drive, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA.
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