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Toneto NPA, de Brito JR, Sartorelli P, Uemi M, Gonçalves MDM, de Rubio IGS, Lago JHG, Tamura RE. Cytotoxic effects of neolignans from Saururus cernuus (Saururaceae) against prostate cancer cells. Chem Biol Drug Des 2023; 101:1299-1306. [PMID: 36752700 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.14213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
In this study, five neolignans were isolated from Saururus cernuus-threo-dihydroguaiaretic acid (1), threo-austrobailignan-6 (2), threo-austrobailignan-5 (3), verrucosin (4), and saucernetin (5)-and have their cytotoxic effects evaluated in prostate cancer cell lines (PC3 and DU145). Initially, using an in silico approach, tested compounds were predicted to be absorbed by the gastrointestinal tract, be able to permeate the blood-brain barrier and did not show any alert in PAINS (pan-assay structures interference). In vitro assays showed that compounds 2, 4, and 5 reduced cell viability of DU145 cell line at 100 μmol/L after 48 h while compounds 1 and 3 showed to be inactive at the same conditions. Furthermore, compounds 4 and 5 reduced cell number as early as in 24 h at 50 μmol/L and compound 2 showed effects at 100 μmol/L in 24 h against both cancer cell lines PC3 and DU145. Studies using flow cytometry were conducted and indicated that compound 4 induced strong necrosis and apoptosis whereas compound 5 induced strong necrosis. Otherwise, less active compound 2 did not show evidence of induction of apoptosis or necrosis, suggesting that its mechanism of action involves inhibition of cell proliferation. In conclusion, compounds 4 and 5 have been shown to be promising cytotoxic agents against prostate cancer cell lines and can be used as a starting point for the development of new drugs for the treatment of prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Pietro Agulha Toneto
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular do Câncer, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Instituto de Ciências Ambientais, Químicas e Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Diadema, Brazil
| | - Juliana Ribeiro de Brito
- Instituto de Ciências Ambientais, Químicas e Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Diadema, Brazil
| | - Patricia Sartorelli
- Instituto de Ciências Ambientais, Químicas e Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Diadema, Brazil
| | - Miriam Uemi
- Instituto de Ciências Ambientais, Químicas e Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Diadema, Brazil
| | | | - Ileana Gabriela Sánchez de Rubio
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular do Câncer, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Instituto de Ciências Ambientais, Químicas e Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Diadema, Brazil
| | | | - Rodrigo Esaki Tamura
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular do Câncer, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Instituto de Ciências Ambientais, Químicas e Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Diadema, Brazil
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Li N, Cao L, Wang YR, Tao XQ, Ding G, Wang ZZ, Xiao W. Induction of Solasonine on Apoptosis of Human Breast Cancer Bcap-37 Cells through Mitochondria-Mediated Pathway. CHINESE HERBAL MEDICINES 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/s1674-6384(16)60026-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Jeong HJ, Koo BS, Kang TH, Shin HM, Jung S, Jeon S. Inhibitory effects of Saururus chinensis and its components on stomach cancer cells. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2015; 22:256-261. [PMID: 25765830 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2014.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2014] [Revised: 11/04/2014] [Accepted: 12/07/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Saururus chinensis (SC) Baill. (Saururaceae), a perennial herb commonly called Chinese lizard's tail or Sam-baekcho in Korea, has been used in the treatment of edema, gonorrhea, jaundice, and inflammatory diseases. Recently, several reports have been commissioned to examine the anti-cancer activities of this plant. In this study, we evaluated the inhibitory activity and mechanism of action on SC and its components against stomach cancer cells. SC extracts displayed cytotoxic effects on AGS cells in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, SC increased the number of annexin V-positive apoptotic bodies and phosphorylated JNK and p38 in AGS cells. SC also down-regulated anti-apoptotic (Bcl-2) genes and up-regulated apoptotic (Bax) genes in AGS cells. We further confirmed that caspase activation plays an important role in SC-induced apoptosis in AGS cells. Furthermore, we examined erythro-Austrobailignan-6 and meso-dihydroguaiaretic acid, major active constituents of SC, which induced apoptosis in both the AGS and NCI-N87 stomach cancer cell lines. Taken together, our data provide the evidence that SC and its components induce apoptosis in stomach cancer cells, making it a potential candidate as a chemotherapeutic drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ha Jin Jeong
- Dongguk University Research Institute of Biotechnology, Seoul 100-715, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Soo Koo
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Oriental Medicine, Dongguk University, Gyeongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Hoon Kang
- Natural Product Bank of Korea Promotion Institute for Traditional Medical Industry, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Heung Mook Shin
- Natural Product Bank of Korea Promotion Institute for Traditional Medical Industry, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Republic of Korea; Department of Physiology, College of Oriental Medicine, Dongguk University, Gyeongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Seunghyun Jung
- Department of Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Oriental Medicine, Dongguk University International Hospital, 814, Siksa-dong, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do 410-773, Republic of Korea.
| | - Songhee Jeon
- Dongguk University Research Institute of Biotechnology, Seoul 100-715, Republic of Korea.
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Zhuang T, Li F, Huang LR, Liang JY, Qu W. Secondary Metabolites from the Plants of the Family Saururaceae and Their Biological Properties. Chem Biodivers 2015; 12:194-220. [DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.201300342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Tsai WJ, Shen CC, Tsai TH, Lin LC. Lignans from the aerial parts of Saururus chinensis: isolation, structural characterization, and their effects on platelet aggregation. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2014; 77:125-131. [PMID: 24387347 DOI: 10.1021/np400772h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Five new diaryldimethylbutane lignans, saurulignans A-E (1-5), four new tetrahydrofuran lignans, saurufurins A-D (6-9), and one arylnaphthalene lignan, saurunarin (10), were isolated from Saururus chinensis, along with 18 known compounds. Lignan 5 showed significant inhibition of ADP-induced aggregation with an IC50 value of 9.8 μM and AA-induced aggregation with an IC50 value of 14.0 μM. Compound 19 showed significant activity to inhibit PAF-induced aggregation with an IC50 value of 9.1 μM. In addition, five isolated compounds could induce platelet aggregation. These results suggest that secondary metabolites in S. chinensis have bidirectional regulation on blood clotting and anticlotting effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Jern Tsai
- National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine , Taipei, Taiwan
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Bhouri W, Bouhlel I, Boubaker J, Kilani S, Ghedira K, Ghedira LC. Induction of apoptosis in human lymphoblastoid cells by kaempferol 3-O-β-isorhamninoside and rhamnocitrin 3-O-β-isorhamninoside from Rhamnus alaternus L. (Rhamnaceae). Cell Prolif 2011; 44:283-90. [PMID: 21535269 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2184.2011.00749.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Kaempferol 3-O-β-isorhamninoside (K3O-ir) and rhamnocitrin 3-O-β-isorhamninoside (R3O-ir) from Rhamnus alaternus L leaves are investigated for their ability to induce apoptosis in human lymphoblastoid cells. We have attempted to characterize apoptotic pathway activated by these two flavonoids. MATERIAL AND METHODS Apoptosis of the human TK6 lymphoblastoid cell line was detected by DNA fragmentation, PARP cleavage and by evaluating caspase activity. RESULTS Apoptosis was observed after 24- and 48-h incubation of the cells with the tested compounds. DNA fragmentation was observed after treatment with flavonoids; this was confirmed by demonstration of PARP cleavage. Caspase-3 and caspase-8 activities were induced by both K3O-ir and R3O-ir flavonoids showing highest activity with compound concentration of 400 μg/ml. CONCLUSION We have demonstrated that K3O-ir and R3O-ir induce apoptosis in human lymphoblastoid cells by the extrinsic pathway of apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Bhouri
- Laboratoire de biologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire, Faculté de Medecine Dentaire Monastir, Rue Avicenne, Université de Monastir, Tunisie
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Kim HY, Choi TW, Kim HJ, Kim SM, Park KR, Jang HJ, Lee EH, Kim CY, Jung SH, Shim BS, Ahn KS. A methylene chloride fraction of Saururus chinensis induces apoptosis through the activation of caspase-3 in prostate and breast cancer cells. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2011; 18:567-574. [PMID: 21111586 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2010.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2010] [Revised: 09/04/2010] [Accepted: 10/14/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The aerial parts of Saururus chinensis (SC) have been used for the treatment of edema, fever, jaundice, and inflammatory diseases in Korean folk medicine for centuries. However, the mechanism by which SC exerts these anti-tumorigenic activities in human prostate and breast cancer cells has not yet been fully understood. In this study, we report on the methylene chloride fraction from SC exerting cytotoxicity against prostate and breast cancer cells in a dose-dependent manner. Specifically, SC exerted the most potent cytotoxicity in LNCaP and MCF-7 cells. SC was shown to down-regulate various angiogenetic (VEGF), proliferative (Cyclin D₁, anti-apoptotic (Bcl-2) gene products in these cells. SC also increased the number of annexin V-positive apoptotic bodies and the sub-G1 DNA contents of the cell cycle undergoing apoptosis through caspase-3 activation in both LNCaP and MCF-7 cells. We further confirmed that caspase-3 plays an important role in SC-induced apoptosis in LNCaP and MCF-7 cells through the use of the caspase-3 inhibitor. Moreover, we observed that SC potentiated paclitaxel-induced apoptosis in MCF-7 cells and sauchinone is a major active constituent of SC, which could induce apoptosis in the cells. Taken together, our data provide the evidence that SC induces apoptosis depending on caspase-3 activation and overcomes the natural biological resistance to chemotherapy found in human prostate and breast cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han-Young Kim
- Department of Oriental Pathology, College of Oriental Medicine and Institute of Oriental Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 1 Hoegi-Dong Dongdaemun-Gu, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea
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Oh M, Lee JY, Shin DH, Park JH, Oian T, Kim HJ, Cho SD, Oh SH, Min YK, Kong G. The in vitro and in vivo anti-tumor effect of KO-202125, a sauristolactam derivative, as a novel epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitor in human breast cancer. Cancer Sci 2011; 102:597-604. [PMID: 21205071 PMCID: PMC11159864 DOI: 10.1111/j.1349-7006.2010.01817.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is one of the most promising targets for cancer therapy. Here, we show the in vitro and in vivo anticancer effects and associated mechanisms of KO-202125, one of the synthesized aristolactam analogs, as a novel EGFR inhibitor, in EGFR-overexpressing cancer cell lines. KO-202125 showed more effective growth inhibition and apoptosis induction than gefitinib, a representative EGFR inhibitor, in various EGFR-overexpressing human cancers including estrogen receptor (ER)-negative MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cells. Epidermal growth factor receptor phosphorylation at Tyr1068 was reduced and, consequently, the association of EGFR with p85 was decreased by KO-202125 treatment in MDA-MB-231 cell lines. This led to inactivation of the PI3K/Akt pathway, and consequently suppression of activation of the Wnt pathway and enhancement of the nuclear import of p27Kip1. KO-202125 treatment in nude mice injected with MDA-MB-231 cells showed inhibition of tumor growth without toxicity. Collectively, our results showed the possibility of KO-202125 as an effective therapy agent of EGFR-overexpressing cancer cells through reduced EGFR activity and downregulation of the Akt pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miyun Oh
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea
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KO-202125, a sauristolactam derivate, induces apoptosis to prevent KB human oral squamous carcinoma cells through inhibition of cyclooxygenase-2 expression. Eur J Cancer Prev 2010; 19:23-30. [DOI: 10.1097/cej.0b013e328333d09e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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10
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Caspase-independent apoptosis in Friend's erythroleukemia cells: role of mitochondrial ATP synthesis impairment in relocation of apoptosis-inducing factor and endonuclease G. J Bioenerg Biomembr 2009; 41:49-59. [PMID: 19184384 DOI: 10.1007/s10863-009-9196-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2008] [Accepted: 01/09/2009] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria have emerged as the central components of both caspase-dependent and independent apoptosis signalling pathways through release of different apoptogenic proteins. We previously documented that parental and differentiated Friend's erythroleukemia cells were induced to apoptosis by oligomycin and H(2)O(2) exposure, showing that the energy impairment occurring in both cases as a consequence of a severe mitochondrial F(0)F(1)ATPsynthase inactivation was a common early feature. Here we provide evidence for AIF and Endo G mitochondrio-nuclear relocation in both cases, as a component of caspase-independent apoptosis pathways. No detectable change in mitochondrial transmembrane potential and no variation in mitochondrial levels of Bcl-2 and Bax are observed. These results point to the osmotic rupture of the mitochondrial outer membrane as occurring in response to cell exposure to the two energy-impairing treatments under conditions preserving the mitochondrial inner membrane. A critical role of the mitochondrial F(0)F(1)ATP synthase inhibition in this process is also suggested.
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Yoo HJ, Kang HJ, Jung HJ, Kim K, Lim CJ, Park EH. Anti-inflammatory, anti-angiogenic and anti-nociceptive activities of Saururus chinensis extract. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2008; 120:282-286. [PMID: 18790036 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2008.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2007] [Revised: 07/28/2008] [Accepted: 08/15/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED ETHNOPHARMACOLGICAL RELEVANCE: The aerial parts of Saururus chinensis Baill. are used for the treatment of edema and inflammatory diseases in the Oriental folk medicine. AIM OF THE STUDY This study aimed to elucidate anti-inflammatory and related activities of the ethanol extract (SC) of the dried aerial parts of Saururus chinensis Baill. MATERIALS AND METHODS Anti-angiogenic and anti-nociceptive activities of SC were analyzed using the chick chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assay and acetic acid-induced writhing response, respectively. Anti-inflammatory activity of SC was evaluated using acetic acid-induced vascular permeability, carrageenan-induced air pouch formation and analyses of nitrite content and induced nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) level in the macrophage cells. RESULTS SC dose-dependently displayed a strong inhibition in the CAM angiogenesis. SC showed significant anti-nociceptive activity in the writhing model. The anti-inflammatory activity of SC was also assessed in the two in vivo models, such as vascular permeability and air pouch models in mice. SC suppressed production of nitric oxide and induction of iNOS and cyclooxygenase-2 in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages. CONCLUSION The aerial parts of Saururus chinensis possess potent anti-angiogenic and anti-nociceptive activities in addition to anti-inflammatory activity, which partly supports its therapeutic efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Jung Yoo
- College of Pharmacy, Sookmyung Women's University, Cheongpa-dong, Yonsan-ku, Seoul 140-742, Republic of Korea
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