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Subtype of Neuroblastoma Cells with High KIT Expression Are Dependent on KIT and Its Knockdown Induces Compensatory Activation of Pro-Survival Signaling. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23147724. [PMID: 35887076 PMCID: PMC9324519 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23147724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroblastoma (NB) is a pediatric cancer with high clinical and molecular heterogeneity, and patients with high-risk tumors have limited treatment options. Receptor tyrosine kinase KIT has been identified as a potential marker of high-risk NB and a promising target for NB treatment. We investigated 19,145 tumor RNA expression and molecular pathway activation profiles for 20 cancer types and detected relatively high levels of KIT expression in NB. Increased KIT expression was associated with activation of cell survival pathways, downregulated apoptosis induction, and cell cycle checkpoint control pathways. KIT knockdown with shRNA encoded by lentiviral vectors in SH-SY5Y cells led to reduced cell proliferation and apoptosis induction up to 50%. Our data suggest that apoptosis induction was caused by mitotic catastrophe, and there was a 2-fold decrease in percentage of G2-M cell cycle phase after KIT knockdown. We found that KIT knockdown in NB cells leads to strong upregulation of other pro-survival growth factor signaling cascades such as EPO, NGF, IL-6, and IGF-1 pathways. NGF, IGF-1 and EPO were able to increase cell proliferation in KIT-depleted cells in an ERK1/2-dependent manner. Overall, we show that KIT is a promising therapeutic target in NB, although such therapy efficiency could be impeded by growth factor signaling activation.
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Suzuki T. [Research on Analysis of Final Diagnosis and Prognostic Factors, and Development of New Therapeutic Drugs for Malignant Tumors (Especially Malignant Pediatric Tumors)]. YAKUGAKU ZASSHI 2020; 140:229-271. [PMID: 32009046 DOI: 10.1248/yakushi.19-00178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Outcomes of treatment for malignant pediatric tumors including leukemia are improving by conventional multimodal treatment with strong chemotherapy, surgical resection, radiotherapy, and bone marrow transplantation. However, patients with advanced neuroblastoma, metastatic Ewing's sarcoma family of tumor (ESFT), and metastatic osteosarcoma continue to have an extremely poor prognosis. Therefore novel therapeutic strategies are urgently needed to improve their survival. Apoptotic cell death is a key mechanism for normal cellular homeostasis. Intact apoptotic mechanisms are pivotal for embryonic development, tissue remodeling, immune regulation, and tumor regression. Genetic aberrations disrupting programmed cell death often underpin tumorigenesis and drug resistance. Moreover, it has been suggested that apoptosis or cell differentiation proceeds to spontaneous regression in early stage neuroblastoma. Therefore apoptosis or cell differentiation is a critical event in this cancer. We extracted many compounds from natural plants (Angelica keiskei, Alpinia officiarum, Lycaria puchury-major, Brassica rapa) or synthesized cyclophane pyridine, indirubin derivatives, vitamin K3 derivatives, burchellin derivatives, and GANT61, and examined their effects on apoptosis, cell differentiation, and cell cycle in neuroblastoma and ESFT cell lines compared with normal cells. Some compounds were very effective against these tumor cells. These results suggest that they may be applicable as an efficacious and safe drug for the treatment of malignant pediatric tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Suzuki
- Laboratory of Clinical Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Nihon University
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Wang HB, Li T, Ma DZ, Zhi H. ERα36 gene silencing promotes tau protein phosphorylation, inhibits cell proliferation, and induces apoptosis in human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells. FASEB J 2018; 32:fj201701386. [PMID: 29932870 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201701386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Neuroblastoma is the most common cancer in infants and the third most common cancer in children after leukemia and brain cancer. The purpose of our study was to investigate the effects of estrogen receptor (ER)-α36 gene silencing on tau protein phosphorylation, cell proliferation, and cell apoptosis in human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells. SH-SY5Y cells were treated with estrogen or left untreated, to investigate the effects of estrogen stimulation on ERα36 and the ERK/protein B kinase (AKT) signaling pathway. ERα36 mRNA expressions were detected by quantitative RT-PCR. A phosphatase kit was used to test protein phosphatase (PP)-2A activity before and after treatment. Western blot analysis was conducted to detect protein expression of ERα36; tau protein; phosphorylated- tau (p-tau) at site Thr231 [p-tau (Thr231)]; glycogen synthase kinase (GSK)3β and its specificity sites (Tyr216 and Ser9); Cyclin Dl; proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA); B-cell lymphoma (Bcl)-2; and Bcl-2-associated X protein (Bax). A cell-counting kit (CCK)-8 assay was used to determine cell viability. Cell apoptosis and rate of tumor growth and volume were determined by Annexin V-FITC/PI staining and a xenotransplanted tumor model in nude mice. Results show that without estrogen stimulation, ERα36 was inactivated. When stimulated by estrogen, expression of ERα36, PP2A, p-GSK3β (Ser9)/total protein ( t)-GSK3β, Cyclin Dl, PCNA, and Bcl-2 were up-regulated, and p-GSK3β (Tyr216)/ t-GSK3β expression was down-regulated, as was p-tau (Thr231) and Bax expression. The expression of p-ERK/ERK, p-AKT/AKT, p-methyl ethyl ketone (MEK)/MEK, and p-mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR)/mTOR expression was up-regulated, suggesting that the ERK/AKT signaling pathway is activated. Cell proliferation was also accelerated, whereas apoptosis was inhibited with stimulation by estrogen. However, we found that the effects of silencing ERα36 on the expression of related intracellular factors had no association with estrogen. Our study demonstrates that ERα36 gene silencing can inhibit the activation of the ERK/AKT signaling pathway, increase tau protein phosphorylation, decrease cell vitality and tumorigenicity, and promote apoptosis of human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells.-Wang, H.-B., Li, T., Ma, D.-Z., Zhi, H. ERα36 gene silencing promotes tau protein phosphorylation, inhibits cell proliferation, and induces apoptosis in human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Bin Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan, China
| | - Tao Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan, China
| | - Dong-Zhou Ma
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan, China
| | - Hua Zhi
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan, China
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Lebedev TD, Spirin PV, Orlova NN, Prokofjeva MM, Prassolov VS. Comparative analysis of gene expression: Targeted antitumor therapy in neuroblastoma cell lines. Mol Biol 2015. [DOI: 10.1134/s0026893315050222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Molecular mechanisms of growth and progression of malignant neoplasms. Mol Biol 2015. [DOI: 10.1134/s0026893315050179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Stachowicz-Stencel T, Synakiewicz A, Owczarzak A, Aleksandrowicz-Wrona E, Sliwinska A, Lysiak-Szydlowska W, Balcerska A. The antioxidant status and response to therapy in children with soft tissue sarcomas and neuroblastoma. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2011; 57:561-8. [PMID: 21298774 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.23014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2010] [Accepted: 12/09/2010] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Antioxidant systems in cells maintain the proper homeostasis of reactive oxygen species, which at high concentrations can induce carcinogenesis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the serum levels of ischemia-modified albumin (IMA), erythrocyte superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) as markers for prognosis in children with neuroblastoma (NB) and soft tissue sarcomas (STS), two cancer types for which reliable prognostic factors are needed. PROCEDURE SOD, GSH-Px, and IMA were measured before and during responses to therapy assessment in 99 children with NB and STS and in 30 healthy controls. RESULTS There were no statistically significant differences in the erythrocyte SOD and GSH-Px activities between the patients with cancer and healthy controls. The levels of IMA in patients with STS and NB were found to be significantly higher than in the controls (P = 0.0013; P = 0.0066, and 0.0164, respectively). Decreased activities of SOD and GSH-Px were found in all patients with poor-responding (PRS) cancers and decreased SOD activity was found in patients with PRS NB. An increase in GSH-Px was observed in patients with good-responding (GR) NB. All patients with GR cancers demonstrated higher SOD and GSH-Px activities than patients with PRS cancers. CONCLUSIONS While determining the levels of specific antioxidants as antioxidant-barrier parameters in children with cancer may be valuable in predicting therapeutic responses as well as outcomes, additional studies are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Stachowicz-Stencel
- Department of Pediatrics, Hematology, Oncology and Endocrinology, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland.
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Hypoxia effects on proangiogenic factors in human umbilical vein endothelial cells: functional role of the peptide somatostatin. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2011; 383:593-612. [DOI: 10.1007/s00210-011-0625-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2010] [Accepted: 03/23/2011] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Reevaluation of trkA expression as a biological marker of neuroblastoma by high-sensitivity expression analysis--a study of 106 primary neuroblastomas treated in a single institute. J Pediatr Surg 2010; 45:2293-8. [PMID: 21129533 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2010.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2010] [Accepted: 08/12/2010] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/PURPOSE It has previously been shown that neuroblastomas with favorable prognosis often express a high level of nerve growth factor receptor trkA. We performed an expression analysis of trkA in 106 NB samples based on the quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and reevaluated the prognostic power of trkA. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 106 primary tumors from NB patients treated from 1988 to 2009 were analyzed. MYCN was amplified in 13 cases. TaqMan probe method was used for quantitative PCR. Primers and probes were designed to detect trkA I and trkA II, but not the oncogenic splice variant trkA III. RESULTS Expression analysis by real-time PCR revealed a wide range of expression levels of trkA within neuroblastoma tissues. Extremely low levels of trkA that were undetectable by semiquantitative PCR were able to be quantified by this method. trkA was predominantly expressed in tumors with favorable outcome. Further analysis of trkA expression was performed in a cohort excluding mass-screened neuroblastomas. Strikingly, multivariate analysis containing age, MYCN status, and trkA expression identified trkA as the only variable that independently predicts the prognosis of the 44 patients who presented clinically. CONCLUSION High-resolution expression analysis targeting trkA and trkA II may add more statistical power on trkA as a biological marker.
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Fechete R, Barth S, Olender T, Munteanu A, Bernthaler A, Inger A, Perco P, Lukas A, Lancet D, Cinatl J, Michaelis M, Mayer B. Synthetic lethal hubs associated with vincristine resistant neuroblastoma. MOLECULAR BIOSYSTEMS 2010; 7:200-14. [PMID: 21031175 DOI: 10.1039/c0mb00082e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Chemotherapy of cancer experiences a number of shortcomings including development of drug resistance. This fact also holds true for neuroblastoma utilizing chemotherapeutics as vincristine. We performed a comparative analysis of molecular and cellular mechanisms associated with vincristine resistance utilizing cell line as well as human tissue data. Differential gene expression analysis revealed molecular features, processes and pathways afflicted with drug resistance mechanisms in general, and specifically with vincristine significantly involving actin associated features. However, specific mode of resistance as well as underlying genotype of parental, vincristine sensitive cells apparently exhibited significant heterogeneity. No consensus profile for vincristine resistance could be derived, but resistance-associated changes on the level of individual neuroblastoma cell lines as well as individual patient profiles became clearly evident. Based on these prerequisites we utilized the concept of synthetic lethality aimed at identifying hub proteins which when inhibited promise to induce cell death due to a synthetic lethal interaction with down-regulated, chemoresistance associated features. Our screening procedure identified synthetic lethal hub proteins afflicted with actin associated processes holding synthetic lethal interactions to down-regulated features individually found in all chemoresistant cell lines tested, therefore promising an improved therapeutic window. Verification of such synthetic lethal hub candidates in human neuroblastoma tissue expression profiles indicated the feasibility of this screening approach for addressing vincristine resistance in neuroblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raul Fechete
- Emergentec Biodevelopment GmbH, Gersthofer Strasse 29-31, 1180 Vienna, Austria
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Xiaoyuan C, Longbang C, Jinghua W, Xiaoxiang G, Huaicheng G, Qun Z, Haizhu S. Survivin: a potential prognostic marker and chemoradiotherapeutic target for colorectal cancer. Ir J Med Sci 2009; 179:327-35. [PMID: 19921309 DOI: 10.1007/s11845-009-0448-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2009] [Accepted: 10/22/2009] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of our study was to explore the expression of survivin gene in colorectal cancer (CRC) and its possibility as a molecular target for CRC chemoradiotherapy. MATERIALS AND METHODS Immunohistochemistry was performed to detect the expression of survivin in 68 CRC specimens. The correlations between survivin expression and clinicopathological factors and prognosis were evaluated. RNA interference was employed to downregulate survivin expression. The effects of survivin downregulation on chemoradiotherapy of CRC cells were evaluated. RESULTS The staining of survivin protein was strongly positive in the cytoplasm of CRC cells. Its expression was significantly correlated with tumor differentiation, Duke's stage, lymph node metastasis. Moreover, the elevated survivin expression was an independent factor for predicting the prognosis of CRC patients. Survivin downregulation could also enhance chemosensitivity or radiosensitivity of colorectal cells. CONCLUSIONS Survivin might be an independent prognostic factor and a potential target for the chemoradiotherapy of CRC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Xiaoyuan
- Department of Oncology, Nanjing General Hospital of PLA, 210002, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
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Noguera R, Fredlund E, Piqueras M, Pietras A, Beckman S, Navarro S, Pahlman S. HIF-1 and HIF-2 Are Differentially Regulated In vivo in Neuroblastoma: High HIF-1 Correlates Negatively to Advanced Clinical Stage and Tumor Vascularization. Clin Cancer Res 2009; 15:7130-6. [DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-09-0223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Jakovljević G, Culić S, Stepan J, Bonevski A, Seiwerth S. Vascular endothelial growth factor in children with neuroblastoma: a retrospective analysis. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2009; 28:143. [PMID: 19895696 PMCID: PMC2779806 DOI: 10.1186/1756-9966-28-143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2009] [Accepted: 11/06/2009] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Background Despite aggressive therapy, advanced stage neuroblastoma patients have poor survival rates. Although angiogenesis correlates with advanced tumour stage and plays an important role in determining the tumour response to treatment in general, clinical data are still insufficient, and more clinical evaluations are needed to draw conclusions. The aim of this study was to evaluate vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression in patients with neuroblastoma, determine whether it correlates with other prognostic factors and/or therapeutic response, and to assess should VEGF be considered in a routine diagnostic workup. Materials and methods VEGF expression was determined by immunohistochemistry using anti-VEGF antibody in paraffin embedded primary tumour tissue from 56 neuroblastoma patients. Semiquantitative expression of VEGF was estimated and compared with gender, age, histology, disease stage, therapy, and survival. Statistical analyses, including multivariate analysis, were performed. Results VEGF expression correlated with disease stage and survival in neuroblastoma patients. Combination of VEGF expression and disease stage as a single prognostic value for survival (P-value = 0.0034; odds ratio (OR) (95%CI) = 26.17 (2.97-230.27) exhibited greater correlation with survival than individually. Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation significantly improved survival of the advanced stage patients with high VEGF expression. Conclusion VEGF expression should be considered in a routine diagnostic workup of children with neuroblastoma, especially in those more than 18 months old and with advanced disease stage. High VEGF expression at the time of disease diagnosis is a bad risk prognostic factor, and can be used to characterize subsets of patients with an unfavourable outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gordana Jakovljević
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Pediatric Clinic, Children's Clinical Hospital Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia.
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