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Huber RJ, Kim WD. Trafficking of adhesion and aggregation-modulating proteins during the early stages of Dictyostelium development. Cell Signal 2024; 121:111292. [PMID: 38986731 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2024.111292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
The social amoeba Dictyostelium discoideum has been studied for close to a century to better understand conserved cellular and developmental processes. The life cycle of this model eukaryote is composed of a unicellular growth phase and a multicellular developmental phase that is induced by starvation. When starved, individual cells undergo chemotactic aggregation to form multicellular mounds that develop into slugs. Terminal differentiation of cells within slugs forms fruiting bodies, each composed of a stalk that supports a mass of viable spores that germinate and restart the life cycle when nutrients become available. Calcium-dependent cell adhesion protein A (CadA) and countin (CtnA) are two proteins that regulate adhesion and aggregation, respectively, during the early stages of D. discoideum development. While the functions of these proteins have been well-studied, the mechanisms regulating their trafficking are not fully understood. In this study, we reveal pathways and cellular components that regulate the intracellular and extracellular amounts of CadA and CtnA during aggregation. During growth and starvation, CtnA localizes to cytoplasmic vesicles and punctae. We show that CtnA is glycosylated and this post-translational modification is required for its secretion. Upon autophagy induction, a signal peptide for secretion facilitates the release of CtnA from cells via a pathway involving the μ subunit of the AP3 complex (Apm3) and the WASP and SCAR homolog, WshA. Additionally, CtnA secretion is negatively regulated by the D. discoideum orthologs of the human non-selective cation channel mucolipin-1 (Mcln) and sorting receptor sortilin (Sort1). As for CadA, it localizes to the cell periphery in growth-phase and starved cells. The intracellular and extracellular amounts of CadA are modulated by autophagy genes (atg1, atg9), Apm3, WshA, and Mcln. We integrate these data with previously published findings to generate a comprehensive model summarizing the trafficking of CadA and CtnA in D. discoideum. Overall, this study enhances our understanding of protein trafficking during D. discoideum aggregation, and more broadly, provides insight into the multiple pathways that regulate protein trafficking and secretion in all eukaryotes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert J Huber
- Department of Biology, Trent University, Peterborough, Ontario, Canada.
| | - William D Kim
- Environmental and Life Sciences Graduate Program, Trent University, Peterborough, Ontario, Canada
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2
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Phan V, Hathazi D, Preuße C, Czech A, Freier E, Shema G, Zahedi RP, Roos A. Molecular mechanisms in chloroquine-exposed muscle cells elucidated by combined proteomic and microscopic studies. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 2023; 49:e12877. [PMID: 36633103 DOI: 10.1111/nan.12877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Chloroquine (CQ) is an antimalarial drug with a growing number of applications as recently demonstrated in attempts to treat Covid-19. For decades, it has been well known that skeletal and cardiac muscle cells might display vulnerability against CQ exposure resulting in the clinical manifestation of a CQ-induced myopathy. In line with the known effect of CQ on inhibition of the lysosomal function and thus cellular protein clearance, the build-up of autophagic vacuoles along with protein aggregates is a histological hallmark of the disease. Given that protein targets of the perturbed proteostasis are still not fully discovered, we applied different proteomic and immunological-based studies to improve the current understanding of the biochemical nature of CQ-myopathy. METHODS To gain a comprehensive understanding of the molecular pathogenesis of this acquired myopathy and to define proteins targets as well as pathophysiological processes beyond impaired proteolysis, utilising CQ-treated C2C12 cells and muscle biopsies derived from CQ-myopathy patients, we performed different proteomic approaches and Coherent Anti-Stokes Raman Scattering (CARS) microscopy, in addition to immunohistochemical studies. RESULTS Our combined studies confirmed an impact of CQ-exposure on proper protein processing/folding and clearance, highlighted changes in the interactome of p62, a known aggregation marker and hereby identified the Rett syndrome protein MeCP2 as being affected. Moreover, our approach revealed-among others-a vulnerability of the extracellular matrix, cytoskeleton and lipid homeostasis. CONCLUSION We demonstrated that CQ exposure (secondarily) impacts biological processes beyond lysosomal function and linked a variety of proteins with known roles in the manifestation of other neuromuscular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vietxuan Phan
- Leibniz Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften -ISAS- e.V., Dortmund, Germany
| | - Denisa Hathazi
- Leibniz Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften -ISAS- e.V., Dortmund, Germany.,Department of Clinical Neurosciences, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Corinna Preuße
- Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Neuropathology, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Neurology with Institute for Translational Neurology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Artur Czech
- Leibniz Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften -ISAS- e.V., Dortmund, Germany
| | - Erik Freier
- Leibniz Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften -ISAS- e.V., Dortmund, Germany
| | - Gerta Shema
- Leibniz Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften -ISAS- e.V., Dortmund, Germany
| | - René P Zahedi
- Leibniz Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften -ISAS- e.V., Dortmund, Germany.,Manitoba Centre for Proteomics and Systems Biology, Department of Internal Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, CancerCare Manitoba Research Institute, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Andreas Roos
- Department of Neuropediatrics, Developmental Neurology and Social Pediatrics, Centre for Neuromuscular Disorders in Children, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.,Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
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Cumming BM, Goldring JPD. Monocyte phagocytosis of malaria β-haematin in the presence of artemisinin, amodiaquine, chloroquine, doxycycline, primaquine, pyrimethamine and quinine. Exp Parasitol 2018; 197:93-102. [PMID: 30562480 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2018.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Revised: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The intraerythrocytic malaria parasite digests haemoglobin to provide amino acids for metabolism and releases toxic haem that is sequestered into haemozoin, a non-toxic, insoluble, crystalline pigment. Following erythrocyte rupture, haemozoin is released into circulation and phagocytosed by monocytes. Phagocytosed haemozoin and antimalarial drugs have both been reported to modulate monocyte functions. This study determined the effects of therapeutic concentrations of seven antimalarial drugs; amodiaquine, artemisinin, chloroquine, doxycycline, primaquine, pyrimethamine and quinine, on the phagocytosis of β-haematin (synthetic haemozoin) by two monocytic cell lines, J774A.1 and U937, and human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. A novel spectrophotometric method based on the absorbance (O.D 400 nm) of alkali/SDS treated monocytes containing β-haematin was developed to complement counting phagocytosis with microscopy. The method has potential use for the large scale screening of monocyte phagocytic activity. Artemisinin, quinine, primaquine and pyrimethamine activated β-haematin phagocytosis by 12% or more, whereas amodiaquine, chloroquine and doxycyline inhibited β-haematin phagocytosis. In contrast, antimalarial drugs had minimal inhibitory effects on the phagocytosis of latex beads with only quinine resulting in more than 20% inhibition. Antimalarial drugs appear to alter monocyte phagocytic activity which has implications for the treatment, pathogenicity and adjunct therapies for malaria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bridgette M Cumming
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg Campus, Private Bag X01, Scottsville, 3209, South Africa
| | - J P Dean Goldring
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg Campus, Private Bag X01, Scottsville, 3209, South Africa.
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Ahmed Abdi B, Lopez H, Karrar S, Renzoni E, Wells A, Tam A, Etomi O, Hsuan JJ, Martin GR, Shiwen X, Denton CP, Abraham D, Stratton R. Use of Patterned Collagen Coated Slides to Study Normal and Scleroderma Lung Fibroblast Migration. Sci Rep 2017; 7:2628. [PMID: 28572686 PMCID: PMC5453993 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-02621-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2017] [Accepted: 04/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a spreading fibrotic disease affecting the skin and internal organs. We aimed to model pathogenic fibroblast migration in SSc in order to identify enhancing factors, measure the effect of migrating cells on underlying extracellular matrix (ECM) and test possible therapeutic inhibitors. Novel patterned collagen substrates were used to investigate alignment and migration of skin and lung fibroblasts from SSc patients and healthy controls. Normal lung but not skin fibroblasts consistently elongated and aligned with underlying collagen and migrated dependent on PDGF or serum. SSc lung fibroblasts remained growth factor dependent, did not migrate more rapidly and were less restricted to alignment of the collagen. Multiple collagen proline and lysine-modifying enzymes were identified in SSc but not control fibroblast extracellular matrix preparations, indicating differential levels of ECM modification by the diseased cells. Profiling of migrating cells revealed a possible SCF/c-Kit paracrine mechanism contributing to migration via a subpopulation of cells. Heparin, which binds ligands including PDGF and SCF, and imatininib which blocks downstream tyrosine kinase receptors, both inhibited lung fibroblast migration individually but showed synergy in SSc cells. Pathologic lung fibroblasts from SSc patients modify ECM during migration but remain growth factor dependent and sensitive to inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahja Ahmed Abdi
- Centre for Rheumatology and Connective Tissue Disease, Royal Free Hospital Campus, University College Medical School, Rowland Hill Street, London, NW3 2PF, UK.
| | - Henry Lopez
- MuriGenics, Inc., 941 Railroad Avenue, Vallejo, CA, 94592, USA
| | - Sarah Karrar
- Centre for Rheumatology and Connective Tissue Disease, Royal Free Hospital Campus, University College Medical School, Rowland Hill Street, London, NW3 2PF, UK
| | - Elisabetta Renzoni
- Imperial College London, Royal Brompton Campus, Sydney Street, London, SW3 6NP, UK
| | - Athol Wells
- Imperial College London, Royal Brompton Campus, Sydney Street, London, SW3 6NP, UK
| | - Angela Tam
- Centre for Rheumatology and Connective Tissue Disease, Royal Free Hospital Campus, University College Medical School, Rowland Hill Street, London, NW3 2PF, UK
| | - Oseme Etomi
- Centre for Rheumatology and Connective Tissue Disease, Royal Free Hospital Campus, University College Medical School, Rowland Hill Street, London, NW3 2PF, UK
| | - J Justin Hsuan
- Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, Royal Free Hospital Campus, University College Medical School Rowland Hill Street, London, NW3 2PF, UK
| | - George R Martin
- MuriGenics, Inc., 941 Railroad Avenue, Vallejo, CA, 94592, USA
| | - Xu Shiwen
- Centre for Rheumatology and Connective Tissue Disease, Royal Free Hospital Campus, University College Medical School, Rowland Hill Street, London, NW3 2PF, UK
| | - Christopher P Denton
- Centre for Rheumatology and Connective Tissue Disease, Royal Free Hospital Campus, University College Medical School, Rowland Hill Street, London, NW3 2PF, UK
| | - David Abraham
- Centre for Rheumatology and Connective Tissue Disease, Royal Free Hospital Campus, University College Medical School, Rowland Hill Street, London, NW3 2PF, UK
| | - Richard Stratton
- Centre for Rheumatology and Connective Tissue Disease, Royal Free Hospital Campus, University College Medical School, Rowland Hill Street, London, NW3 2PF, UK
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pH Alkalinization by Chloroquine Suppresses Pathogenic Burkholderia Type 6 Secretion System 1 and Multinucleated Giant Cells. Infect Immun 2016; 85:IAI.00586-16. [PMID: 27799332 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00586-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2016] [Accepted: 10/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Burkholderia mallei and B. pseudomallei cause glanders and melioidosis, respectively, in humans and animals. A hallmark of pathogenesis is the formation of granulomas containing multinucleated giant cells (MNGCs) and cell death. These processes depend on type 6 secretion system 1 (T6SS-1), which is required for virulence in animals. We examined the cell biology of MNGC formation and cell death. We found that chloroquine diphosphate (CLQ), an antimalarial drug, inhibits Burkholderia growth, phagosomal escape, and subsequent MNGC formation. This depends on CLQ's ability to neutralize the acid pH because other alkalinizing compounds similarly inhibit escape and MNGC formation. CLQ inhibits bacterial virulence protein expression because T6SS-1 and some effectors of type 3 secretion system 3 (T3SS-3), which is also required for virulence, are expressed at acid pH. We show that acid pH upregulates the expression of Hcp1 of T6SS-1 and TssM, a protein coregulated with T6SS-1. Finally, we demonstrate that CLQ treatment of Burkholderia-infected Madagascar hissing cockroaches (HCs) increases their survival. This study highlights the multiple mechanisms by which CLQ inhibits growth and virulence and suggests that CLQ be further tested and considered, in conjunction with antibiotic use, for the treatment of diseases caused by Burkholderia.
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Kuuliala K, Kuuliala A, Koivuniemi R, Oksanen S, Hämäläinen M, Moilanen E, Kautiainen H, Leirisalo-Repo M, Repo H. Constitutive STAT3 Phosphorylation in Circulating CD4+ T Lymphocytes Associates with Disease Activity and Treatment Response in Recent-Onset Rheumatoid Arthritis. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0137385. [PMID: 26353115 PMCID: PMC4564221 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0137385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2015] [Accepted: 08/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to examine constitutive signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) phosphorylation in circulating leukocytes as a candidate biomarker in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). 25 patients with recent-onset, untreated RA provided samples for whole blood flow cytometric determination of intracellular STAT3 phosphorylation, expressed as relative fluorescence units. The occurrence of constitutive STAT3 phosphorylation was evaluated by determining proportion of STAT3-phosphorylated cells among different leukocyte subtypes. Plasma levels of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-17 and IL-21 were measured by immunoassay, radiographs of hands and feet were examined and disease activity score (DAS28) was determined. Biomarkers were restudied and treatment response (according to European League Against Rheumatism) was determined after 12 months of treatment with disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs. At baseline, constitutive phosphorylation of STAT3 occurred in CD4+ T cells of 14 (56%) patients, CD8+ T cells of 13 (52%) patients, in CD19+ B cells of 7 (28%) patients, and in CD14+ monocytes of 12 (48%) patients. STAT3 phosphorylation levels of CD4+ T cells associated with DAS28, and those of all leukocyte subtypes studied associated with erosive disease. The presence of constitutive STAT3 phosphorylation in CD4+ T lymphocytes, pSTAT3 fluorescence intensity of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels at baseline associated with good treatment response. In conclusion, constitutive STAT3 phosphorylation in circulating CD4+ T cells is common in recent-onset untreated RA and associates with good treatment response in patients characterized by high disease activity and the presence of systemic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krista Kuuliala
- Bacteriology and Immunology, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Antti Kuuliala
- Bacteriology and Immunology, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Riitta Koivuniemi
- Rheumatology, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Suvi Oksanen
- Bacteriology and Immunology, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mari Hämäläinen
- Immunopharmacology Research Group, University of Tampere School of Medicine and Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Eeva Moilanen
- Immunopharmacology Research Group, University of Tampere School of Medicine and Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Hannu Kautiainen
- Primary Health Care, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; General Practice, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Unit of Primary Health Care, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Marjatta Leirisalo-Repo
- Bacteriology and Immunology, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Rheumatology, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Heikki Repo
- Bacteriology and Immunology, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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Oral bioavailability, therapeutic efficacy and reactive oxygen species scavenging properties of coenzyme Q10-loaded polymeric nanoparticles. Biomaterials 2011; 32:6860-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2011.05.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2011] [Accepted: 05/26/2011] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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Cell-permeable ceramides act as novel regulators of U937 cell–cell adhesion mediated by CD29, CD98, and CD147. Immunobiology 2010; 215:294-303. [DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2009.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2009] [Revised: 05/25/2009] [Accepted: 05/27/2009] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Kim BH, Cho JY. Regulatory Effect of Ginsenosides Rh1 on Monocytic U937 Cell Adhesion. J Ginseng Res 2009. [DOI: 10.5142/jgr.2009.33.4.324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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Kim BH, Cho JY. Effect of Ginsenoside Rb1 on Cell Adhesion, Surface Molecule Expression and Morphological Changes. J Ginseng Res 2009. [DOI: 10.5142/jgr.2009.33.4.330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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Hydroxychloroquine modulates metabolic activity and proliferation and induces autophagic cell death of human dermal fibroblasts. J Invest Dermatol 2009; 129:2419-26. [PMID: 19357706 DOI: 10.1038/jid.2009.80] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) is a commonly used therapeutic agent in skin disorders. Some reports also suggest that HCQ can be useful in fibroblastic diseases of the skin. Here, we investigated the effects of HCQ in human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs). HCQ significantly reduced the metabolic activity and suppressed cell proliferation (IC(50) = approximately 30 microM) of HDFs. The antiproliferative effect of HCQ was associated with decreased activation of the extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1/2 but not with inhibition of the mammalian target of the rapamycin pathway or with dephosphorylation of Akt. HCQ induced a distinct type of cell death in HDFs, characterized by surface exposure of phosphatidylserine but a lack of morphological signs of apoptosis and absence of DNA fragmentation. The HCQ-treated HDFs instead showed autophagic vacuoles with double membranes and digested organelle content. These vacuoles showed light-chain 3 immunostaining, in accordance with increased protein amounts of this autophagy marker. Induction of autophagic cell death by HCQ was also paralleled by increased expression of Beclin-1, a key regulator of autophagy. Our findings indicate that HDFs are target cells of HCQ and form a rationale on the basis of which the in vivo effects of antimalarials can be studied in patients with aberrant fibroblast function.
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