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Kuzikov AV, Filippova TA, Masamrekh RA, Shumyantseva VV. Electrochemical determination of (S)-7-hydroxywarfarin for analysis of CYP2C9 catalytic activity. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2021.115937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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Patel R, Barker J, ElShaer A. Pharmaceutical Excipients and Drug Metabolism: A Mini-Review. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E8224. [PMID: 33153099 PMCID: PMC7662502 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21218224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Conclusions from previously reported articles have revealed that many commonly used pharmaceutical excipients, known to be pharmacologically inert, show effects on drug transporters and/or metabolic enzymes. Thus, the pharmacokinetics (absorption, distribution, metabolism and elimination) of active pharmaceutical ingredients are possibly altered because of their transport and metabolism modulation from the incorporated excipients. The aim of this review is to present studies on the interaction of various commonly-used excipients on pre-systemic metabolism by CYP450 enzymes. Excipients such as surfactants, polymers, fatty acids and solvents are discussed. Based on all the reported outcomes, the most potent inhibitors were found to be surfactants and the least effective were organic solvents. However, there are many factors that can influence the inhibition of CYP450, for instance type of excipient, concentration of excipient, type of CYP450 isoenzyme, incubation condition, etc. Such evidence will be very useful in dosage form design, so that the right formulation can be designed to maximize drug bioavailability, especially for poorly bioavailable drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Amr ElShaer
- Drug Discovery, Delivery and Patient Care (DDDPC), School of Life Sciences, Pharmacy and Chemistry, Kingston University, Kingston upon Thames, Surrey KT1 2EE, UK; (R.P.); (J.B.)
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Tatsumi A, Inoue S, Hamaguchi T, Iwakawa S. The Effect of Ethanol on the Hydrolysis of Ester-Type Drugs by Human Serum Albumin. Biol Pharm Bull 2018; 41:277-280. [DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b17-00680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Akitoshi Tatsumi
- Educational Center for Clinical Pharmacy, Kobe Pharmaceutical University
| | - Sachiyo Inoue
- Educational Center for Clinical Pharmacy, Kobe Pharmaceutical University
| | - Tsuneo Hamaguchi
- Educational Center for Clinical Pharmacy, Kobe Pharmaceutical University
| | - Seigo Iwakawa
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Kobe Pharmaceutical University
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Thu OKF, Spigset O, Hellum B. Noncompetitive inhibition of human CYP2C9 in vitro by a commercial Rhodiola rosea product. Pharmacol Res Perspect 2017; 5. [PMID: 28805981 PMCID: PMC5684854 DOI: 10.1002/prp2.324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2017] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A commercial Rhodiola rosea (R. rosea) product has previously demonstrated CYP2C9 inhibition in humans. The purpose of this study was to provide in vitro inhibitory data for this particular interaction and to classify the mechanism of the interaction. Another aim was to examine the in vitro influence of ethanol on the CYP2C9 activity. Human CYP2C9 (wild type) isolated from a baculovirus‐infected cell system was incubated with 0.8 μmol/L losartan for 20 min. Sulfaphenazole was used as a positive control. The commercial R. rosea product “Arctic Root” was used as test inhibitor. Formation of the CYP2C9‐produced losartan metabolite EXP‐3174 was determined by validated LC‐MS/MS methodology. Possible mechanism‐based (irreversible) inhibition was evaluated using time‐ and NADPH‐dependent inhibition assays. Kinetic constants (Km, Vmax, and Ki) were calculated from a Lineweaver‐Burk plot. Mode of inhibition was determined. CYP2C9 was inhibited by “Arctic Root” with an IC50 (extract concentration yielding 50% reduction in enzyme activity) of 19.2 ± 2.7 μg/mL. Inhibitor concentrations of 20 μg/mL and 40 μg/mL yielded Ki values of 16.37 μg/mL and 5.59 μg/mL, respectively. The Lineweaver‐Burk plot showed noncompetitive inhibition mode. No time‐ or NADPH‐dependent inhibition was observed. The presence of ethanol inhibited CYP2C9 activity in a concentration‐dependent manner. In conclusion, the commercial R. rosea product “Arctic Root” demonstrated noncompetitive inhibition of CYP2C9 in vitro. Further work identifying the constituents responsible for this inhibition is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ole Kristian Forstrønen Thu
- Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
| | - Olav Spigset
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, St. Olav University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Children's and Women's Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
| | - Bent Hellum
- Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway.,Department of Clinical Pharmacology, St. Olav University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
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Barnaba C, Martinez MJ, Taylor E, Barden AO, Brozik JA. Single-Protein Tracking Reveals That NADPH Mediates the Insertion of Cytochrome P450 Reductase into a Biomimetic of the Endoplasmic Reticulum. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:5420-5430. [PMID: 28347139 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b00663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Cytochrome P450 reductase (CPR) is the redox partner for most human cytochrome P450 enzymes. It is also believed that CPR is an integral membrane protein exclusively. Herein, we report that, contrary to this belief, CPR can exist as a peripheral membrane protein in the absence of NADPH and will transition to an integral membrane protein in the presence of stoichiometric amounts of NADPH or greater. All experiments were performed in a solid-supported cushioned lipid bilayer that closely matched the chemical composition of the human endoplasmic reticulum and served as an ER biomimetic. The phase characteristics and fluidity of the ER biomimetic was characterized with fluorescence micrographs and temperature-dependent fluorescence recovery after photobleaching. The interactions of CPR with the ER biomimetic were directly observed by tracking single CPR molecules using time-lapse single-molecule fluorescence imaging and subsequent analysis of tracks. These studies revealed dramatic changes in diffusion coefficient and the degree of partitioning of CPR as a function of NADPH concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Barnaba
- Department of Chemistry, Washington State University , P.O. Box 644630, Pullman, Washington 99164-4630, United States
| | - Michael J Martinez
- Department of Chemistry, Washington State University , P.O. Box 644630, Pullman, Washington 99164-4630, United States
| | - Evan Taylor
- Department of Chemistry, Washington State University , P.O. Box 644630, Pullman, Washington 99164-4630, United States
| | - Adam O Barden
- Department of Chemistry, Washington State University , P.O. Box 644630, Pullman, Washington 99164-4630, United States
| | - James A Brozik
- Department of Chemistry, Washington State University , P.O. Box 644630, Pullman, Washington 99164-4630, United States
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Maslov D, Balashova E, Lokhov P, Archakov A. Pharmacometabonomics – the novel way to personalized drug therapy. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 63:115-123. [DOI: 10.18097/pbmc20176302115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The review is devoted to pharmacometabonomics - a new branch of science focused on personalization of drug therapy through the comprehensive analysis of metabolites of patient's biological fluids. It considers the history of pharmacometabonomic, positioning to other “-omic” sciences, and system approach, realized by this science, in determination of individual therapeutic dose of the drugs and also a technical implementation of pharmacometabonomic based on direct mass spectrometry of blood plasma metabolites. Special attention is paid to a comparative analysis of pharmacometabonomics and other main approaches to personalized therapy in the clinic, such as pharmacogenetics and therapeutic drug monitoring. Finally, prospects of pharmacometabonomics applications in clinical practice were also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- D.L. Maslov
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - P.G. Lokhov
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Moscow, Russia
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Llerena A, Alvarez M, Dorado P, González I, Peñas-LLedó E, Pérez B, Cobaleda J, Calzadilla LR. Interethnic differences in the relevance of CYP2C9 genotype and environmental factors for diclofenac metabolism in Hispanics from Cuba and Spain. THE PHARMACOGENOMICS JOURNAL 2013; 14:229-34. [DOI: 10.1038/tpj.2013.28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2013] [Revised: 05/24/2013] [Accepted: 07/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Dorado P, Beltrán LJ, Machín E, Peñas-Lledó EM, Terán E, Llerena A. Losartan hydroxylation phenotype in an Ecuadorian population: influence of CYP2C9 genetic polymorphism, habits and gender. Pharmacogenomics 2013; 13:1711-7. [PMID: 23171336 DOI: 10.2217/pgs.12.160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To describe for the first time CYP2C9 hydroxylation phenotype with CYP2C9 genotypes in a Hispanic (Ecuadorian) population using losartan; and the relevance of gender, tobacco, ethanol and caffeine consumption on the enzyme hydroxylation capacity. METHODS Ecuadorian healthy volunteers (n = 194) received a single oral dose of 25 mg losartan. Losartan metabolic ratio was defined as losartan:E3174 concentration. CYP2C9 alleles *2, *3, *4, *5 and *6 were analyzed. RESULTS No phenotypically poor metabolizers were found. The metabolic ratio (mean ± standard deviation) was higher (p < 0.05) in CYP2C9*1/*3 carriers (12.4 ± 13.8; n = 6) versus CYP2C9*1/*1 (4.9 ± 7.0; n = 167), as well as in females versus males (6.72 ± 9.72 and 3.76 ± 4.48, respectively; p < 0.05). Only the following genotypes, CYP2C9*1/*1, CYP2C9*1/*2 and CYP2C9*1/*3, were found with a frequency of 86.1%, 10.8% and 3.1%, respectively. CONCLUSION Despite the mean metabolic ratio being higher in this population than in others previously studied across genotypes, no poor metabolizers, either phenotypically or genotypically, were found.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Dorado
- CICAB Centro de Investigación Clínica, University of Extremadura, SES Servicio Extremeño de Salud, Hospital Universitario Infanta Cristina, 06080 Badajoz, Spain
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Esmerian MO, Mitri Z, Habbal MZ, Geryess E, Zaatari G, Alam S, Skouri HN, Mahfouz RA, Taher A, Zgheib NK. Influence ofCYP2C9andVKORC1Polymorphisms on Warfarin and Acenocoumarol in a Sample of Lebanese People. J Clin Pharmacol 2013; 51:1418-28. [DOI: 10.1177/0091270010382910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Fantuzzi A, Mak LH, Capria E, Dodhia V, Panicco P, Collins S, Gilardi G. A New Standardized Electrochemical Array for Drug Metabolic Profiling with Human Cytochromes P450. Anal Chem 2011; 83:3831-9. [DOI: 10.1021/ac200309q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Fantuzzi
- Division of Molecular Biosciences, Imperial College London, Biochemistry Building, South Kensington, London, SW7 2AY, United Kingdom
| | - Lok Hang Mak
- Division of Molecular Biosciences, Imperial College London, Biochemistry Building, South Kensington, London, SW7 2AY, United Kingdom
| | - Ennio Capria
- Division of Molecular Biosciences, Imperial College London, Biochemistry Building, South Kensington, London, SW7 2AY, United Kingdom
| | - Vikash Dodhia
- Division of Molecular Biosciences, Imperial College London, Biochemistry Building, South Kensington, London, SW7 2AY, United Kingdom
| | - Paola Panicco
- Division of Molecular Biosciences, Imperial College London, Biochemistry Building, South Kensington, London, SW7 2AY, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen Collins
- NanoBioDesign Ltd., Woodstock House, Winch Road, Kent Science Park, Sittingbourne, Kent, ME9 8EF, United Kingdom
| | - Gianfranco Gilardi
- Department of Human and Animal Biology, University of Torino, Via Accademia Albertina 13, Torino, Italy
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Panicco P, Dodhia VR, Fantuzzi A, Gilardi G. Enzyme-based amperometric platform to determine the polymorphic response in drug metabolism by cytochromes P450. Anal Chem 2011; 83:2179-86. [PMID: 21348440 DOI: 10.1021/ac200119b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
"Personalized medicine" is a new concept in health care, one aspect of which defines the specificity and dosage of drugs according to effectiveness and safety for each patient. Dosage strongly depends from the rate of metabolism which is primarily regulated by the activity of cytochrome P450. In addition to the need for a genetic characterization of the patients, there is also the necessity to determine the drug-clearance properties of the polymorphic P450 enzyme. To address this issue, human P450 2D6 and 2C9 were engineered and covalently linked to an electrode surface allowing fast, accurate, and reliable measurements of the kinetic parameters of these phase-1 drug metabolizing polymorphic enzymes. In particular, the catalytic activity of P450 2C9 on the electrode surface was found to be improved when expressed from a gene-fusion with flavodoxin from Desulfovibrio vulgaris (2C9/FLD). The results are validated using marker drugs for these enzymes, bufuralol for 2D6, and warfarin for 2C9/FLD. The platform is able to measure the same small differences in K(M), and it allows a fast and reproducible mean to generated the product identified by HPLC from which the k(cat) is calculated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Panicco
- Division of Molecular Biosciences, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London SW7 2AZ, UK
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