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Liu G, Zhao Z, Shen M, Zhao X, Xie J, He X, Li C. A Review of Traditional Uses, Phytochemistry, and Pharmacological Properties of the Genus Saururus. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2020; 48:47-76. [PMID: 31964158 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x20500032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The genus Saururus, belonging to Saururaceae, contains two species, S. cernuus L. and S. chinensis (Lour) Baill. with common utilization in traditional medicine from Asia to North America for the treatment of edema, beriberi, jaundice, leucorrhea, urinary tract infections, hypertension, hepatitis diseases, and tumors. An extensive review of literature was made on traditional uses, phytochemistry, and ethnopharmacology of Saururus using ethno-botanical books, published articles, and electronic databases. The 147 of chemical constituents have been isolated and identified from S. cernuus and S. chinensis, and lignans, flavonoids, alkaloids, anthraquinones, saponins, and phenols are the major constituents. Various pharmacological investigations in many in vitro and in vivo models have revealed the potential of the genus Saururus with anti-inflammatory, antitumor, anti-oxidant, hepatoprotective, antimelanogenic, lipid-lowering, and bone protective activities, supporting the rationale behind numerous of its traditional uses. Due to the noteworthy pharmacological properties, Saururus can be a better option for new drug discovery. Data regarding many aspects of this plant such as toxicology, pharmacokinetics, quality-control measures, and the clinical value of the active compounds is still limited which call for additional studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangxin Liu
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, National Engineering Laboratory for Resource, Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest of China, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710062, P. R. China
| | - Zefeng Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Northwest University, 229 Taibai Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, P. R. China
| | - Meilun Shen
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, National Engineering Laboratory for Resource, Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest of China, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710062, P. R. China
| | - Xue Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Northwest University, 229 Taibai Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, P. R. China
| | - Jing Xie
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Northwest University, 229 Taibai Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, P. R. China
| | - Xirui He
- Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 76 Nanguo Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710054, P. R. China
| | - Cuiqin Li
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, National Engineering Laboratory for Resource, Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest of China, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710062, P. R. China
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Hasan UH, Uttra AM, Qasim S, Ikram J, Saleem M, Niazi ZR. Phytochemicals targeting matrix metalloproteinases regulating tissue degradation in inflammation and rheumatoid arthritis. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 66:153134. [PMID: 31812101 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2019.153134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Revised: 10/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Matrix metalloproteinases, zinc dependent proteolytic enzymes, have significant implications in extracellular matrix degradation associated with tissue damage in inflammation and Rheumatoid arthritis. Numerous orchestrated pathways affects instigation and blockade of metalloproteinases as well as various factors that increase the expression of MMPs including inflammatory cytokines, hormones and growth factors. Direct inhibition of these proteolytic enzymes or modulation of these pathways can provide protection against tissue destruction in inflammation and rheumatoid arthritis. Inclination towards use of plant derived phytochemicals to prevent tissue damage has been increasing day by day. Diversity of phytochemicals have been known to directly inhibit metalloproteinases. Hence, thorough knowledge of phytochemicals is very important in novel drug discovery. METHODS Present communication evaluates various classes of phytochemicals, in effort to unveil the lead molecules as potential therapeutic agents, for prevention of MMPs mediated tissue damage in inflammation and rheumatoid arthritis. Data have been analyzed through different search engines. RESULTS Numerous phytochemicals have been studied for their role as MMPs inhibitors which can be processed further to develop into useful drugs for the treatment of inflammation and rheumatoid arthritis. CONCLUSION In search of new drugs, phytochemicals like flavonoids, glycosides, alkaloids, lignans & terpenes offer a wide canvas to develop into valuable forthcoming medicaments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umme Habiba Hasan
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research and Integrative Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
| | - Ambreen Malik Uttra
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research and Integrative Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
| | - Sumera Qasim
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research and Integrative Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
| | - Javaria Ikram
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research and Integrative Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Saleem
- University College of Pharmacy, University of Punjab Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Zahid Rasul Niazi
- Department of Basic medical science, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gomal University, DI Khan, KPK, Pakistan
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Boye A, Yang Y, Asenso J, Wei W. Anti-fibro-hepatocarcinogenic Chinese herbal medicines: A mechanistic overview. JOURNAL OF COMPLEMENTARY MEDICINE RESEARCH 2016; 5:278-89. [PMID: 27366355 PMCID: PMC4927134 DOI: 10.5455/jice.20160530032814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2016] [Accepted: 05/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) is an integral component of complementary/alternative medicine and it is increasingly becoming the preferred therapeutic modality for the treatment of liver fibrosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) worldwide. Accordingly, the World Health Organization (WHO) has attested to the popularity and efficacy of indigenous herbal therapies including CHM as a first line of treatment for some diseases including liver disorders. However, the WHO and drug discovery experts have always recommended that use of indigenous herbal remedies must go hand-in-hand with the requisite mechanistic elucidation so as to constitute a system of verification of efficacy within the ethnobotanical context of use. Although many CHM experts have advanced knowledge on CHM, nonetheless, more enlightenment is needed, particularly mechanisms of action of CHMs on fibro-hepato-carcinogenesis. We, herein, provide in-depth mechanisms of the action of CHMs which have demonstrated anti-fibro-hepatocarcinogenic effects, in pre-clinical and clinical studies as published in PubMed and other major scientific databases. Specifically, the review brings out the important signaling pathways, and their downstream targets which are modulated at multi-level by various anti-fibro-hepatocarcinogenic CHMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Boye
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, School of Allied Health Sciences, College of Health and Allied Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Natural Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Yan Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Natural Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - James Asenso
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Wei Wei
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
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Hong M, Li S, Tan HY, Wang N, Tsao SW, Feng Y. Current Status of Herbal Medicines in Chronic Liver Disease Therapy: The Biological Effects, Molecular Targets and Future Prospects. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:28705-45. [PMID: 26633388 PMCID: PMC4691073 DOI: 10.3390/ijms161226126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2015] [Revised: 11/25/2015] [Accepted: 11/25/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic liver dysfunction or injury is a serious health problem worldwide. Chronic liver disease involves a wide range of liver pathologies that include fatty liver, hepatitis, fibrosis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. The efficiency of current synthetic agents in treating chronic liver disease is not satisfactory and they have undesirable side effects. Thereby, numerous medicinal herbs and phytochemicals have been investigated as complementary and alternative treatments for chronic liver diseases. Since some herbal products have already been used for the management of liver diseases in some countries or regions, a systematic review on these herbal medicines for chronic liver disease is urgently needed. Herein, we conducted a review describing the potential role, pharmacological studies and molecular mechanisms of several commonly used medicinal herbs and phytochemicals for chronic liver diseases treatment. Their potential toxicity and side effects were also discussed. Several herbal formulae and their biological effects in chronic liver disease treatment as well as the underlying molecular mechanisms are also summarized in this paper. This review article is a comprehensive and systematic analysis of our current knowledge of the conventional medicinal herbs and phytochemicals in treating chronic liver diseases and on the potential pitfalls which need to be addressed in future study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Hong
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Sha Li
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Hor Yue Tan
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Ning Wang
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Sai-Wah Tsao
- Department of Anatomy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Yibin Feng
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
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Peng X, Zhang Q, Zeng Y, Li J, Wang L, Ai P. Evodiamine inhibits the migration and invasion of nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells in vitro via repressing MMP-2 expression. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2015; 76:1173-84. [PMID: 26546460 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-015-2902-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2015] [Accepted: 11/02/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Evodiamine is one of active alkaloids isolated from the traditional Chinese medicine Evodia rutaecarpa Bentham and has various pharmacological properties. In this study, we investigated its effects on the migration, invasion, and associated mechanism in human nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) cells. METHODS Cell viability was determined by MTT assay after evodiamine treatment. Wound-healing assay and Boyden transwell system were used to evaluate the inhibitory effects of evodiamine on cell migration and invasion. MMP-2/9 activity was determined using commercial detection kits. The levels of associated proteins involved in the regulation of cell migration and invasion were analyzed by Western blotting. RESULTS Evodiamine effectively inhibited the migration and invasion of HONE1 and CNE1 cells, and hardly affected cell proliferation, but significantly suppressed cell adhesion activity in vitro. Additionally, evodiamine treatment significantly decreased mRNA and protein levels of MMP-2 and its activity in the NPC cells, but had little effects on MMP-9 mRNA and protein levels and its activity. Further investigation revealed that evodiamine inhibited the translocation of NF-κB p65, which involves the regulation of MMP-2 expression in cancer invasion. Additionally, evodiamine treatment did not significantly affect the protein levels of JNK, p38, Akt, and their phosphorylated forms and ERK1/2, but strongly attenuated ERK1/2 phosphorylation level, which at least partly accounts for the signal pathway of evodiamine-inhibited migration and invasion of NPC cells. CONCLUSION These findings demonstrate that evodiamine inhibits the migration and invasiveness of NPC cells, and it is probably a potential agent for the treatment of NPC invasion and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianbing Peng
- Otorhinolaryngologieal Department, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, 442000, Hubei Province, China
| | - Qun Zhang
- Otorhinolaryngologieal Department, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, 442000, Hubei Province, China.
| | - Yi Zeng
- Otorhinolaryngologieal Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Jin Li
- Otorhinolaryngologieal Department, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, 442000, Hubei Province, China
| | - Lixin Wang
- Otorhinolaryngologieal Department, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, 442000, Hubei Province, China
| | - Ping Ai
- Otorhinolaryngologieal Department, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, 442000, Hubei Province, China
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Zhuang T, Li F, Huang LR, Liang JY, Qu W. Secondary Metabolites from the Plants of the Family Saururaceae and Their Biological Properties. Chem Biodivers 2015; 12:194-220. [DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.201300342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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LIU ZHAOJIE, LU HONG, LIU RONG, CHEN BIN, WANG SHAN, MA JUNCHAO, FU JIANJIANG. The dineolignan from Saururus chinensis, manassantin B, inhibits tumor-induced angiogenesis via downregulation of matrix metalloproteinases 9 in human endothelial cells. Oncol Rep 2014; 32:659-67. [DOI: 10.3892/or.2014.3244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2014] [Accepted: 03/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Anti-inflammatory activities of inotilone from Phellinus linteus through the inhibition of MMP-9, NF-κB, and MAPK activation in vitro and in vivo. PLoS One 2012; 7:e35922. [PMID: 22590514 PMCID: PMC3348146 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0035922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2011] [Accepted: 03/23/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Inotilone was isolated from Phellinus linteus. The anti-inflammatory effects of inotilone were studied by using lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated mouse macrophage RAW264.7 cells and λ-carrageenan (Carr)-induced hind mouse paw edema model. Inotilone was tested for its ability to reduce nitric oxide (NO) production, and the inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression. Inotilone was tested in the inhibitor of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) [extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase (ERK), c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK), p38], and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), matrix-metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 protein expressions in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. When RAW264.7 macrophages were treated with inotilone together with LPS, a significant concentration-dependent inhibition of NO production was detected. Western blotting revealed that inotilone blocked the protein expression of iNOS, NF-κB, and MMP-9 in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages, significantly. Inotilone also inhibited LPS-induced ERK, JNK, and p38 phosphorylation. In in vivo tests, inotilone decreased the paw edema at the 4th and the 5th h after Carr administration, and it increased the activities of catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx). We also demonstrated that inotilone significantly attenuated the malondialdehyde (MDA) level in the edema paw at the 5th h after Carr injection. Inotilone decreased the NO and tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α) levels on serum at the 5th h after Carr injection. Western blotting revealed that inotilone decreased Carr-induced iNOS, cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), NF-κB, and MMP-9 expressions at the 5th h in the edema paw. An intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection treatment with inotilone diminished neutrophil infiltration into sites of inflammation, as did indomethacin (Indo). The anti-inflammatory activities of inotilone might be related to decrease the levels of MDA, iNOS, COX-2, NF-κB, and MMP-9 and increase the activities of CAT, SOD, and GPx in the paw edema through the suppression of TNF-α and NO. This study presents the potential utilization of inotilone, as a lead for the development of anti-inflammatory drugs.
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Lu Y, Suh SJ, Kwak CH, Kwon KM, Seo CS, Li Y, Jin Y, Li X, Hwang SL, Kwon O, Chang YC, Park YG, Park SS, Son JK, Kim CH, Chang HW. Saucerneol F, a new lignan, inhibits iNOS expression via MAPKs, NF-κB and AP-1 inactivation in LPS-induced RAW264.7 cells. Int Immunopharmacol 2012; 12:175-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2011.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2011] [Revised: 11/18/2011] [Accepted: 11/22/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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