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Wang Y, Yu D, Zhu S, Du X, Wang X. The genus Dioscorea L. (Dioscoreaceae), a review of traditional uses, phytochemistry, pharmacology, and toxicity. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 329:118069. [PMID: 38552992 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.118069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The genus Dioscorea, a member of the Dioscoreaceae family, comprises approximately 600 species and is widely distributed across temperate and tropical regions such as Asia, South Africa, and North America. The traditional medicinal uses of Dioscorea have been documented in Asian and African pharmacological systems. In Asia, this genus is traditionally used to treat respiratory illnesses, rheumatism, diabetes, diarrhea, dysentery, and other conditions. In Africa, this genus has been used to treat human immunodeficiency virus and ring worms. However, the traditional medicinal practices in North America rarely mention the use of this genus. AIM OF THE STUDY The aim of this review is to comprehensively review the genus Dioscorea, focusing on its traditional uses, phytochemical constituents, pharmacological activities, and potential toxicities. The research also aims to highlight the valuable bioactive compounds within Dioscorea and emphasize the need for further investigations into acute and chronic toxicity, activity mechanisms, molecular markers, and other relevant factors to contribute to the discovery of novel pharmaceuticals. MATERIALS AND METHODS A search for available information on Dioscorea was conducted using scientific databases, including PubMed, ISI-WOS, Scopus, and Google Scholar, as well as recent academic publications from reputable publishers and other literature sources. The search was not limited by language and spanned the literature published between 1950 and 2022. RESULTS This article provides a comprehensive review of the Dioscorea genus, focusing on its traditional uses, phytochemical constituents, pharmacological activities, and potential toxicities. Extensive research has been conducted on this genus, resulting in the isolation and examination of over 1000 compounds, including steroids, terpenoids, and flavonoids, to determine their biological activities. These activities include anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, neuroprotective, hypoglycemic, and hypolipidemic effects. However, some studies have indicated the potential toxicity of high doses of Dioscorea, highlighting the need for further investigations to assess the safety of this genus. Additionally, this review explores potential avenues for future research and discusses the challenges associated with a comprehensive understanding of the Dioscorea genus. CONCLUSIONS Based on the existing literature, it can be concluded that Dioscorea is a valuable source of bioactive compounds that have the potential to treat various disorders. Future research should prioritize the investigation of acute and chronic toxicity, activity mechanisms, molecular markers, and other relevant factors. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of the Dioscorea genus, emphasizing its potential to enable a deeper exploration of the biological activity mechanisms of these plants and contribute to the discovery of novel pharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufei Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150040, China
| | - Dan Yu
- School of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150040, China
| | - Shaojie Zhu
- School of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150040, China
| | - Xiaowei Du
- School of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150040, China.
| | - Xijun Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150040, China.
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Wang F, Liang L, Yu M, Wang W, Badar IH, Bao Y, Zhu K, Li Y, Shafi S, Li D, Diao Y, Efferth T, Xue Z, Hua X. Advances in antitumor activity and mechanism of natural steroidal saponins: A review of advances, challenges, and future prospects. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 128:155432. [PMID: 38518645 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2024.155432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/24/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer, the second leading cause of death worldwide following cardiovascular diseases, presents a formidable challenge in clinical settings due to the extensive toxic side effects associated with primary chemotherapy drugs employed for cancer treatment. Furthermore, the emergence of drug resistance against specific chemotherapeutic agents has further complicated the situation. Consequently, there exists an urgent imperative to investigate novel anticancer drugs. Steroidal saponins, a class of natural compounds, have demonstrated notable antitumor efficacy. Nonetheless, their translation into clinical applications has remained unrealized thus far. In light of this, we conducted a comprehensive systematic review elucidating the antitumor activity, underlying mechanisms, and inherent limitations of steroidal saponins. Additionally, we propose a series of strategic approaches and recommendations to augment the antitumor potential of steroidal saponin compounds, thereby offering prospective insights for their eventual clinical implementation. PURPOSE This review summarizes steroidal saponins' antitumor activity, mechanisms, and limitations. METHODS The data included in this review are sourced from authoritative databases such as PubMed, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, and others. RESULTS A comprehensive summary of over 40 steroidal saponin compounds with proven antitumor activity, including their applicable tumor types and structural characteristics, has been compiled. These steroidal saponins can be primarily classified into five categories: spirostanol, isospirostanol, furostanol, steroidal alkaloids, and cholestanol. The isospirostanol and cholestanol saponins are found to have more potent antitumor activity. The primary antitumor mechanisms of these saponins include tumor cell apoptosis, autophagy induction, inhibition of tumor migration, overcoming drug resistance, and cell cycle arrest. However, steroidal saponins have limitations, such as higher cytotoxicity and lower bioavailability. Furthermore, strategies to address these drawbacks have been proposed. CONCLUSION In summary, isospirostanol and cholestanol steroidal saponins demonstrate notable antitumor activity and different structural categories of steroidal saponins exhibit variations in their antitumor signaling pathways. However, the clinical application of steroidal saponins in cancer treatment still faces limitations, and further research and development are necessary to advance their potential in tumor therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengge Wang
- College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150040, PR China; Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150040, PR China
| | - Lu Liang
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, the State & NMPA Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, PR, PR China
| | - Ma Yu
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, 59 Qinglong Road, Mianyang, 621010, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Wenjie Wang
- College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150040, PR China; Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150040, PR China
| | - Iftikhar Hussain Badar
- College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150030, PR China; Department of Meat Science and Technology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Yongping Bao
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UQ, United Kingdom
| | - Kai Zhu
- College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150040, PR China; Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150040, PR China
| | - Yanlin Li
- College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150040, PR China; Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150040, PR China
| | - Saba Shafi
- College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150040, PR China; Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150040, PR China
| | - Dangdang Li
- College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150040, PR China; Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150040, PR China
| | - Yongchao Diao
- College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150040, PR China; Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150040, PR China
| | - Thomas Efferth
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz 55128, Germany.
| | - Zheyong Xue
- College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150040, PR China; Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150040, PR China.
| | - Xin Hua
- College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150040, PR China; Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150040, PR China.
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Yang L, Liu YN, Gu Y, Guo Q. Deltonin enhances gastric carcinoma cell apoptosis and chemosensitivity to cisplatin via inhibiting PI3K/AKT/mTOR and MAPK signaling. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2023; 15:1739-1755. [PMID: 37969408 PMCID: PMC10631430 DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v15.i10.1739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND As an active ingredient derived from Dioscorea zingiberensis C.H. Wright, deltonin has been reported to show anti-cancer effects in a variety of malignancies. AIM To investigate the role and mechanism of action of deltonin in promoting gastric carcinoma (GC) cell apoptosis and chemosensitivity to cisplatin. METHODS The GC cell lines AGS, HGC-27, and MKN-45 were treated with deltonin and then subjected to flow cytometry and 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-3,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assays for cell apoptosis and viability determination. Western blot analysis was conducted to examine alterations in the expression of apoptosis-related proteins (Bax, Bid, Bad, and Fas), DNA repair-associated proteins (Rad51 and MDM2), and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B/mammalian target of the rapamycin (PI3K/AKT/mTOR) and p38-mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) axis proteins. Additionally, the influence of deltonin on GC cell chemosensitivity to cisplatin was evaluated both in vitro and in vivo. RESULTS Deltonin treatment weakened viability, enhanced apoptosis, and dampened DNA repair in GC cell lines in a dose-dependent pattern. Furthermore, deltonin mitigated PI3K, AKT, mTOR, and p38-MAPK phosphorylation. HS-173, an inhibitor of PI3K, attenuated GC cell viability and abolished deltonin inhibition of GC cell viability and PI3K/AKT/mTOR and p38-MAPK pathway activation. Deltonin also promoted the chemosensitivity of GC cells to cisplatin via repressing GC cell proliferation and growth and accelerating apoptosis. CONCLUSION Deltonin can boost the chemosensitivity of GC cells to cisplatin via inactivating p38-MAPK and PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Yang
- Intensive Care Unit, Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Ya-Nan Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yi Gu
- Nursing Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Qi Guo
- Department of Radiotherapy, Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, Jiangsu Province, China
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Zhu X, Chen X, Wang G, Lei D, Chen X, Lin K, Li M, Lin H, Li D, Zheng Q. Picropodophyllin Inhibits the Proliferation of Human Prostate Cancer DU145 and LNCaP Cells <i>via</i> ROS Production and PI3K/AKT Pathway Inhibition. Biol Pharm Bull 2022; 45:1027-1035. [DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b21-01006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xuejie Zhu
- Yantai Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Tumor Metabolism, School of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Binzhou Medical University
| | - Xiaojie Chen
- Yantai Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Tumor Metabolism, School of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Binzhou Medical University
| | - Guoli Wang
- Yantai Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Tumor Metabolism, School of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Binzhou Medical University
| | - Dan Lei
- Yantai Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Tumor Metabolism, School of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Binzhou Medical University
| | - Xiaoyu Chen
- Yantai Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Tumor Metabolism, School of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Binzhou Medical University
| | - Kehao Lin
- Yantai Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Tumor Metabolism, School of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Binzhou Medical University
| | - Minjing Li
- Yantai Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Tumor Metabolism, School of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Binzhou Medical University
| | - Haiyan Lin
- Yantai Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Tumor Metabolism, School of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Binzhou Medical University
| | - Defang Li
- Yantai Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Tumor Metabolism, School of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Binzhou Medical University
| | - Qiusheng Zheng
- Yantai Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Tumor Metabolism, School of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Binzhou Medical University
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Joshi BC, Juyal V, Sah AN, Verma P, Mukhija M. Review On Documented Medicinal Plants Used For The Treatment Of Cancer. CURRENT TRADITIONAL MEDICINE 2021. [DOI: 10.2174/2215083807666211011125110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Background:
Cancer is a frightful disease and it is the second leading cause of death worldwide. Naturally derived compounds are gaining interest of research workers as they have less toxic side effects as compared to currently used treatments such as chemotherapy. Plants are the pool of chemical compounds which provides a promising future for research on cancer.
Objective:
This review paper provides updated information gathered on medicinal plants and isolated phytoconstituents used as anticancer agents and summarises the plant extracts and their isolated chemical constituents exhibiting anticancer potential on clinical trials.
Methods:
An extensive bibliographic investigation was carried out by analysing worldwide established scientific databases like SCOPUS, PUBMED, SCIELO, ScienceDirect, Springerlink, Web of Science, Wiley, SciFinder and Google Scholar etc. In next few decades, herbal medicine may become a new epoch of medical system.
Results:
Many researches are going on medicinal plants for the treatment of cancer but it is a time to increase further experimental studies on plant extracts and their chemical constituents to find out their mechanism of action at molecular level.
Conclusion:
The article may help many researchers to start off further experimentation that might lead to the drugs for the cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhuwan Chandra Joshi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Technology, Kumaun University, Bhimtal Campus, Nainital-263136, India
| | - Vijay Juyal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Technology, Kumaun University, Bhimtal Campus, Nainital-263136, India
| | - Archana N. Sah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Technology, Kumaun University, Bhimtal Campus, Nainital-263136, India
| | - Piyush Verma
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical science and Technology, Sardar Bhagwan Singh University, Dehradun-248001, India
| | - Minky Mukhija
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ch. Devi Lal College of Pharmacy, Buria Road, Bhagwangarh, Jagadhri-135003, India
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Obidiegwu JE, Lyons JB, Chilaka CA. The Dioscorea Genus (Yam)-An Appraisal of Nutritional and Therapeutic Potentials. Foods 2020; 9:E1304. [PMID: 32947880 PMCID: PMC7555206 DOI: 10.3390/foods9091304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The quest for a food secure and safe world has led to continuous effort toward improvements of global food and health systems. While the developed countries seem to have these systems stabilized, some parts of the world still face enormous challenges. Yam (Dioscorea species) is an orphan crop, widely distributed globally; and has contributed enormously to food security especially in sub-Saharan Africa because of its role in providing nutritional benefits and income. Additionally, yam has non-nutritional components called bioactive compounds, which offer numerous health benefits ranging from prevention to treatment of degenerative diseases. Pharmaceutical application of diosgenin and dioscorin, among other compounds isolated from yam, has shown more prospects recently. Despite the benefits embedded in yam, reports on the nutritional and therapeutic potentials of yam have been fragmented and the diversity within the genus has led to much confusion. An overview of the nutritional and health importance of yam will harness the crop to meet its potential towards combating hunger and malnutrition, while improving global health. This review makes a conscious attempt to provide an overview regarding the nutritional, bioactive compositions and therapeutic potentials of yam diversity. Insights on how to increase its utilization for a greater impact are elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jude E. Obidiegwu
- National Root Crops Research Institute, Umudike, Km 8 Umuahia-Ikot Ekpene Road, P.M.B 7006 Umuahia, Abia State, Nigeria
| | - Jessica B. Lyons
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology and Innovative Genomics Institute, University of California, Berkeley, 142 Weill Hall #3200, Berkeley, CA 94720-3200, USA;
| | - Cynthia A. Chilaka
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Julius Maximilian University of Würzburg, Versbacher Straβe 9, 97078 Würzburg, Germany; or
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Retracted
: Syringic acid suppresses oral squamous cell carcinoma SCC131 cell proliferation via modulation of mitochondria‐mediated apoptosis signaling pathways. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2020; 34:e22586. [DOI: 10.1002/jbt.22586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Revised: 06/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Li X, Wang L, Liu H, Fu J, Zhen L, Li Y, Zhang Y, Zhang Y. C 60 Fullerenes Suppress Reactive Oxygen Species Toxicity Damage in Boar Sperm. NANO-MICRO LETTERS 2019; 11:104. [PMID: 34138040 PMCID: PMC7770955 DOI: 10.1007/s40820-019-0334-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
We report the carboxylated C60 improved the survival and quality of boar sperm during liquid storage at 4 °C and thus propose the use of carboxylated C60 as a novel antioxidant semen extender supplement. Our results demonstrated that the sperm treated with 2 μg mL-1 carboxylated C60 had higher motility than the control group (58.6% and 35.4%, respectively; P ˂ 0.05). Moreover, after incubation with carboxylated C60 for 10 days, acrosome integrity and mitochondrial activity of sperm increased by 18.1% and 34%, respectively, compared with that in the control group. Similarly, the antioxidation abilities and adenosine triphosphate levels in boar sperm treated with carboxylated C60 significantly increased (P ˂ 0.05) compared with those in the control group. The presence of carboxylated C60 in semen extender increases sperm motility probably by suppressing reactive oxygen species (ROS) toxicity damage. Interestingly, carboxylated C60 could protect boar sperm from oxidative stress and energy deficiency by inhibiting the ROS-induced protein dephosphorylation via the cAMP-PKA signaling pathway. In addition, the safety of carboxylated C60 as an alternative antioxidant was also comprehensively evaluated by assessing the mean litter size and number of live offspring in the carboxylated C60 treatment group. Our findings confirm carboxylated C60 as a novel antioxidant agent and suggest its use as a semen extender supplement for assisted reproductive technology in domestic animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinhong Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, People's Republic of China.
| | - Lirui Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Nano Biomedicine and Engineering, Shanghai Engineering Research Centre for Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment Instrument, Department of Instrument Science and Engineering, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Huan Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Jieli Fu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Linqing Zhen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuhua Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Yaozhong Zhang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, USA
| | - Yafei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Thin Film and Microfabrication (Ministry of Education), Department of Micro/Nano Electronics, School of Electronics, Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, People's Republic of China.
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Wong JH, Sze SCW, Ng TB, Cheung RCF, Tam C, Zhang KY, Dan X, Chan YS, Shing Cho WC, Ng CCW, Waye MMY, Liang W, Zhang J, Yang J, Ye X, Lin J, Ye X, Wang H, Liu F, Chan DW, Ngan HYS, Sha O, Li G, Tse R, Tse TF, Chan H. Apoptosis and Anti-cancer Drug Discovery: The Power of Medicinal Fungi and Plants. Curr Med Chem 2019; 25:5613-5630. [DOI: 10.2174/0929867324666170720165005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Revised: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 05/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this account is to review the compounds capable of eliciting
mitochondria-mediated apoptosis in cancer cells produced by medicinal fungi and plants.
The medicinal fungi discussed encompass Cordyceps, Ganoderma species, Coriolus versicolor
and Hypsizygus marmoreus. The medicinal plants discussed comprise Astragalus
complanatus, Dendrobium spp, Dioscorea spp, Glycyrrhiza spp, Panax notoginseng,
Panax ginseng, and Momordica charantia. These compounds have the potential of development
into anticancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack Ho Wong
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Stephen Cho Wing Sze
- School of Chinese Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Sassoon Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - Tzi Bun Ng
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Randy Chi Fai Cheung
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chit Tam
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kalin Yanbo Zhang
- School of Chinese Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Sassoon Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xiuli Dan
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yau Sang Chan
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - William Chi Shing Cho
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | | | - Mary Miu Yee Waye
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Weicheng Liang
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jinfang Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jie Yang
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Marine Enzyme Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, Fujian, China
| | - Xiuyun Ye
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Marine Enzyme Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, Fujian, China
| | - Juan Lin
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Marine Enzyme Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, Fujian, China
| | - Xiujuan Ye
- Key Laboratory of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, and Key Laboratory of Plant Virology of Fujian Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
| | - Hexiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology and Department of Microbiology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Fang Liu
- Department of Microbiology, College of Life Science, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - David Wai Chan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hextan Yuen Sheung Ngan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ou Sha
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Guohui Li
- Vita Green Pharmaceuticals (HK) Ltd, Vita Green Health Products (HK) Ltd Genning Partners Company Limited, and Hong Kong Institute of Medical Research, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ryan Tse
- Vita Green Pharmaceuticals (HK) Ltd, Vita Green Health Products (HK) Ltd Genning Partners Company Limited, and Hong Kong Institute of Medical Research, Hong Kong, China
| | - Tak Fu Tse
- Vita Green Pharmaceuticals (HK) Ltd, Vita Green Health Products (HK) Ltd Genning Partners Company Limited, and Hong Kong Institute of Medical Research, Hong Kong, China
| | - Helen Chan
- Vita Green Pharmaceuticals (HK) Ltd, Vita Green Health Products (HK) Ltd Genning Partners Company Limited, and Hong Kong Institute of Medical Research, Hong Kong, China
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Yang K, Gao ZY, Li TQ, Song W, Xiao W, Zheng J, Chen H, Chen GH, Zou HY. Anti-tumor activity and the mechanism of a green tea (Camellia sinensis) polysaccharide on prostate cancer. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 122:95-103. [PMID: 30342140 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.10.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Revised: 09/22/2018] [Accepted: 10/14/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a homogeneous polysaccharide (GTP), with a molecular weight of 7.0 × 104 Da, was isolated from Green tea, which was only composed of glucose. The antitumor effects of GTP on prostate cancer (PC) cell line along with the possible mechanism was examined. First, we investigate the potential role of microRNA-93 (miR-93) in PC progression. Our results showed that miR-93 was significantly upregulated in human PC tissues and several PC cell lines, and its overexpression was correlated with poor survival in PC patients. Furthermore, functional analysis showed that miR-93 overexpression promoted the migration, invasion and proliferation of PC-3 cells transfected with miR-93 mimics, while its knockdown displayed an opposite result in DU145 cells following miR-93 inhibitor transfection. Additionally, in vivo tumorigenic studies on nude mice confirmed that miR-93 mimic treatment accelerated the growth of PC-3 xenograft tumors. As expected, GTP (25, 50 and 100 μg/ml) inhibited growth of PC-3 cells via inducing apoptosis, which was achieved by elevation of bax/bcl-2 ratio and caspae-3 protein expression, as well as a decrease of miR-93. Thus, miR-93 may be a potential therapeutic target by GTP for PC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Yang
- Department of Urology, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, the First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410005, P.R. China
| | - Zhi-Yong Gao
- Department of Urology, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, the First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410005, P.R. China
| | - Tie-Qiu Li
- Department of Urology, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, the First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410005, P.R. China
| | - Wei Song
- Department of Urology, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, the First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410005, P.R. China
| | - Wei Xiao
- Department of Urology, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, the First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410005, P.R. China
| | - Jue Zheng
- Department of Urology, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, the First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410005, P.R. China
| | - Hao Chen
- Department of Urology, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, the First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410005, P.R. China
| | - Gui-Heng Chen
- Department of Urology, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, the First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410005, P.R. China
| | - Hao-Yu Zou
- Department of Surgery, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, the First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410005, P.R. China.
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11
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Fu J, Yang Q, Li Y, Li P, Wang L, Li X. A mechanism by which Astragalus polysaccharide protects against ROS toxicity through inhibiting the protein dephosphorylation of boar sperm preserved at 4 °C. J Cell Physiol 2018; 233:5267-5280. [PMID: 29231961 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.26321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Accepted: 12/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Numerous studies have shown that Astragalus polysaccharide (APS) has strong antioxidant effects and high practical value for preserving semen at low temperatures in vitro. However, to date, little attention has been paid to the precise mechanism of APS in sperm preservation at 4 °C. Thus, to gain further insight into the protective effects of APS, the present study was performed to assess the changes in sperm quality parameters, antioxidant capacity, ATP content, and protein phosphorylation levels. Here, we demonstrated that supplementation with APS could effectively preserve boar sperm quality parameters such as sperm motility, acrosome integrity, and mitochondrial membrane potential. Moreover, we found that the positive effects of APS on boar sperm quality were mainly due to the elimination of excessive mitochondrial ROS, the improvement of antioxidant capacities and the enhancement of ATP levels. Interestingly, by conducting a series of studies on protein phosphorylation, we also discovered that APS could protect boar sperm from oxidative stress and energy deficiency through inhibiting the protein dephosphorylation caused by ROS via the cAMP-PKA signaling pathway. To our knowledge, this is the first exploration of the molecular mechanism underlying the protective roles of APS toward ROS toxicity from the perspective of energy metabolism and protein modification. This study comprehensively provides novel insights into the action mechanism of the protective effects of antioxidants on sperm stored at 4 °C and reveals the practical feasibility of using APS as a boar semen extender supplement for assisted reproductive technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieli Fu
- Shanghai Key Lab of Veterinary Biotechnology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Qiangzhen Yang
- Shanghai Key Lab of Veterinary Biotechnology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Yuhua Li
- Shanghai Key Lab of Veterinary Biotechnology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Peifei Li
- Shanghai Key Lab of Veterinary Biotechnology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Lirui Wang
- Shanghai Key Lab of Veterinary Biotechnology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Xinhong Li
- Shanghai Key Lab of Veterinary Biotechnology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
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12
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Zhang P, Li Y, Du Y, Li G, Wang L, Zhou F. Resveratrol Ameliorated Vascular Calcification by Regulating Sirt-1 and Nrf2. Transplant Proc 2017; 48:3378-3386. [PMID: 27931585 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2016.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2016] [Accepted: 10/27/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Pathologic vascular calcification is a significant reason for mortality and morbidity in patients who suffer from end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Resveratrol, a scavenger for many free radicals, is a crucial compound for biomedicine. However, the role and mechanism of resveratrol in vascular calcification is still unknown. In this study, to mimic vascular calcification in ESRD, we used β-glyceophosphate to stimulate the rat vascular smooth muscle cells (RASMCs). We investigate the therapeutic role of resveratrol pretreatment in vascular calcification. In the current in vitro study, we observe the effects of resveratrol on improving intracellular calcium deposition and protecting against mitochondria dysfunction in calcific RASMCs. Resveratrol decreased the mRNA level of fibroblast growth factor-23, then increased the mRNA level of klotho and the nuclear transcription factor NF-E2-related factor 2 (nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 [Nrf2]) in RASMCs after calcification. Further, resveratrol activated the expression of sirtuin-1 and Nrf2, and inhibited the expression of osteopontin, runt-related transcription factor 2, and heme oxygenase-1. Our study shows that resveratrol could ameliorate oxidative injury of RASMCs by preventing vascular calcification-induced calcium deposition and mitochondria dysfunction through involving sirtuin-1 and Nrf2. These results might indicate a novel role for resveratrol in resistance to oxidative stress for ESRD patients suffering from vascular calcification.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Zhang
- Chongqing Medical University, The First College of Clinical Medicine, Clinical Medicine of Grade 2012, Chongqing, China; Department of Nephrology, University of Electronic Science and Technology, Sichuan Academy of Science & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Y Li
- Department of Nephrology, University of Electronic Science and Technology, Sichuan Academy of Science & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Y Du
- Department of Nephrology, University of Electronic Science and Technology, Sichuan Academy of Science & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - G Li
- Department of Nephrology, University of Electronic Science and Technology, Sichuan Academy of Science & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - L Wang
- Department of Nephrology, University of Electronic Science and Technology, Sichuan Academy of Science & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, China.
| | - F Zhou
- Chongqing Medical University, The First College of Clinical Medicine, Clinical Medicine of Grade 2012, Chongqing, China; Department of Emergency, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
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13
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Zhu T, Shen S, Lu Q, Ye X, Ding W, Chen R, Xie J, Zhu W, Xu J, Jia L, Wu W, Ma T. Design and synthesis of novel N()-substituted thiosemicarbazones bearing a pyrrole unit as potential anticancer agents. Oncol Lett 2017; 13:4493-4500. [PMID: 28599449 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.5995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2015] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
A series of N(4)-substituted thiosemicarbazones (TSCs) bearing pyrrole unit (1a-1e) were synthesized and fully characterized by elemental analyses, infrared spectra, 1H nuclear magnetic resonance and single crystal X-ray diffraction. The compounds were assessed as potential chemotherapeutic agents. All newly synthesized compounds were screened for their anticancer activity against lung cancer PC-9, esophageal cancer Eca-109 and gastric cancer SGC-7901 cell lines. The results of MTT, Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling and fluorescence-activated cell sorting assays indicated that all the prepared compounds exhibited cytotoxicity against PC-9, Eca-109 and SGC-7901 cells in vitro. All the compounds significantly induced cancer cell apoptosis accompanied by increasing the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio and activation of caspase-3. The structure-activity association was discussed and the potential pre-clinical trials may be conducted. The present findings have a great potential in biomedical applications of novel N(4)-substituted TSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taofeng Zhu
- Department of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, P.R. China.,Department of Respiratory Disease, The Affiliated Yixing Hospital of Jiangsu University, Yixing, Jiangsu 214200, P.R. China
| | - Shanshan Shen
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, P.R. China
| | - Qin Lu
- Department of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, P.R. China
| | - Xingpei Ye
- Department of Physics and Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo, Henan 454000, P.R. China
| | - Weiliang Ding
- Central Laboratory, The Affiliated Yixing Hospital of Jiangsu University, Yixing, Jiangsu 214200, P.R. China
| | - Ruhua Chen
- Department of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, P.R. China
| | - Jing Xie
- Department of Geriatrics, The Affiliated Yixing Hospital of Jiangsu University, Yixing, Jiangsu 214200, P.R. China
| | - Wenjiao Zhu
- Central Laboratory, The Affiliated Yixing Hospital of Jiangsu University, Yixing, Jiangsu 214200, P.R. China
| | - Jun Xu
- Department of Physics and Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo, Henan 454000, P.R. China
| | - Lei Jia
- Department of Physics and Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo, Henan 454000, P.R. China
| | - Weina Wu
- Department of Physics and Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo, Henan 454000, P.R. China
| | - Tieliang Ma
- Central Laboratory, The Affiliated Yixing Hospital of Jiangsu University, Yixing, Jiangsu 214200, P.R. China
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14
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Liang M, Liu J, Ji H, Chen M, Zhao Y, Li S, Zhang X, Li J. A Aconitum coreanum polysaccharide fraction induces apoptosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells via pituitary tumor transforming gene 1 (PTTG1)-mediated suppression of the P13K/Akt and activation of p38 MAPK signaling pathway and displays antitumor activity in vivo. Tumour Biol 2015; 36:7085-91. [DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-3420-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2015] [Accepted: 03/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
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15
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Tong Q, Zhao Q, Qing Y, Hu X, Jiang L, Wu X. Deltonin inhibits angiogenesis by regulating VEGFR2 and subsequent signaling pathways in endothelial cells. Steroids 2015; 96:30-6. [PMID: 25554580 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2014.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2014] [Revised: 10/08/2014] [Accepted: 12/18/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Deltonin is a steroidal saponin which could suppress tumor growth through suppressing angiogenesis, but the mechanisms have not been directly elucidated yet. In the present study, we showed that deltonin inhibited the proliferation of primary cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) in vitro; notably, it could significantly inhibit HUVECs migration, invasion, and tube formation, which are indispensable progresses of angiogenesis. We further demonstrated that deltonin could inhibit VEGF-induced blood vessel formation in vivo. What is more, we found that deltonin blocked VEGF triggered phosphorylation of key intracellular angiogenic molecules, such as VEGFR2, Src family kinase, focal adhesion kinase (FAK), extracellular signal-related kinase (Erk1/2) and AKT kinase, accompanied with the increase of phosphorylated P38MAPK. Taken together, the present study demonstrates that deltonin inhibits angiogenesis through regulating VEGFR2 signaling pathway as well as AKT/MAPK signaling pathways in endothelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingyi Tong
- Regenerative Medicine Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Qingbing Zhao
- Regenerative Medicine Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Yong Qing
- Department of Pharmacology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Xiaojuan Hu
- Department of Pharmacology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Lei Jiang
- Department of Pharmacology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Xiaohua Wu
- Regenerative Medicine Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China.
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16
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Dong J, Lei C, Lu D, Wang Y. Direct Biotransformation of Dioscin into Diosgenin in Rhizome of Dioscorea zingiberensis by Penicillium dioscin. Indian J Microbiol 2014; 55:200-6. [PMID: 25805907 DOI: 10.1007/s12088-014-0507-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2014] [Accepted: 10/31/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Diosgenin is an important precursor for synthesis of more than 200 steroidal hormone medicines. Rhizome of Dioscorea zingiberensis C. H. Wright (RDZ) contained the highest content of diosgenin in Dioscorea plant species. Diosgenin is traditionally extracted by acid hydrolysis from RDZ. However, the acid hydrolysis process produces massive wastewater which caused serious environment pollution. In this study, diosgenin extraction by direct biotransformation with Penicillium dioscin was investigated. The spawn cultivation conditions were optimized as: Czapeks liquid culture medium without sugar and agar (1,000 ml) + 6.0 g dioscin/6.0 g DL, 30 °C, 36 h; solid fermentation of RDZ: mycelia/RDZ of 0.05 g/kg, 30 °C, 50 h; the yield of diosgenin was over 90 %. Spawn cultivation was crucial for the direct biotransformation. In the spawn cultivation, amount and ratio of dioscin/DL were the key factors to promote biotransformation activity of P. dioscin. This biotransformation method was environment-friendly, simple and energy saving, and might be a potential substitute for acid hydrolysis in diosgenin extraction industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingzhou Dong
- Key Laboratory of Biologic Resources Protection and Utilization of Hubei Province, College of Forestry and Horticulture, Hubei Minzu University, 445000 Enshi, China ; Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 510650 Guangzhou, China
| | - Can Lei
- Key Laboratory of Biologic Resources Protection and Utilization of Hubei Province, College of Forestry and Horticulture, Hubei Minzu University, 445000 Enshi, China
| | - Dayan Lu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 510650 Guangzhou, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 510650 Guangzhou, China
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17
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Determination of deltonin in rat plasma by using HPLC-MS/MS and the application of this method in pharmacokinetic studies. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2013; 931:1-5. [PMID: 23747424 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2013.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2012] [Revised: 05/03/2013] [Accepted: 05/07/2013] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Deltonin is a naturally occurring spirostanol glycoside from Dioscorea zingiberensis C.H. Wright, which is used in traditional Chinese medicine. It exerts strong cytotoxic effect on C26 cells, inhibits C26 derived-tumor growth, and prolongs the survival of tumor-bearing mice after its oral administration, indicating its potential for use as an anti-tumor drug. To investigate the pharmacokinetic profiles of deltonin, a rapid, sensitive, and simplified high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) assay was developed and validated for the determination of deltonin in rat plasma. After acetonitrile-mediated plasma protein precipitation, chromatographic separation of deltonin was achieved using a reversed phase Hypersil Gold column (150mm×2.1mm, 5μm), with gradient elution using 0.1% formic acid and acetonitrile. Thereafter, deltonin was quantified using MS/MS with electrospray ionization (ESI) in positive multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode. The flow rate of the mobile phase was 200μL/min, and the retention time was 9.03min for deltonin and 6.31min for the internal standard (IS: 20(S)-ginsenoside Rb1). The linear range of the calibration curve was 2-5000ng/mL (r(2)>0.99), and the limit of detection (LOD) was 0.46ng/mL. The intra- and inter-day accuracies ranged from -2.8% to 11.1% and precisions (RSD) were within 13.1%. Deltonin was found to be stable under short-term temperature conditions, post-preparative temperature conditions, and after 3 freeze-thaw cycles conditions. The validated method was successfully applied to a pharmacokinetic study in rats after oral administration of deltonin (50 and 100mg/kg). The pharmacokinetics is characterized by high apparent clearance (CL/F) and apparent volume of distribution (Vd/F).
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18
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Zhang S, He Y, Tong Q, Chen Q, Wu X, Huang W. Deltonin induces apoptosis in MDA‑MB‑231 human breast cancer cells via reactive oxygen species‑mediated mitochondrial dysfunction and ERK/AKT signaling pathways. Mol Med Rep 2013; 7:1038-44. [PMID: 23314115 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2013.1273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2012] [Accepted: 12/28/2012] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Deltonin, a steroidal saponin isolated from Dioscorea zingiberensis Wright, exhibits high cytotoxic activity in cancer cells. In the present study, the effects of deltonin on cell proliferation and apoptosis were evaluated in the MDA‑MB‑231 human breast carcinoma cell line. Following treatment with deltonin, the viability of MDA‑MB‑231 cells was analyzed using MTT assay and apoptosis, mitochondrial membrane potential (∆Ψm) alternation and intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation was determined by flow cytometry. In addition, western blot analysis was performed to examine the expression of apoptosis‑associated proteins. The results demonstrated that deltonin induced apoptosis in MDA‑MB‑231 cells in a time‑ and concentration‑dependent manner. Apoptosis was associated with depolarization of ∆Ψm and time‑dependent ROS generation. Deltonin treatment also resulted in Bax upregulation, Bcl-2 downregulation, activation of caspase‑3 and ‑8 and poly (ADP ribose) polymerase cleavage. Decreased levels of phosphorylated extracellular signal‑regulated kinase (ERK) and phosphorylated AKT were also observed. Results indicate that the proliferation inhibitory effect of deltonin is associated with its apoptosis‑inducing effect, which may correlate with ROS‑mediated mitochondrial dysfunction as well as activation of the ERK/AKT signaling pathways. Therefore, deltonin may be a potential chemotherapeutic agent for the treatment of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyuan Zhang
- Laboratory of Ethnopharmacology, Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Institute for Nanobiomedical Technology and Membrane Biology, West China Hospital/Medical School, Sichuan University, Sichuan 610041, PR China
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Rohr UD, Li WW, Ziqiang H, Wainright W, Schindler AE. The effect of fermented soy (FSWW08) on blood hematology and cachexia in cancer patients. Horm Mol Biol Clin Investig 2012; 12:407-18. [PMID: 25436700 DOI: 10.1515/hmbci-2012-0028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2012] [Accepted: 08/30/2012] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Abstract In cancer patients, appetite and immune status are significantly weakened. Two experimental fermented formulations without (group A, named as FSWW08) and with (group B, FSWW08) an extract from yam root were investigated against a placebo formulation with casein (group C) in a clinical study conducted in six cancer hospitals where cancer patients underwent radio or chemotherapy (patients undergoing radiation therapy n=78, patients undergoing chemotherapy n=184, total 262). IgG and IgA were increased by formulation A in patients despite receiving radio- or chemotherapy. Group A experienced statistically significant increases in lymphocyte transformation rates, whereas group B and group C did not. Formulations A and B either inhibited or lessened statistically significant decreases in white blood counts, whereas the placebo group experienced substantial decreases. Hemoglobin and platelet decreases were inhibited in group A, although not statistically significantly. Patients in group A received no blood transfusions, whereas many patients from the placebo group received blood transfusions. Appetite loss was reduced in group A from 57.9% to 13.3% and in group B from 70% to 35.8%. In the placebo group, an increase in appetite loss was detected under chemo and radiation therapy from 41.8% to 70.9%.
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20
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Ma ZY, Qiao X, Xie CZ, Shao J, Xu JY, Qiang ZY, Lou JS. Activities of a novel Schiff Base copper(II) complex on growth inhibition and apoptosis induction toward MCF-7 human breast cancer cells via mitochondrial pathway. J Inorg Biochem 2012; 117:1-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2012.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2012] [Revised: 08/16/2012] [Accepted: 08/17/2012] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Huang B, Du D, Zhang R, Wu X, Xing Z, He Y, Huang W. Synthesis, characterization and biological studies of diosgenyl analogues. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2012; 22:7330-4. [PMID: 23153797 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2012.10.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2012] [Revised: 10/14/2012] [Accepted: 10/17/2012] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
A series of optical amino acid diosgenyl esters and diosgenyl salicylate conjugates were designed and synthesized to develop new anticancer and anti-inflammatory agents. The analogue 9c that contains an 6-aminohexanoic acid residue at C-3 of diosgenin exhibits higher potency against all three tumor cell lines with IC(50) values ranging from 4.7 μM in C26 cells to 14.6 μM in Hep G2 cells. In addition, seven of newly synthesized compounds significantly inhibit xylene-induced ear edema and exhibit comparable or better anti-inflammatory activities than those of diosgenin and aspirin. Furthermore, preliminary structure-activity relationship studies demonstrate that diosgenyl salicylate conjugates have stronger anti-inflammatory activities than amino acid diosgenyl esters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baozhan Huang
- Institute for Nanobiomedical Technology and Membrane Biology, and Laboratory of Ethnopharmacology, Regenerative Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital/West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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22
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Tong QY, He Y, Zhao QB, Qing Y, Huang W, Wu XH. Cytotoxicity and apoptosis-inducing effect of steroidal saponins from Dioscorea zingiberensis Wright against cancer cells. Steroids 2012; 77:1219-27. [PMID: 22575181 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2012.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2012] [Revised: 04/10/2012] [Accepted: 04/29/2012] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Steroidal saponins from Dioscorea zingiberensis Wright (DZW) have shown cytotoxic activity in cancer cells. In this study, we isolated and identified seven steroidal saponins from the rhizomes of DZW: diosgenin, trillin, diosgenin diglucoside, deltonin, zingiberensis saponin (ZS), protodeltonin and parvifloside. Our results showed that these seven compounds inhibited the proliferation of a panel of established human and murine cancer cell lines in vitro. ZS had more cytotoxic effect than the other saponins, even close to doxorubicin on the murine colon carcinoma cell line C26. The proliferation inhibitory effect of ZS was associated with its apoptosis-inducing effect by activation of caspase-3 and caspase-9 and specific proteolytic cleavage of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase. Exposure of C26 to ZS also resulted in Bax upregulation and Bcl-2 downregulation. In conclusion, the findings of this study demonstrated that ZS is an effective natural agent for cancer therapy, which may be mediated, in part, by induction of apoptosis, and DZW's potential as an anticancer agent is worth being further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Yi Tong
- Laboratory of Ethnopharmacology, Regenerative Medicine ResYarch Center, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Keyuan 4 Road No. 1,Gaopeng Avenue, Gaoxin District, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, PR China
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23
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Gupta SC, Hevia D, Patchva S, Park B, Koh W, Aggarwal BB. Upsides and downsides of reactive oxygen species for cancer: the roles of reactive oxygen species in tumorigenesis, prevention, and therapy. Antioxid Redox Signal 2012; 16:1295-322. [PMID: 22117137 PMCID: PMC3324815 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2011.4414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 505] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Extensive research during the last quarter century has revealed that reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced in the body, primarily by the mitochondria, play a major role in various cell-signaling pathways. Most risk factors associated with chronic diseases (e.g., cancer), such as stress, tobacco, environmental pollutants, radiation, viral infection, diet, and bacterial infection, interact with cells through the generation of ROS. RECENT ADVANCES ROS, in turn, activate various transcription factors (e.g., nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells [NF-κB], activator protein-1, hypoxia-inducible factor-1α, and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3), resulting in the expression of proteins that control inflammation, cellular transformation, tumor cell survival, tumor cell proliferation and invasion, angiogenesis, and metastasis. Paradoxically, ROS also control the expression of various tumor suppressor genes (p53, Rb, and PTEN). Similarly, γ-radiation and various chemotherapeutic agents used to treat cancer mediate their effects through the production of ROS. Interestingly, ROS have also been implicated in the chemopreventive and anti-tumor action of nutraceuticals derived from fruits, vegetables, spices, and other natural products used in traditional medicine. CRITICAL ISSUES These statements suggest both "upside" (cancer-suppressing) and "downside" (cancer-promoting) actions of the ROS. Thus, similar to tumor necrosis factor-α, inflammation, and NF-κB, ROS act as a double-edged sword. This paradox provides a great challenge for researchers whose aim is to exploit ROS stress for the development of cancer therapies. FUTURE DIRECTIONS the various mechanisms by which ROS mediate paradoxical effects are discussed in this article. The outstanding questions and future directions raised by our current understanding are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subash C Gupta
- Cytokine Research Laboratory, Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
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Liao XH, Chen GT, Li Y, Zhang L, Liu Q, Sun H, Guo H. Augmenter of liver regeneration attenuates tubular cell apoptosis in acute kidney injury in rats: the possible mechanisms. Ren Fail 2012; 34:590-9. [PMID: 22417144 DOI: 10.3109/0886022x.2012.664470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Augmenter of liver regeneration (ALR), the expression of which increased in rat kidneys after renal ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury, enhances renal tubular cell regeneration in vivo and in vitro. We aimed to investigate the effects of ALR on apoptosis of renal tubular cells after renal I/R injury in vivo and consider the possible mechanisms. Rats that were subjected to bilateral renal ischemia for 60 min followed by reperfusion were administered with either vehicle or recombinant human ALR (rhALR). Renal dysfunction and histologic injury were assessed by the measurement of serum biochemical markers and histological grading. Apoptosis was assessed by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP-biotin nick-end labeling (TUNEL). Caspase-3 activity was measured using a colorimetric protease assay. Expression of Bcl-2, Bax Fas, phosphorylated-Akt (p-Akt), and phosphorylated-p53 (p-p53) was determined by western blotting. Compared with vehicle-treated rats, renal dysfunction and histologic injury were significantly attenuated by administration of rhALR. The number of TUNEL-positive tubular cells and caspase-3 activity were decreased, Bcl-2 and p-Akt expression was up-regulated, and Bax and p-p53 expression was down-regulated by administration of rhALR. However, administration of rhALR had no effect on Fas protein expression. These results indicate that the protective effect of rhALR on renal I/R injury is associated with its anti-apoptotic action in renal tubular cells. RhALR inhibits apoptosis by increasing the ratio of Bcl-2 to Bax and by decreasing the activity of caspase-3. The activation of Akt and inactivation of p53 are involved in the rhALR anti-apoptosis process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-hui Liao
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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