1
|
Safety and Tolerability of Topical Ophthalmic Triamcinolone Acetonide-Loaded Liposomes Formulation and Evaluation of Its Biologic Activity in Patients with Diabetic Macular Edema. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13030322. [PMID: 33801366 PMCID: PMC7998140 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13030322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Intravitreal injections (IVTs) of corticosteroids as triamcinolone acetonide (TA) are frequently used for the treatment of many vitreous and retinal disorders. However, IVTs are related to severe ocular complications. Lately, a topical ophthalmic TA-loaded liposomes formulation (TALF) was designed to transport TA into the posterior segment of the eye when instilled on the ocular surface. To evaluate the safety, tolerability, and biological activity of TALF, an animal study and a phase I clinical assay were performed. Moreover, four patients with diabetic macular edema (DME) were treated with TALF in order to explore the biological activity of the formulation. No inflammation, lens opacity, swelling, or increase in intraocular pressure were recorded after the instillation of TALF in any of the animal or clinical studies. Mainly, mild and transient adverse events such as dry eye and burning were reported. TALF significantly improves visual acuity and diminishes central foveal thickness in patients with DME. The current data demonstrate the safety, tolerability, and biological activity of TALF. It seems that TALF can be used topically to treat vitreous and retinal diseases that respond to TA such as DME, avoiding the use of corticosteroid IVTs and their associated hazards.
Collapse
|
2
|
Kakkar S, Singh M, Mohan Karuppayil S, Raut JS, Giansanti F, Papucci L, Schiavone N, Nag TC, Gao N, Yu FSX, Ramzan M, Kaur IP. Lipo-PEG nano-ocular formulation successfully encapsulates hydrophilic fluconazole and traverses corneal and non-corneal path to reach posterior eye segment. J Drug Target 2021; 29:631-650. [PMID: 33410357 DOI: 10.1080/1061186x.2020.1871483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The present study describes a special lipid-polyethylene glycol matrix solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs; 138 nm; -2.07 mV) for ocular delivery. Success of this matrix to encapsulate (entrapment efficiency - 62.09%) a hydrophilic drug, fluconazole (FCZ-SLNs), with no burst release (67% release in 24 h) usually observed with most water-soluble drugs, is described presently. The system showed 164.64% higher flux than the marketed drops (Zocon®) through porcine cornea. Encapsulation within SLNs and slow release did not compromise efficacy of FCZ-SLNs. Latter showed in vitro and in vivo antifungal effects, including antibiofilm effects comparable to free FCZ solution. Developed system was safe and stable (even to sterilisation by autoclaving); and showed optimal viscosity, refractive index and osmotic pressure. These SLNs could reach up to retina following application as drops. The mechanism of transport via corneal and non-corneal transcellular pathways is described by fluorescent and TEM images of mice eye cross sections. Particles streamed through the vitreous, crossed inner limiting membrane and reached the outer retinal layers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shilpa Kakkar
- UGC-Centre of Advanced Study, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Mandeep Singh
- UGC-Centre of Advanced Study, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Sankunny Mohan Karuppayil
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, Center for Interdisciplinary Research, D. Y. Patil Educational Society, Kolhapur, India
| | - Jayant S Raut
- School of Life Sciences, SRTM University Nanded, Nanded, India
| | - Fabrizio Giansanti
- Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Eye Clinic, Florence, Italy
| | - Laura Papucci
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, Section of Experimental Pathology and Oncology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Nicola Schiavone
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, Section of Experimental Pathology and Oncology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - T C Nag
- Department of Anatomy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Nan Gao
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Anatomy/Cell Biology, Kresge Eye Institute, Kresge, MI, USA
| | - Fu-Shin X Yu
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Anatomy/Cell Biology, Kresge Eye Institute, Kresge, MI, USA
| | - Mohhammad Ramzan
- UGC-Centre of Advanced Study, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Indu Pal Kaur
- UGC-Centre of Advanced Study, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Bisht R, Mandal A, Jaiswal JK, Rupenthal ID. Nanocarrier mediated retinal drug delivery: overcoming ocular barriers to treat posterior eye diseases. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2017; 10. [DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2017] [Revised: 03/05/2017] [Accepted: 03/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rohit Bisht
- Buchanan Ocular Therapeutics Unit (BOTU), Department of Ophthalmology, New Zealand National Eye Center, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences; University of Auckland; Auckland New Zealand
| | - Abhirup Mandal
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy; University of Missouri-Kansas City; Kansas City MO USA
| | - Jagdish K. Jaiswal
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Center, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences; University of Auckland; Auckland New Zealand
| | - Ilva D. Rupenthal
- Buchanan Ocular Therapeutics Unit (BOTU), Department of Ophthalmology, New Zealand National Eye Center, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences; University of Auckland; Auckland New Zealand
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Cern A, Marcus D, Tropsha A, Barenholz Y, Goldblum A. New drug candidates for liposomal delivery identified by computer modeling of liposomes' remote loading and leakage. J Control Release 2017; 252:18-27. [PMID: 28215669 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2017.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Accepted: 02/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Remote drug loading into nano-liposomes is in most cases the best method for achieving high concentrations of active pharmaceutical ingredients (API) per nano-liposome that enable therapeutically viable API-loaded nano-liposomes, referred to as nano-drugs. This approach also enables controlled drug release. Recently, we constructed computational models to identify APIs that can achieve the desired high concentrations in nano-liposomes by remote loading. While those previous models included a broad spectrum of experimental conditions and dealt only with loading, here we reduced the scope to the molecular characteristics alone. We model and predict API suitability for nano-liposomal delivery by fixing the main experimental conditions: liposome lipid composition and size to be similar to those of Doxil® liposomes. On that basis, we add a prediction of drug leakage from the nano-liposomes during storage. The latter is critical for having pharmaceutically viable nano-drugs. The "load and leak" models were used to screen two large molecular databases in search of candidate APIs for delivery by nano-liposomes. The distribution of positive instances in both loading and leakage models was similar in the two databases screened. The screening process identified 667 molecules that were positives by both loading and leakage models (i.e., both high-loading and stable). Among them, 318 molecules received a high score in both properties and of these, 67 are FDA-approved drugs. This group of molecules, having diverse pharmacological activities, may be the basis for future liposomal drug development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ahuva Cern
- Laboratory of Membrane and Liposome Research, Department of Biochemistry, IMRIC, The Hebrew University - Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel; Molecular Modeling and Drug Design Laboratory, The Institute for Drug Research, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel.
| | - David Marcus
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SD, United Kingdom
| | - Alexander Tropsha
- The Laboratory for Molecular Modeling, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Yechezkel Barenholz
- Laboratory of Membrane and Liposome Research, Department of Biochemistry, IMRIC, The Hebrew University - Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel.
| | - Amiram Goldblum
- Molecular Modeling and Drug Design Laboratory, The Institute for Drug Research, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Tahara K, Tomida H, Ito Y, Tachikawa S, Onodera R, Tanaka H, Tozuka Y, Takeuchi H. Pulmonary liposomal formulations encapsulated procaterol hydrochloride by a remote loading method achieve sustained release and extended pharmacological effects. Int J Pharm 2016; 505:139-46. [PMID: 27012982 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2016.03.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2015] [Revised: 02/23/2016] [Accepted: 03/19/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Drug inhalation provides localized drug therapy for respiratory diseases. However, the therapeutic efficacy of inhaled drugs is limited by rapid clearance from the lungs. Small hydrophilic compounds have short half-lives to systemic absorption. We developed a liposomal formulation as a sustained-release strategy for pulmonary delivery of procaterol hydrochloride (PRO), a short-acting pulmonary β2-agonist for asthma treatment. After PRO-loaded liposomes were prepared using a pH gradient (remote loading) method, 100-nm liposomes improved residence times of PRO in the lungs. PRO encapsulation efficiency and release profiles were examined by screening several liposomal formulations of lipid, cholesterol, and inner phase. Although PRO loading was not achieved using the conventional hydration method, PRO encapsulation efficiency was >60% using the pH gradient method. PRO release from liposomes was sustained for several hours depending on liposomal composition. The liposomal formulation effects on the PRO behavior in rat lungs were evaluated following pulmonary administration in vivo. Sustained PRO release was achieved using simplified egg phosphatidylcholine (EPC)/cholesterol (8/1) liposome in vitro, and greater PRO remnants were observed in rat lungs following pulmonary administration. Extended pharmacological PRO effects were observed for 120min in a histamine-induced bronchoconstriction guinea pig model. We indicated the simplified EPC/cholesterol liposome potential as a controlled-release PRO carrier for pulmonary administration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kohei Tahara
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, 1-25-4 Daigaku-Nishi, Gifu 501-1196, Japan
| | - Hiromasa Tomida
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, 1-25-4 Daigaku-Nishi, Gifu 501-1196, Japan
| | - Yousuke Ito
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, 1-25-4 Daigaku-Nishi, Gifu 501-1196, Japan
| | - Suguru Tachikawa
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, 1-25-4 Daigaku-Nishi, Gifu 501-1196, Japan
| | - Risako Onodera
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, 1-25-4 Daigaku-Nishi, Gifu 501-1196, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Tanaka
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Bioactive Molecules, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Japan; Medical Information Sciences Division, United Graduated School of Drug Discovery and Medical Information Sciences, Gifu University, Japan
| | - Yuichi Tozuka
- Laboratory of Formulation Design and Pharmaceutical Technology, Osaka University of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Takeuchi
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, 1-25-4 Daigaku-Nishi, Gifu 501-1196, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Kakkar S, Karuppayil SM, Raut JS, Giansanti F, Papucci L, Schiavone N, Kaur IP. Lipid-polyethylene glycol based nano-ocular formulation of ketoconazole. Int J Pharm 2015; 495:276-289. [PMID: 26325312 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2015.08.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2015] [Revised: 08/24/2015] [Accepted: 08/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Ophthalmic mycoses including corneal keratitis or endophthalmitis affects 6-million persons/year and can cause blindness. Its management requires antifungals to penetrate the ocular tissue. Oral use of Ketoconazole (KTZ), the first broad-spectrum antifungal to be marketed, is now restricted to life-threatening infections due to severe adverse effects and drug-interactions. Local use of KTZ loaded nanocarrier system can address its toxicity, poor solubility, photodegradation, permeation and bioavailability issues. Solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) comprising Compritol(®) 888 ATO and PEG 600 matrix, were presently prepared using hot high-pressure homogenization. Employing extensive characterization: TEM, NMR, DSC, XRD and FTIR, it is proposed that SLNs comprise of a polyethylene glycol (PEG) core into which KTZ is dissolved. PEG endows the lipid matrix with amorphousness and imperfections; rigidity; and, stability to aggregation, on storage and autoclaving. PEG is a simple, cost-effective and safe polymer with superior solubilizing and surfactant-supporting properties. Without its inclusion KTZ could not be loaded into SLNs. It ensured high incorporation efficiency (70%) of KTZ; small size (126 nm); and, better permeation into the eye. Pharmacokinetic studies indicated 2.5 and 1.6 fold higher bioavailability (AUC) in aqueous and vitreous humor, respectively. Biocompatibility and in vitro (both in corneal and retinal cell lines) and in vivo (in rabbits) ocular safety is the other highlight of developed formulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shilpa Kakkar
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UGC-Centre of Advanced Study, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | | | - Jayant S Raut
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UGC-Centre of Advanced Study, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - Fabrizio Giansanti
- Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Eye Clinic, University of Florence, Viale Morgagni 85, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Laura Papucci
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, Section of Experimental Pathology and Oncology, University of Florence, Viale Morgagni, 50, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Nicola Schiavone
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, Section of Experimental Pathology and Oncology, University of Florence, Viale Morgagni, 50, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Indu Pal Kaur
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UGC-Centre of Advanced Study, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Bhavsar D, Subramanian K, Sethuraman S, Krishnan UM. Management of retinoblastoma: opportunities and challenges. Drug Deliv 2015; 23:2488-2496. [PMID: 25758593 DOI: 10.3109/10717544.2015.1016193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Nano-delivery systems have significantly evolved over the last decade for the treatment of cancer by enabling site-specific delivery and improved bioavailability. The widely investigated nanoparticle systems are biodegradable polyesters, dendrimers, liposomes, mesoporous silica and gold nanoparticles. These particles when conjugated with different targeting motifs enhance the therapeutic efficiency of the drug molecules and biocompatibility. However, the application of such systems towards the treatment of retinoblastoma (RB), a rapidly spreading childhood eye cancer, still remains in its infancy. Nanoparticle-based systems that have been investigated for RB therapy have displayed improved drug delivery to the most restricted posterior segment of the eyes and have increased intra-vitreal half-life of the chemotherapy agents highlighting its potential in treatment of this form of cancer. This review focuses on the challenges involved in the treatment of RB and highlights the attempts made to develop nano-dimensional systems for the treatment of RB.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dhiraj Bhavsar
- a School of Chemical & Biotechnology, Centre for Nanotechnology & Advanced Biomaterials, Sastra University , Thanjavur , Tamil Nadu , India and
| | - Krishnakumar Subramanian
- b L&T Ophthalmic Pathology Department , Vision Research Foundation , Sankara Nethralaya , Chennai , Tamil Nadu , India
| | - Swaminathan Sethuraman
- a School of Chemical & Biotechnology, Centre for Nanotechnology & Advanced Biomaterials, Sastra University , Thanjavur , Tamil Nadu , India and
| | - Uma Maheswari Krishnan
- a School of Chemical & Biotechnology, Centre for Nanotechnology & Advanced Biomaterials, Sastra University , Thanjavur , Tamil Nadu , India and
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Nanotherapy for posterior eye diseases. J Control Release 2014; 193:100-12. [PMID: 24862316 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2014.05.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2014] [Revised: 05/12/2014] [Accepted: 05/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
It is assumed that more than 50% of the most enfeebling ocular diseases have their origin in the posterior segment. Furthermore, most of these diseases lead to partial or complete blindness, if left untreated. After cancer, blindness is the second most dreaded disease world over. However, treatment of posterior eye diseases is more challenging than the anterior segment ailments due to a series of anatomical barriers and physiological constraints confronted for delivery to this segment. In this regard, nanostructured drug delivery systems are proposed to defy ocular barriers, target retina, and act as permeation enhancers in addition to providing a controlled release. Since an important step towards developing effective treatment strategies is to understand the course or a route a drug molecule needs to follow to reach the target site, the first part of the present review discusses various pathways available for effective delivery to and clearance from the posterior eye. Promise held by nanocarrier systems, viz. liposomes, nanoparticles, and nanoemulsion, for effective delivery and selective targeting is also discussed with illustrative examples, tables, and flowcharts. However, the applicability of these nanocarrier systems as self-administration ocular drops is still an unrealized dream which is in itself a huge technological challenge.
Collapse
|
9
|
Cern A, Barenholz Y, Tropsha A, Goldblum A. Computer-aided design of liposomal drugs: In silico prediction and experimental validation of drug candidates for liposomal remote loading. J Control Release 2013; 173:125-31. [PMID: 24184343 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2013.10.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2013] [Revised: 10/17/2013] [Accepted: 10/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Previously we have developed and statistically validated Quantitative Structure Property Relationship (QSPR) models that correlate drugs' structural, physical and chemical properties as well as experimental conditions with the relative efficiency of remote loading of drugs into liposomes (Cern et al., J. Control. Release 160 (2012) 147-157). Herein, these models have been used to virtually screen a large drug database to identify novel candidate molecules for liposomal drug delivery. Computational hits were considered for experimental validation based on their predicted remote loading efficiency as well as additional considerations such as availability, recommended dose and relevance to the disease. Three compounds were selected for experimental testing which were confirmed to be correctly classified by our previously reported QSPR models developed with Iterative Stochastic Elimination (ISE) and k-Nearest Neighbors (kNN) approaches. In addition, 10 new molecules with known liposome remote loading efficiency that were not used by us in QSPR model development were identified in the published literature and employed as an additional model validation set. The external accuracy of the models was found to be as high as 82% or 92%, depending on the model. This study presents the first successful application of QSPR models for the computer-model-driven design of liposomal drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ahuva Cern
- Laboratory of Membrane and Liposome Research, Department of Biochemistry, IMRIC, The Hebrew University - Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel; Molecular Modeling and Drug Design Laboratory, The Institute for Drug Research, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Yechezkel Barenholz
- Laboratory of Membrane and Liposome Research, Department of Biochemistry, IMRIC, The Hebrew University - Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel.
| | - Alexander Tropsha
- The Laboratory for Molecular Modeling, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Amiram Goldblum
- Molecular Modeling and Drug Design Laboratory, The Institute for Drug Research, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel.
| |
Collapse
|