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Wu Z, Xia MB, Bertsetseg D, Wang YH, Bao XL, Zhu WB, Tao-Xu, Chen PR, Tang HS, Yan YJ, Chen ZL. Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of novel fluoro-substituted benzimidazole derivatives with anti-hypertension activities. Bioorg Chem 2020; 101:104042. [PMID: 32650179 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.104042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 06/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
A series of new fluoro-substituted benzimidazole derivatives were designed, synthesized and pharmacologically evaluated. All the target compounds were characterized by 1HNMR, 13CNMR, mass spectra and elemental analysis. The biological evaluation showed that most of the synthesized compounds displayed nanomolar affinity to the angiotensin II type 1 (AT1) receptor and could decrease blood pressure efficiently in spontaneously hypertensive rats. The maximal response of mean blood pressure (MBP) lowered 74.5 ± 3.5 mmHg (1g) and 69.2 ± 0.9 mmHg (2a) at 10 g/kg after oral administration, and the antihypertensive effect lasted beyond 24 h, which performed better than both losartan and telmisartan. So, compounds 1g and 2a may be considered as potential antihypertension drug candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo Wu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, College of Chemistry and Biology, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Ming-Bao Xia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, College of Chemistry and Biology, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - D Bertsetseg
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, College of Chemistry and Biology, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Yan-Hui Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, College of Chemistry and Biology, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Xiao-Lu Bao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, College of Chemistry and Biology, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Wei-Bo Zhu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, College of Chemistry and Biology, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Tao-Xu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, College of Chemistry and Biology, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Pei-Ran Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, College of Chemistry and Biology, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - He-Sheng Tang
- Shanghai Xianhui Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Yi-Jia Yan
- Shanghai Xianhui Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Shanghai 200433, China; Ningbo Dongmi Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Ningbo 315899, China.
| | - Zhi-Long Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, College of Chemistry and Biology, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China.
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Wu Z, Anh NTP, Yan YJ, Xia MB, Wang YH, Qiu Y, Chen ZL. Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of AT 1 receptor blockers derived from 6-substituted aminocarbonyl benzimidazoles. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 181:111553. [PMID: 31369932 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.07.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Revised: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
A series of new 6-substituted aminocarbonyl benzimidazole derivatives with 1, 4-disubsituted or 1, 5-disubsituted indole moiety and benzoic acid moiety were designed, synthesized and pharmacologically evaluated. Most of the synthesized compounds could bind to the AT1 receptor and decrease blood pressure significantly. Notably, 2e and 1h could obviously decrease MBP in a dose dependent manner. The maximal response lowered 57.9 ± 2.3 mmHg (2e) and 57.6 ± 1.9 mmHg (1h) of MBP at 10 mg/kg after oral administration, and the antihypertensive effect lasted beyond 24 h, which performed better than Losartan (Fig. 1). These results indicate that 2e and 1h are effective and long-lasting anti-hypertension drug candidates and deserve further investigation for therapeutic application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo Wu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, College of Chemistry and Biology, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Nguyen Thi Phuong Anh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, College of Chemistry and Biology, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Yi-Jia Yan
- Ningbo Dongmi Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Ningbo, 315899, China
| | - Ming-Bao Xia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, College of Chemistry and Biology, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Yan-Hui Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, College of Chemistry and Biology, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Yan Qiu
- Pudong New Area People's Hospital, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai, 201200, China.
| | - Zhi-Long Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, College of Chemistry and Biology, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China.
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Fimasartan reduces neointimal formation and inflammation after carotid arterial injury in apolipoprotein E knockout mice. Mol Med 2019; 25:33. [PMID: 31307370 PMCID: PMC6632006 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-019-0095-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The beneficial effects of angiotensin II type 1 receptor blockers (ARBs) on atherosclerosis have been demonstrated in numerous studies. We investigated the effects of fimasartan on reducing neointimal formation and systemic inflammation after carotid artery (CA) injury in Apolipoprotein E knockout (ApoE KO) mice. METHODS ApoE KO mice were randomly allocated to Group I (without CA injury), Group II (without CA injury + Fimasartan), Group III (CA injury), and Group IV (CA injury + Fimasartan). Fimasartan was orally administered everyday starting 3 days before iatrogenic left CA injury. RESULTS At 28 days, neointimal hyperplasia and the inflammatory cytokines including TNFα, IL-6, ICAM, and MMP-9 in the peripheral blood were significantly reduced in Groups II and IV compared to Groups I and III, respectively. All fimasartan-administered groups revealed significant increases of CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ regulatory T (Treg) cells with increased plasma levels of IL-10 and TGFβ. In addition, increased CD8+ T cells by fimasartan were correlated with reduced smooth muscle cell (SMC) proliferation in the neointima in Groups II and IV. Furthermore, the populations of Treg and CD8+ T cells in total splenocytes were increased in Groups II and IV compared to Groups I and III, respectively. The enlargement of spleens due to CA injury in the Group III was attenuated by fimasartan, as shown in the Group IV. These data indicate that fimasartan significantly reduced SMC proliferation in neointima and increased Treg cells in ApoE KO CA injury mice. CONCLUSIONS This study suggests fimasartan could be an efficient strategy for reduction of atherosclerotic progression, with a decrease in immune response and systemic inflammation.
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Kim TH, Paik SH, Chi YH, Bulitta JB, Lee DY, Lim JY, Chung SE, Song CH, Jeong HM, Shin S, Shin BS. Regional Absorption of Fimasartan in the Gastrointestinal Tract by an Improved in situ Absorption Method in Rats. Pharmaceutics 2018; 10:pharmaceutics10040174. [PMID: 30282950 PMCID: PMC6320822 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics10040174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Revised: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to assess the regional absorption of fimasartan by an improved in situ absorption method in comparison with the conventional in situ single-pass perfusion method in rats. After each gastrointestinal segment of interest was identified, fimasartan was injected into the starting point of each segment and the unabsorbed fimasartan was discharged from the end point of the segment. Blood samples were collected from the jugular vein to evaluate the systemic absorption of the drug. The relative fraction absorbed (Fabs,relative) values in the specific gastrointestinal region calculated based on the area under the curve (AUC) values obtained after the injection of fimasartan into the gastrointestinal segment were 8.2% ± 3.2%, 23.0% ± 12.1%, 49.7% ± 11.5%, and 19.1% ± 11.9% for the stomach, duodenum, small intestine, and large intestine, respectively, which were comparable with those determined by the conventional in situ single-pass perfusion. By applying the fraction of the dose available at each gastrointestinal segment following the oral administration, the actual fraction absorbed (F′abs) values at each gastrointestinal segment were estimated at 10.9% for the stomach, 27.1% for the duodenum, 40.7% for the small intestine, and 5.4% for the large intestine, which added up to the gastrointestinal bioavailability (FX·FG) of 84.1%. The present method holds great promise to assess the regional absorption of a drug and aid to design new drug formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae Hwan Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Catholic University of Daegu, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 38430 Korea.
| | - Soo Heui Paik
- College of Pharmacy, Sunchon National University, Sunchon, Jeonnam 57992, Korea.
| | - Yong Ha Chi
- Central Research Institute, Boryung Pharm. Co., Ltd., Seoul 03127, Korea.
| | - Jürgen B Bulitta
- College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Orlando, FL 32827, USA.
| | - Da Young Lee
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 16419, Korea.
| | - Jun Young Lim
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 16419, Korea.
| | - Seung Eun Chung
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 16419, Korea.
| | - Chang Ho Song
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 16419, Korea.
| | - Hyeon Myeong Jeong
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 16419, Korea.
| | - Soyoung Shin
- College of Pharmacy, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeonbuk 54538, Korea.
| | - Beom Soo Shin
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 16419, Korea.
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Yang X, Sun J, Kim TJ, Kim YJ, Ko SB, Kim CK, Jia X, Yoon BW. Pretreatment with low-dose fimasartan ameliorates NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated neuroinflammation and brain injury after intracerebral hemorrhage. Exp Neurol 2018; 310:22-32. [PMID: 30171865 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2018.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Revised: 08/18/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Nucleotide-binding and oligomerization domain-like receptor family pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome, which is composed of an NLRP3 domain, the adaptor molecule apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD (ASC) domain, and procaspase-1, plays an important role in the immune pathophysiology of the secondary damage induced by intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). This study aims to investigate whether pre-stroke treatment with fimasartan, an angiotensin II receptor blocker, has anti-inflammatory effects on ICH by inhibiting the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome. Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into five groups: sham, vehicle, low-dose (0.5 mg/kg) and regular-doses (1.0 and 3.0 mg/kg) fimasartan. These rats were treated for 30 days before the induction of collagenase-induced ICH and continuously 3 days after surgery. The mean blood pressure (BP) in the low-dose fimasartan group was not significantly different from that of control, and BP in the regular-dose groups was decreased in a dose-dependent manner. Pretreatment with low-dose fimasartan attenuated ICH-induced edema and improved neurological functions. Activation of the NLRP3/ASC/caspase-1 and the NF-κB pathways after ICH was markedly reduced by low-dose fimasartan. The double immunofluorescence staining of brain cells showed a significant decrease in the co-localization of NLRP3 with Iba1 (microglia marker) positive cells by fimasartan treatment. Cultured microglia cells stimulated by hemolysate demonstrated significant activation of the inflammasome, which was reduced by fimasartan. Pretreatment with a low-dose fimasartan alleviated brain damage after acute ICH by inhibiting the NLRP3 inflammasome without lowering MBP. Our study suggests pre-stroke administration of fimasartan could potentially attenuate ICH-induced secondary brain injury by targeting the inflammasome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuli Yang
- Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea; Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea; Department of Neurosurgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Jing Sun
- Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea; Department of Neurology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130000 Jilin, China
| | - Tae Jung Kim
- Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea; Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Ju Kim
- Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea; Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Bae Ko
- Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea; Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Chi Kyung Kim
- Department of Neurology, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul 08308, Republic of Korea
| | - Xiaofeng Jia
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; Department of Orthopaedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; Department of Anatomy Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
| | - Byung-Woo Yoon
- Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea; Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea; Neuroscience Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03087, Republic of Korea.
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Paik SH, Chi YH, Lee JH, Han HS, Lee KT. Pharmacological Profiles of a Highly Potent and Long-Acting Angiotensin II Receptor Antagonist, Fimasartan, in Rats and Dogs after Oral Administration. Biol Pharm Bull 2018; 40:992-1001. [PMID: 28674263 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b16-00987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The pharmacological profile of fimasartan, [2-n-butyl-5-dimethylamino-thiocarbonyl-methyl-6-methyl-3-{[2-(1H-tetrazole-5-yl)biphenyl-4-yl]methyl}-pyrimidin-4(3H)-one, a new non-peptide angiotensin type 1 (AT1)-selective angiotensin receptor antagonist, has been investigated in a variety of in vitro and in vivo experimental models. In the present study, fimasartan showed slow dissociation and irreversible binding to AT1 subtype receptors in membrane fractions of HEK-293 cells with a Kd of 0.03 nM and a T1/2 of 63.7 min. The inhibitory effect of fimasartan on angiotensin II (Ang II)-induced contraction persisted longer after washout than that of losartan or candesartan. In conscious rats, a single dose of fimasartan (0.3, 1, or 3 mg/kg; per os (p.o.)) dose-dependently antagonized Ang II-induced pressor responses. Both orally administrated fimasartan and losartan dose-dependently decreased mean arterial pressure in furosemide-treated rats and dogs, and fimasartan administered orally at 1, 3, or 10 mg/kg reduced blood pressure in conscious spontaneously hypertensive rats. Taken together, these findings indicate that fimasartan has potent and sustained binding affinity at the AT1 receptor subtype, and reveal the molecular basis responsible for the marked lowering of blood pressure in various conscious rats and dogs models after its oral administration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yong Ha Chi
- Central Research Institute, Boryung Pharm. Co., Ltd
| | - Joo Han Lee
- Central Research Institute, Boryung Pharm. Co., Ltd
| | - Hee-Soo Han
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University.,Life and Nanopharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University
| | - Kyung-Tae Lee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University.,Life and Nanopharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University
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7
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Spasov AA, Yakovlev DS, Brigadirova AA. Angiotensin AT1 Receptors and Their Ligands (Review). Pharm Chem J 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s11094-017-1546-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Kim TH, Kim MG, Shin S, Chi YH, Paik SH, Lee JH, Yoo SD, Youn YS, Bulitta JB, Joo SH, Jeong SW, Weon KY, Shin BS. Placental transfer and mammary excretion of a novel angiotensin receptor blocker fimasartan in rats. BMC Pharmacol Toxicol 2016; 17:35. [PMID: 27459959 PMCID: PMC4962410 DOI: 10.1186/s40360-016-0080-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2015] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Fimasartan (FMS) is a potent angiotensin receptor blocker for the treatment of mild to moderate hypertension. This study aimed to evaluate the transfer of FMS to fetus and breast milk in rats. Methods In order to study the transfer to the fetus and nursing pup, pregnant and nursing maternal rats were administered with FMS by a constant intravenous infusion to reach target plasma concentrations of 200 ng/mL and 100 ng/mL. The concentrations of FMS in plasma, placenta, amniotic fluid, fetus, and milk were determined by a validated LC-MS/MS assay. Results Upon constant intravenous infusion, the plasma FMS concentration reached the target steady state concentrations (Css = 200 ng/mL and 100 ng/mL) in 24 h. The tissue-to-plasma partition coefficients (Kp) for placenta, amniotic fluid, and milk were obtained based on the observed FMS concentrations in the tissues and Css. The Kp values for all tissues were not different between high (Css = 200 ng/mL) and low (Css = 100 ng/mL) dose groups. While the mean Kp of the placenta was 44.6–59.0 %, the mean Kp was 1.3–1.7 % for the amniotic fluid and 14.9–17.0 % for fetus. The mean Kp of milk was 10.4–15.2 %. Conclusions Placental transfer and milk excretion of FMS was relatively lower compared to other angiotensin receptor blockers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae Hwan Kim
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - Min Gi Kim
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - Soyoung Shin
- College of Pharmacy, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeonbuk, South Korea
| | - Yong-Ha Chi
- Boryung Pharm. Co., Ltd., Seoul, South Korea
| | - Soo-Heui Paik
- College of Pharmacy, Sunchon National University, Sunchon, Jeonnam, South Korea
| | - Joo-Han Lee
- Boryung Pharm. Co., Ltd., Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sun Dong Yoo
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - Yu Seok Youn
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | | | - Sang Hoon Joo
- College of Pharmacy, Catholic University of Daegu, 13-13 Hayang-ro, Hayang-eup Gyeongsan-si, Gyeongbuk, 712-702, South Korea
| | - Seok Won Jeong
- College of Pharmacy, Catholic University of Daegu, 13-13 Hayang-ro, Hayang-eup Gyeongsan-si, Gyeongbuk, 712-702, South Korea
| | - Kwon-Yeon Weon
- College of Pharmacy, Catholic University of Daegu, 13-13 Hayang-ro, Hayang-eup Gyeongsan-si, Gyeongbuk, 712-702, South Korea
| | - Beom Soo Shin
- College of Pharmacy, Catholic University of Daegu, 13-13 Hayang-ro, Hayang-eup Gyeongsan-si, Gyeongbuk, 712-702, South Korea.
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A Randomized, Double-blind, Candesartan-controlled, Parallel Group Comparison Clinical Trial to Evaluate the Antihypertensive Efficacy and Safety of Fimasartan in Patients with Mild to Moderate Essential Hypertension. Clin Ther 2016; 38:1485-1497. [PMID: 27161546 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinthera.2016.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2016] [Revised: 03/01/2016] [Accepted: 04/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE A new antihypertensive drug that selectively blocks angiotensin II receptor type 1, fimasartan, has a potent and rapidly acting antihypertensive effect. We investigated the antihypertensive effects of fimasartan 60 and 120 mg and its safety in comparison to 8 mg of candesartan. METHODS This clinical trial is a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, active comparator, and parallel group study. Three hundred sixty-two individuals were screened, and 290 patients aged 19 to 75 years with mild to moderate hypertension (diastolic blood pressure [DBP], 90-110 mm Hg) were randomly assigned to 60 to 120 mg/d of fimasartan or 8 mg/d of candesartan after a 2-week placebo run-in period. Treatments were administered for 12 weeks without dosage adjustment. The primary end point was the differences in DBP changes at week 12. FINDINGS After 12 weeks of treatment, DBP and systolic blood pressure (SBP) decreased significantly in all 3 groups. The decrease in DBP at week 12 was larger but not statistically significant in the fimasartan 60 mg compared with the candesartan 8 mg group with a mean (SD) difference of 1.72 (8.32) mm Hg (95% CI, -0.71 to 4.15 mm Hg; P = 0.17). The lower margin of the CI (-0.71 mm Hg) exceeded the noninferiority margin (-3.5 mm Hg). The DBP-lowering effect of fimasartan 120 mg was also nonsignificantly larger than candesartan 8 mg (difference, 1.58 [8.27] mm Hg; P = 0.20). The decrease in SBP was also nonsignificantly larger in the fimasartan 60 mg group compared with the candesartan 8 mg group (difference, 3.50 [12.63] mm Hg; P = .06). The SBP-lowering effect of fimasartan 120 mg was statistically larger than candesartan 8 mg (difference, 4.98 [13.99] mm Hg; P = .02). Response rate (DBP <90 mm Hg or DBP lowering >10 mm Hg at week 12) was also nonsignificantly greater in both fimasartan groups (Fimasartan 60 mg, 81%; fimasartan 120 mg, 72%; candesartan 8 mg, 71%). The safety profile of the fimasartan 60 mg and 120 mg was similar to candesartan 8 mg, with a slightly higher, but statistically not significant, incidence of hepatic enzyme elevation in fimasartan 120 mg. IMPLICATIONS The antihypertensive effect of fimasartan, a newly available angiotensin II receptor type 1 blocker, is comparable, although not superior, to candesartan with a good safety profile. ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT01135212.
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Yuan TY, Chen YC, Zhang HF, Li L, Jiao XZ, Xie P, Fang LH, Du GH. DL0805-2, a novel indazole derivative, relaxes angiotensin II-induced contractions of rat aortic rings by inhibiting Rho kinase and calcium fluxes. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2016; 37:604-16. [PMID: 27041459 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2015.161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2015] [Accepted: 12/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM DL0805-2 [N-(1H-indazol-5-yl)-1-(4-methylbenzyl) pyrrolidine-3-carboxamide] is a DL0805 derivative with more potent vasorelaxant activity and lower toxicity. This study was conducted to investigate the vasorelaxant mechanisms of DL0805-2 on angiotensin II (Ang II)-induced contractions of rat thoracic aortic rings in vitro. METHODS Rat thoracic aortic rings and rat aortic vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) were pretreated with DL0805-2, and then stimulated with Ang II. The tension of the aortic rings was measured through an isometric force transducer. Ang II-induced protein phosphorylation, ROS production and F-actin formation were assessed with Western blotting and immunofluorescence assays. Intracellular free Ca(2+) concentrations were detected with Fluo-3 AM. RESULTS Pretreatment with DL0805-2 (1-100 μmol/L) dose-dependently inhibited the constrictions of the aortic rings induced by a single dose of Ang II (10(-7) mol/L) or accumulative addition of Ang II (10(-10)-10(-7) mol/L). The vasodilatory effect of DL0805-2 was independent of endothelium. In the aortic rings, pretreatment with DL0805-2 (1, 3, and 10 μmol/L) suppressed Ang II-induced Ca(2+) influx and intracellular Ca(2+) mobilization, and Ang II-induced phosphorylation of two substrates of Rho kinase (MLC and MYPT1). In VSMCs, pretreatment with DL0805-2 (1, 3, and 10 μmol/L) also suppressed Ang II-induced Ca(2+) fluxes and phosphorylation of MLC and MYPT1. In addition, pretreatment with DL0805-2 attenuated ROS production and F-actin formation in the cells. CONCLUSION DL0805-2 exerts a vasodilatory action in rat aortic rings through inhibiting the Rho/ROCK pathway and calcium fluxes.
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Ghim JL, Paik SH, Hasanuzzaman M, Chi YH, Choi HK, Kim DH, Shin JG. Absolute bioavailability and pharmacokinetics of the angiotensin II receptor antagonist fimasartan in healthy subjects. J Clin Pharmacol 2015; 56:576-80. [PMID: 26272450 DOI: 10.1002/jcph.618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2015] [Accepted: 08/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The present study was conducted to determine the absolute bioavailability of fimasartan (FMS; Kanarb(®) ) after the single oral administration of a 60-mg tablet or a single 30-mg intravenous (IV) infusion. This investigation was a randomized, single-dose, open-labeled, two-way crossover study of 16 healthy Korean male subjects. The subjects were divided into two groups (n = 8) and each received either the oral or IV formulation followed by one-week washout period. The Cmax (ng/ml) and AUC∞ (h · ng/ml) following oral and IV administration were 62.4 ± 48.6 and 291.1 ± 121.7; and 683.3 ± 104.3 and 782.3 ± 112.7 (mean ± SD), respectively. The Tmax (h) were 3.0 h (range: 0.5-5.0 h) and 1.0 h (range: 0.8-1.0 h) in the test and reference groups, respectively. The terminal elimination half-lives (t1/2 , h) were similar (5.8 and 5.5 h, respectively) indicating that the route of administration did not influence the absorption or elimination of FMS. The systemic clearance (CL, L/h) and the volume of distribution at steady-state (Vdss , L) were 331.3 ± 444.5 L/h and 403.3 ± 710.4 L following oral administration and 39.1 ± 5.3 L/h and 42.4 ± 25.5 L following IV administration. The absolute bioavailability of the FMS tablet was 18.6%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong-Lyul Ghim
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Inje University, Busan Paik Hospital, Busan, Korea
| | - Soo Heui Paik
- Central Research Institute, Boryung Pharmaceutical Co, Ltd, Seoul, Korea
| | - M Hasanuzzaman
- Department of Pharmacology and PharmacoGenomics Research Center, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Yong Ha Chi
- Central Research Institute, Boryung Pharmaceutical Co, Ltd, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyang-Ki Choi
- Department of Pharmacology and PharmacoGenomics Research Center, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Dong-Hyun Kim
- Department of Pharmacology and PharmacoGenomics Research Center, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Jae-Gook Shin
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Inje University, Busan Paik Hospital, Busan, Korea.,Department of Pharmacology and PharmacoGenomics Research Center, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
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Effect of Long-Term Treatment with Fimasartan on Transient Focal Ischemia in Rat Brain. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:295925. [PMID: 26448932 PMCID: PMC4584036 DOI: 10.1155/2015/295925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2015] [Revised: 08/19/2015] [Accepted: 08/31/2015] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Fimasartan is a newly developed angiotensin receptor blocker, which may have protective effects during myocardial infarction or atherosclerosis. In this context, we investigated the effects of long-term treatment with low-dose fimasartan on focal ischemia in rat brain. We induced focal ischemia in brain by transient intraluminal occlusion of middle cerebral artery (MCA) and administered low-dose (0.5 mg/kg) or regular doses (1 or 3 mg/kg) of fimasartan via intravenous routes. After the administration of low-dose (0.5 mg/kg) fimasartan, blood pressure did not decrease compared to the phosphate-buffered saline- (PBS-) control with MCA occlusion (MCAO) group. The infarct volume and ischemic cell death were reduced in the low-dose fimasartan-treated group (46 ± 41 mm3 for 0.5 mg/kg and 153 ± 47 mm3 for PBS-control with MCAO; P < 0.01) but not in the regular-dose groups. Low-dose fimasartan treatment improved functional recovery after ischemia and significantly decreased mortality. In our study, fimasartan reduced the degradation of IκB and the formation of an inflammatory end-product, COX-2. As a result, the recruitment of inflammatory cells in the peri-infarct area decreased in fimasartan-treated group. We have demonstrated that long-term, low-dose fimasartan treatment improved outcomes after focal ischemia in the brain via a reduction of inflammation.
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HYUN JY, KIM HJ, GWON MR, LEE HW, SEONG SJ, YOON YR. Fully Validated Ultra-performance Liquid Chromatography–Tandem Mass Spectrometry Method for the Determination of Fimasartan in Human Plasma. ANAL SCI 2015; 31:1335-9. [DOI: 10.2116/analsci.31.1335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ji Yeon HYUN
- Department of Biomedical Science, BK 21 Plus KNU Bio-Medical Convergence Program for Creative Talent and Clinical Trial Center, Kyungpook National University Graduate School and Hospital
| | - Hyun-Ju KIM
- Department of Biomedical Science, BK 21 Plus KNU Bio-Medical Convergence Program for Creative Talent and Clinical Trial Center, Kyungpook National University Graduate School and Hospital
| | - Mi-Ri GWON
- Department of Biomedical Science, BK 21 Plus KNU Bio-Medical Convergence Program for Creative Talent and Clinical Trial Center, Kyungpook National University Graduate School and Hospital
| | - Hae Won LEE
- Department of Biomedical Science, BK 21 Plus KNU Bio-Medical Convergence Program for Creative Talent and Clinical Trial Center, Kyungpook National University Graduate School and Hospital
| | - Sook Jin SEONG
- Department of Biomedical Science, BK 21 Plus KNU Bio-Medical Convergence Program for Creative Talent and Clinical Trial Center, Kyungpook National University Graduate School and Hospital
| | - Young-Ran YOON
- Department of Biomedical Science, BK 21 Plus KNU Bio-Medical Convergence Program for Creative Talent and Clinical Trial Center, Kyungpook National University Graduate School and Hospital
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Youn JC, Ihm SH, Bae JH, Park SM, Jeon DW, Jung BC, Park TH, Lee NH, Song JM, Yoon YW, Shin ES, Sung KC, Jung IH, Pyun WB, Joo SJ, Park WJ, Shin JH, Kang SM. Efficacy and Safety of 30-Mg Fimasartan for the Treatment of Patients With Mild to Moderate Hypertension: An 8-Week, Multicenter, Randomized, Double-Blind, Phase III Clinical Study. Clin Ther 2014; 36:1412-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinthera.2014.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2014] [Revised: 06/24/2014] [Accepted: 07/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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