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Xie G, Zou X, Liang Z, Zhang K, Wu D, Jin H, Wang H, Shen Q. GBF family member PfGBF3 and NAC family member PfNAC2 regulate rosmarinic acid biosynthesis under high light. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 195:1728-1744. [PMID: 38441888 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiae036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2024]
Abstract
Rosmarinic acid (RA) is an important medicinal metabolite and a potent food antioxidant. We discovered that exposure to high light intensifies the accumulation of RA in the leaves of perilla (Perilla frutescens (L.) Britt). However, the molecular mechanism underlying RA synthesis in response to high light stress remains poorly understood. To address this knowledge gap, we conducted a comprehensive analysis employing transcriptomic sequencing, transcriptional activation, and genetic transformation techniques. High light treatment for 1 and 48 h resulted in the upregulation of 592 and 1,060 genes, respectively. Among these genes, three structural genes and 93 transcription factors exhibited co-expression. Notably, NAC family member PfNAC2, GBF family member PfGBF3, and cinnamate-4-hydroxylase gene PfC4H demonstrated significant co-expression and upregulation under high light stress. Transcriptional activation analysis revealed that PfGBF3 binds to and activates the PfNAC2 promoter. Additionally, both PfNAC2 and PfGBF3 bind to the PfC4H promoter, thereby positively regulating PfC4H expression. Transient overexpression of PfNAC2, PfGBF3, and PfC4H, as well as stable transgenic expression of PfNAC2, led to a substantial increase in RA accumulation in perilla. Consequently, PfGBF3 acts as a photosensitive factor that positively regulates PfNAC2 and PfC4H, while PfNAC2 also regulates PfC4H to promote RA accumulation under high light stress. The elucidation of the regulatory mechanism governing RA accumulation in perilla under high light conditions provides a foundation for developing a high-yield RA system and a model to understand light-induced metabolic accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanwen Xie
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Medical Plant Physiology and Ecology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xiuzai Zou
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Medical Plant Physiology and Ecology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Zishan Liang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Medical Plant Physiology and Ecology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Ke Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Medical Plant Physiology and Ecology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Duan Wu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Medical Plant Physiology and Ecology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Honglei Jin
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Medical Plant Physiology and Ecology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Hongbin Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Medical Plant Physiology and Ecology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Qi Shen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Medical Plant Physiology and Ecology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
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Yan C, Li C, Jiang M, Xu Y, Zhang S, Hu X, Chen Y, Lu S. Systematic characterization of gene families and functional analysis of PvRAS3 and PvRAS4 involved in rosmarinic acid biosynthesis in Prunella vulgaris. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1374912. [PMID: 38751843 PMCID: PMC11094360 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1374912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Prunella vulgaris is an important material for Chinese medicines with rosmarinic acid (RA) as its index component. Based on the chromosome-level genome assembly we obtained recently, 51 RA biosynthesis-related genes were identified. Sequence feature, gene expression pattern and phylogenetic relationship analyses showed that 17 of them could be involved in RA biosynthesis. In vitro enzymatic assay showed that PvRAS3 catalyzed the condensation of p-coumaroyl-CoA and caffeoyl-CoA with pHPL and DHPL. Its affinity toward p-coumaroyl-CoA was higher than caffeoyl-CoA. PvRAS4 catalyzed the condensation of p-coumaroyl-CoA with pHPL and DHPL. Its affinity toward p-coumaroyl-CoA was lower than PvRAS3. UPLC and LC-MS/MS analyses showed the existence of RA, 4-coumaroyl-3',4'-dihydroxyphenyllactic acid, 4-coumaroyl-4'-hydroxyphenyllactic acid and caffeoyl-4'-hydroxyphenyllactic acid in P. vulgaris. Generation and analysis of pvras3 homozygous mutants showed significant decrease of RA, 4-coumaroyl-3',4'-dihydroxyphenyllactic acid, 4-coumaroyl-4'-hydroxyphenyllactic acid and caffeoyl-4'-hydroxyphenyllactic acid and significant increase of DHPL and pHPL. It suggests that PvRAS3 is the main enzyme catalyzing the condensation of acyl donors and acceptors during RA biosynthesis. The role of PvRAS4 appears minor. The results provide significant information for quality control of P. vulgaris medicinal materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Yan
- State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-di Herbs, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Engineering Research Center of Chinese Medicine Resource, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Caili Li
- State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-di Herbs, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Engineering Research Center of Chinese Medicine Resource, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Maochang Jiang
- State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-di Herbs, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Engineering Research Center of Chinese Medicine Resource, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yayun Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-di Herbs, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Engineering Research Center of Chinese Medicine Resource, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Sixuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-di Herbs, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Engineering Research Center of Chinese Medicine Resource, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xiangling Hu
- State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-di Herbs, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Engineering Research Center of Chinese Medicine Resource, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuhang Chen
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Shanfa Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-di Herbs, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Engineering Research Center of Chinese Medicine Resource, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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Integrative transcriptomic, proteomic and metabolomic analysis reveals the dynamic regulation of secondary metabolism upon development of Prunella vulgaris L. Fitoterapia 2022; 163:105334. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2022.105334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Revised: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Zheng H, Zhao H, Zhang X, Liang Z, He Q. Systematic Identification and Validation of Suitable Reference Genes for the Normalization of Gene Expression in Prunella vulgaris under Different Organs and Spike Development Stages. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:1947. [PMID: 36360184 PMCID: PMC9689956 DOI: 10.3390/genes13111947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) is an efficient and sensitive method for determining gene expression levels, but the accuracy of the results substantially depends on the stability of the reference gene (RG). Therefore, choosing an appropriate reference gene is a critical step in normalizing qRT-PCR data. Prunella vulgaris L. is a traditional Chinese medicine herb widely used in China. Its main medicinal part is the fruiting spike which is termed Spica Prunellae. However, thus far, few studies have been conducted on the mechanism of Spica Prunellae development. Meanwhile, no reliable RGs have been reported in P. vulgaris. The expression levels of 14 candidate RGs were analyzed in this study in various organs and at different stages of Spica Prunellae development. Four statistical algorithms (Delta Ct, BestKeeper, NormFinder, and geNorm) were utilized to identify the RGs' stability, and an integrated stability rating was generated via the RefFinder website online. The final ranking results revealed that eIF-2 was the most stable RG, whereas VAB2 was the least suitable as an RG. Furthermore, eIF-2 + Histon3.3 was identified as the best RG combination in different periods and the total samples. Finally, the expressions of the PvTAT and Pv4CL2 genes related to the regulation of rosmarinic acid synthesis in different organs were used to verify the stable and unstable RGs. The stable RGs in P. vulgaris were originally identified and verified in this work. This achievement provides strong support for obtaining a reliable qPCR analysis and lays the foundation for in-depth research on the developmental mechanism of Spica Prunellae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Science and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Hongguang Zhao
- Tasly Botanical Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Shangluo 726000, China
| | - Xuemin Zhang
- Tasly R&D Institute, Tasly Holding Group Co., Ltd., Tianjin 300410, China
| | - Zongsuo Liang
- Shaoxing Academy of Biomedicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Shaoxing 312000, China
| | - Qiuling He
- Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Science and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
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Zhang Z, Xia B, Li Y, Lin Y, Xie J, Wu P, Lin L, Liao D. Comparative proteomic analysis of Prunella vulgaris L. spica ripening. J Proteomics 2020; 232:104028. [PMID: 33129985 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2020.104028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Prunella vulgaris L., better known as 'self-heal', has been extensively used in the traditional system of medicines. To reveal the regulatory mechanism of its development, TMT-based quantitative proteome analysis was performed in the Prunella vulgaris L. spica before and during ripening (Group A and Group B, respectively). This analysis resulted in the identification of 7655 proteins, of which 1910 showed differential abundance between the two groups. Pronounced changes in the proteomic profile included the following: 1) Stress-responsive proteins involved in protecting cells and promoting fruit ripening and seed development were highly abundant during ripening. 2) The degradation of chlorophyll, inhibition of chlorophyll biosynthesis and increased abundance of transketolase occurred simultaneously in the spica of Prunella vulgaris L., resulting in the spica changing color from green to brownish red. 3) The abundance of protein species related to phenylpropanoid biosynthesis mainly increased during ripening, while flavonoid and terpenoid backbone biosynthesis mostly occurred before ripening. SIGNIFICANCE: This study establishes a link between protein profiles and mature phenotypes, which will help to improve our understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in the maturation of Prunella vulgaris L. at the proteome level and reveal the scientific connotation for the best time to harvest Prunella vulgaris L. This work provides a scientific basis for the production of high-quality medicinal Prunella vulgaris L., as well as a typical demonstration of molecular research used for the harvest period of traditional Chinese medicine. BIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE: This work provided a comprehensive overview on the functional protein profile changes of Prunella vulgaris L. spica at different growing stages, as well as the scientific rationale of Prunella vulgaris L. harvested in summer after brownish red, thus laid an intriguing stepping stone for elucidating the molecular mechanisms of quality development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhimin Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for the Protection, Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine Resources in Hunan Province, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China
| | - Bohou Xia
- College of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for the Protection, Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine Resources in Hunan Province, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China
| | - Yamei Li
- College of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for the Protection, Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine Resources in Hunan Province, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China
| | - Yan Lin
- College of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for the Protection, Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine Resources in Hunan Province, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China
| | - Jingchen Xie
- College of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for the Protection, Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine Resources in Hunan Province, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China
| | - Ping Wu
- College of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for the Protection, Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine Resources in Hunan Province, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China
| | - Limei Lin
- College of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for the Protection, Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine Resources in Hunan Province, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China.
| | - Duanfang Liao
- College of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for the Protection, Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine Resources in Hunan Province, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China.
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Albogami S, Darwish H, Abdelmigid HM, Alotaibi S, El-Deen AN, Alnefaie A, Alattas A. Anticancer Potential of Calli Versus Seedling Extracts Derived from Rosmarinus officinalis and Coleus hybridus. Curr Pharm Biotechnol 2020; 21:1528-1538. [PMID: 32188380 DOI: 10.2174/1389201021666200318114817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Revised: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In Saudi Arabia, the incidence and mortality rates of breast cancer are high. Although current treatments are effective, breast cancer cells develop resistance to these treatments. Numerous studies have demonstrated that active compounds in plant extracts, such as the phenolic compound Rosmarinic Acid (RA), exert anti-cancer effects. OBJECTIVE We investigated the anticancer properties of methanolic crude extracts of seedlings and calli of Rosmarinus officinalis and Coleus hybridus, two Lamiaceae species. METHODS MCF-7 human breast cancer cells were treated with methanolic crude extracts obtained from plant calli and seedlings generated in vitro, and cell proliferation was evaluated. Transcriptional profiling of the seedling and callus tissues was also conducted. RESULTS The mRNA expression levels of RA genes were higher in C. hybridus seedlings than in R. officinalis seedlings, as well as in C. hybridus calli than in R. officinalis calli, except for TAT and C4H. In addition, seedling and callus extracts of both R. officinalis and C. hybridus showed anti-proliferative effects against MCF-7 cells after 24 or 48 h of treatment. DISCUSSION At a low concentration of 10 μg/mL, C. hybridus calli and seedling extracts showed the most significant anti-proliferative effects after 24 and 48 h of exposure (p < 0.01); controls (doxorubicin) also showed significant inhibition, but lesser than that observed with C. hybridus (p < 0.05). Results with R. officinalis callus and seedling extracts did not significantly differ from those with untreated cells. CONCLUSION Methanolic extracts of R. officinalis and C. hybridus are potentially valuable options for breast cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Albogami
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hadeer Darwish
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hala M Abdelmigid
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saqer Alotaibi
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Nour El-Deen
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Taif University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Alaa Alnefaie
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Afnan Alattas
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
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Yahia Darwish H, Abdelmigid H, Albogami S, Alotaibi S, Nour El-Deen A, Alnefaie A. Induction of Biosynthetic Genes Related to Rosmarinic Acid in Plant Callus Culture and Antiproliferative Activity Against Breast Cancer Cell Line. Pak J Biol Sci 2020; 23:1025-1036. [PMID: 32700853 DOI: 10.3923/pjbs.2020.1025.1036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Rosmarinic acid is considered as one of the most important secondary metabolites in medicinal plants especially of family Lamiaceae. Rosmarinic acid can prevent both the tumor initiation and promotion stages of carcinogenesis. The aim of current study was to evaluate the antiproliferative effects of Hyssopus officinalis and Thymus vulgaris callus crude extracts contained rosmarinic acid on breast cancer cells with correlation to phenylpropanoid biosynthetic pathway genes expression. MATERIALS AND METHODS Calli of both plants were maintained on Murashige and Skoog medium supplemented with kinetin and 2,4-D. Rosmarinic acid was determined spectrophotometrically in both seed-germinated plants (control) and callus tissues. Transcriptional profiling of rosmarinic acid pathway genes was performed with RT-PCR system. The human breast cancer cell line MCF-7 was treated with different levels of crude extracts at different time intervals in order to show their effects on the cell proliferation using a cell viability colorimetric assay (MTT). RESULTS The results showed a significant increase of rosmarinic acid content up to 6.5% in callus compared to control. The transcriptional profile of the selected rosmarinic acid genes in callus tissues indicated significant effects on the rosmarinic acid content in both genotypes. T. vulgaris (90 μg mL-1) and H. officinalis (150 μg mL-1) callus extracts had exhibited highest reduction in the cell MCF-7 viability after 48 h of exposure. CONCLUSION It was concluded that rosmarinic acid production increased in callus tissue, showed the higher gene expression levels and remarkably inhibited growth of human breast cancer cell line.
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Khakdan F, Alizadeh H, Ranjbar M. Molecular cloning, functional characterization and expression of a drought inducible phenylalanine ammonia-lyase gene (ObPAL) from Ocimum basilicum L. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2018; 130:464-472. [PMID: 30077922 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2018.07.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2018] [Revised: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 07/22/2018] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) is a control point for branched phenylpropanoid and terpenoid pathways. It represents the first regulatory step to provide a metabolic flux to produce of the precursors needed for biosynthesizing main volatile phenylpropanoid compounds (methyleugenol and methylchavicol) in basil. It is crucial during the stage of the environmental and development stimulants. To obtain better knowledge of the biosynthesis of these phenylpropene compounds, characterization and cloning of Ocimum basilicum PAL (ObPAL) cDNA and its heterologous expression and enzyme activity were assessed. The almost full-length ObPAL was 2064 bp in size encoding a 687-amino-acid polypeptide with molecular weight of 74.642 kDa and theoretical pI of 8.62. Phylogenetic analysis revealed a significant evolutionary relatedness of ObPAL with the PAL sequence reported in different species of Lamiaceae. To further confirm its function, ObPAL was cloned into pET28a (+) vector and expressed in E. coli. The recombinant protein exhibited high PAL activity and could catalyze the L-Phe conversion to trans-cinnamic acid. Expression analysis of PAL gene showed that ObPAL manifested various transcription ratios exposed to drought stress. Overall, our results demonstrated the ObPAL regulation gene is possibly a mechanism dependent on cultivar and drought stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Khakdan
- Biotechnology Department, College of Agriculture, Jahrom University, Jahrom, Iran
| | - Houshang Alizadeh
- Division of Molecular Plant Genetics, Department of Agronomy & Plant Breeding, College of Agriculture & Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Ranjbar
- Microbial Biotechnology Department, College of Biotechnology, Amol University of Special Modern Technologies, Amol, Iran.
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Ru M, Wang K, Bai Z, Peng L, He S, Wang Y, Liang Z. A tyrosine aminotransferase involved in rosmarinic acid biosynthesis in Prunella vulgaris L. Sci Rep 2017; 7:4892. [PMID: 28687763 PMCID: PMC5501851 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-05290-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2017] [Accepted: 05/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Rosmarinic acid (RA) and its derivants are medicinal compounds that comprise the active components of several therapeutics. We isolated and characterised a tyrosine aminotransferase of Prunella vulgaris (PvTAT). Deduced PvTAT was markedly homologous to other known/putative plant TATs. Cytoplasmic localisation of PvTAT was observed in tobacco protoplasts. Recombinantly expressed and purified PvTAT had substrates preference for L-tyrosine and phenylpyruvate, with apparent K m of 0.40 and 0.48 mM, and favoured the conversion of tyrosine to 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate. In vivo activity was confirmed by functional restoration of the Escherichia coli tyrosine auxotrophic mutant DL39. Agrobacterium rhizogenes-mediated antisense/sense expression of PvTAT in hairy roots was used to evaluate the contribution of PvTAT to RA synthesis. PvTAT were reduced by 46-95% and RA were decreased by 36-91% with low catalytic activity in antisense transgenic hairy root lines; furthermore, PvTAT were increased 0.77-2.6-fold with increased 1.3-1.8-fold RA and strong catalytic activity in sense transgenic hairy root lines compared with wild-type counterparts. The comprehensive physiological and catalytic evidence fills in the gap in RA-producing plants which didn't provide evidence for TAT expression and catalytic activities in vitro and in vivo. That also highlights RA biosynthesis pathway in P. vulgaris and provides useful information to engineer natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Ru
- Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences&Ministry of Water Resources, Yangling, 712100, P.R. China
| | - Kunru Wang
- Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences&Ministry of Water Resources, Yangling, 712100, P.R. China
| | - Zhenqing Bai
- Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences&Ministry of Water Resources, Yangling, 712100, P.R. China
| | - Liang Peng
- College of Pharmacy, Shannxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, 710000, P.R. China
| | - Shaoxuan He
- Ecological Environmental Monitoring Station, Environmental Protection Agency, Dazu, 402360, P.R. China
| | - Yong Wang
- Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences&Ministry of Water Resources, Yangling, 712100, P.R. China
| | - Zongsuo Liang
- Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences&Ministry of Water Resources, Yangling, 712100, P.R. China.
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310000, P.R. China.
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Lee SH, Park YJ, Park SU, Lee SW, Kim SC, Jung CS, Jang JK, Hur Y, Kim YB. Expression of Genes Related to Phenylpropanoid Biosynthesis in Different Organs of Ixeris dentata var. albiflora. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22060901. [PMID: 28555066 PMCID: PMC6152745 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22060901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Revised: 05/26/2017] [Accepted: 05/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Members of the genus Ixeris have long been used in traditional medicines as stomachics, sedatives, and diuretics. Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), cinnamate-4-hydroxylase (C4H), 4-coumarate: coenzyme-A (CoA) ligase (4CL), chalcone synthase (CHS), and dihydroflavonol 4-reductase (DFR) are important enzymes in the phenylpropanoid pathway. In this study, we analyzed seven genes from Ixeris dentata var. albiflora that are involved in phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, using an Illumina/Solexa HiSeq 2000 platform. The amino acid sequence alignments for IdPALs, IdC4H, Id4CLs, IdCHS, and IdDFR showed high identity to sequences from other plants. We also investigated transcript levels using quantitative real-time PCR, and analyzed the accumulation of phenylpropanoids in different organs of I. dentata var. albiflora using high-performance liquid chromatography. The transcript levels of IdC4H, Id4CL1, IdCHS, and IdDFR were highest in the leaf. The catechin, chlorogenic acid, ferulic acid, and quercetin contents were also highest in the leaf. We suggest that expression of IdC4H, Id4CL1, IdCHS, and IdDFR is associated with the accumulation of phenylpropanoids. Our results may provide baseline information for elucidating the mechanism of phenylpropanoid biosynthesis in different organs of I. dentata var. albiflora.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Hoon Lee
- Department of Herb Crop Resources, National Institute of Horticultural & Herbal Science, RDA, Eumseong-gun 27709, Korea.
- Department of Biology, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Korea.
| | - Yun-Ji Park
- Department of Crop Science, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Korea.
| | - Sang Un Park
- Department of Crop Science, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Korea.
| | - Sang-Won Lee
- Department of Herb Crop Resources, National Institute of Horticultural & Herbal Science, RDA, Eumseong-gun 27709, Korea.
| | - Seong-Cheol Kim
- Department of Herb Crop Resources, National Institute of Horticultural & Herbal Science, RDA, Eumseong-gun 27709, Korea.
| | - Chan-Sik Jung
- Department of Herb Crop Resources, National Institute of Horticultural & Herbal Science, RDA, Eumseong-gun 27709, Korea.
| | - Jae-Ki Jang
- Department of Herb Crop Resources, National Institute of Horticultural & Herbal Science, RDA, Eumseong-gun 27709, Korea.
| | - Yoonkang Hur
- Department of Biology, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Korea.
| | - Yeon Bok Kim
- Department of Herb Crop Resources, National Institute of Horticultural & Herbal Science, RDA, Eumseong-gun 27709, Korea.
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Li H, Fu Y, Sun H, Zhang Y, Lan X. Transcriptomic analyses reveal biosynthetic genes related to rosmarinic acid in Dracocephalum tanguticum. Sci Rep 2017; 7:74. [PMID: 28250432 PMCID: PMC5428373 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-00078-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2016] [Accepted: 01/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Dracocephalum tanguticum Maxim, a Lamiaceae species endemic to the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau and adjacent regions, is an important ornamental, medicinal and aromatic herb. In this study, a comprehensive transcriptome of 18 libraries from six organs namely, roots, stems, leaves, sepals, flowers and seeds of D. tanguticum were generated. More than 100 Gb of sequence data were obtained and assembled de novo into 187,447 transcripts, including 151,463 unigenes, among which the six organs shared 17.7% (26,841). In addition, all unigenes were assigned to 362 pathways, in which 'biosynthesis of secondary metabolites' is the second enriched pathway. Furthermore, rosmarinic acid (RA) is one of the multifunctional phenolic bioactive compounds produced in some Lamiaceae species. The six organs of D. tanguticum were confirmed to produce RA. A total of 22 predicted biosynthetic genes related to RA from the transcriptome were further isolated. Two of these genes were identified as candidates by evaluating the correlation coefficient between the RA contents and the expression of the predicted biosynthetic genes in the six organs. The new sequence information will improve the knowledge of D. tanguticum, as well as provide a reference tool for future studies of biosynthetic genes related to RA in this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huie Li
- Medicinal Plants Research Centre, Tibet Agricultural and Animal Husbandry College, Nyingchi, 860000, China
- College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Yaru Fu
- Medicinal Plants Research Centre, Tibet Agricultural and Animal Husbandry College, Nyingchi, 860000, China
| | - Hao Sun
- Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Yanfu Zhang
- Medicinal Plants Research Centre, Tibet Agricultural and Animal Husbandry College, Nyingchi, 860000, China
| | - Xiaozhong Lan
- Medicinal Plants Research Centre, Tibet Agricultural and Animal Husbandry College, Nyingchi, 860000, China.
- TAAHC-SWU Medicinal Plants Joint Research and Development Centre, Tibet Agricultural and Animal Husbandry College, Nyingchi, 860000, China.
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Ru M, An Y, Wang K, Peng L, Li B, Bai Z, Wang B, Liang Z. Prunella vulgarisL. hairy roots: Culture, growth, and elicitation by ethephon and salicylic acid. Eng Life Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/elsc.201600001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mei Ru
- Institute of Soil and Water Conservation; Chinese Academy of Sciences & Ministry of Water Resources; Yangling China
| | - Yuyan An
- College of Horticulture; Nanjing Agricultural University; Nanjing China
| | - Kunru Wang
- College of Life Sciences; Northwest A&F University; Yangling China
| | - Liang Peng
- College of Life Sciences; Northwest A&F University; Yangling China
| | - Bo Li
- College of Life Sciences; Northwest A&F University; Yangling China
| | - Zhenqin Bai
- College of Life Sciences; Northwest A&F University; Yangling China
| | - Bangqing Wang
- College of Life Sciences; Northwest A&F University; Yangling China
| | - Zongsuo Liang
- Institute of Soil and Water Conservation; Chinese Academy of Sciences & Ministry of Water Resources; Yangling China
- College of Life Sciences; Northwest A&F University; Yangling China
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Accumulation of kaempferitrin and expression of phenyl-propanoid biosynthetic genes in kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus). Molecules 2014; 19:16987-97. [PMID: 25342553 PMCID: PMC6270828 DOI: 10.3390/molecules191016987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2014] [Revised: 10/08/2014] [Accepted: 10/15/2014] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus) is cultivated worldwide for its fiber; however, the medicinal properties of this plant are currently attracting increasing attention. In this study, we investigated the expression levels of genes involved in the biosynthesis of kaempferitrin, a compound with many biological functions, in different kenaf organs. We found that phenylalanine ammonia lyase (HcPAL) was more highly expressed in stems than in other organs. Expression levels of cinnamate 4-hydroxylase (HcC4H) and 4-coumarate-CoA ligase (Hc4CL) were highest in mature leaves, followed by stems and young leaves, and lowest in roots and mature flowers. The expression of chalcone synthase (HcCHS), chalcone isomerase (HcCHI), and flavone 3-hydroxylase (HcF3H) was highest in young flowers, whereas that of flavone synthase (HcFLS) was highest in leaves. An analysis of kaempferitrin accumulation in the different organs of kenaf revealed that the accumulation of this compound was considerably higher (>10-fold) in leaves than in other organs. On the basis of a comparison of kaempferitrin contents with the expression levels of different genes in different organs, we speculate that HcFLS plays an important regulatory role in the kaempferitrin biosynthetic pathway in kenaf.
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