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Bashir S, Morgan WA. Inhibition of mitochondrial function: An alternative explanation for the antipyretic and hypothermic actions of acetaminophen. Life Sci 2022; 312:121194. [PMID: 36379307 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.121194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Acetaminophen is the medication of choice when treating fever because of its limited anti-inflammatory effects. However at overdose it can cause mitochondrial dysfunction and damage, often associated with metabolism to N-acetyl-p-benzoquinone imine (NAPQI). What has never been investigated is whether the inhibition of mitochondrial function, particularly fatty acid uptake and oxidation could be the key to its antipyretic and hypothermic properties. METHODS Mitochondrial function and fatty acid oxidation (FAO) was determined by measuring oxygen consumption rate (OCR) in isolated mitochondria and in 3T3-L1 adipocytes using the XFp Analyser. Basal fatty acids and adrenergic stimulated OCR of mitochondria and 3T3-L1 adipocytes were assessed with acetaminophen and compared to NAPQI, etomoxir, and various mitochondrial stress compounds. KEY FINDINGS Using the XFp Analyser, acetaminophen (10 mM) decreased FAO by 31 % and 29 % in basal and palmitate stimulated adipocytes. NAPQI (50 μM) caused a 63 % decrease in both basal and palmitate stimulated FAO. Acetaminophen (10 mM) caused a 34 % reduction in basal and adrenergic stimulated OCR. In addition acetaminophen also inhibited complex I and II activity at 5 mM. NAPQI was far more potent at reducing mitochondrial respiratory capacity, maximum respiratory rates and ATP production than acetaminophen. SIGNIFICANCE These studies demonstrate the direct inhibition of mitochondrial function by acetaminophen at concentrations which have been shown to reduce fever and hypothermia in mammals. Understanding how antipyretics directly affect mitochondrial function and heat generation could lead to the development of new antipyretics which are not compromised by the anti-inflammatory and toxicity of the current medications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shazma Bashir
- The Medicines Research Group, School of Health, Sport and Bioscience, University of East London, Stratford Campus, Water Lane, London E15 4LZ, UK
| | - Winston A Morgan
- The Medicines Research Group, School of Health, Sport and Bioscience, University of East London, Stratford Campus, Water Lane, London E15 4LZ, UK.
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Paracetamol-Induced Hypothermia in Rodents: A Review on Pharmacodynamics. Processes (Basel) 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/pr10040687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Paracetamol can induce hypothermia in humans and rodents. The study’s aim is to review the mechanisms of paracetamol-induced hypothermia in rodents or the results issued from in vitro studies on the same species’ tissues (in doses that do not produce hepatic impairment) using the latest developments published in scientific journals over the last 15 years. Available human studies are also analysed. An extensive search in PubMed databases exploring the hypothermic response to paracetamol was conducted. 4669 articles about paracetamol’s effects on body temperature in mice or rats were found. After applying additional filters, 20 articles were selected for review, with 9 of them presented in tabular forms. The analysis of these articles found that the hypothermic effect of paracetamol is due to the inhibition of a cyclooxygenase-1 variant, is potentiated by endothelin receptor antagonists, and can be mediated through GABAA receptors and possibly through transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily A member 1 via N-acetyl-p-benzoquinone imine in the central nervous system. Human studies confirm the in vivo and in vitro experiments in rodents regarding the presence of a hypothermic effect after high, non-toxic doses of paracetamol. Further research is required to understand the mechanisms behind paracetamol’s hypothermic effect in humans.
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Kose D, Cadirci E, Halici Z, Sirin B, Dincer B. The investigation of possible roles of central 5-HT 7 receptors in antipyretic effect mechanism of paracetamol in LPS-induced hyperthermia model of mice. Inflammopharmacology 2019; 27:1169-1178. [PMID: 31309486 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-019-00617-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
AIM This study aimed to investigate the role of the 5-HT7 receptor in fever mechanisms and its possible effect on the antipyretic mechanism of paracetamol. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study consisted of eight experimental groups and one control group. Group I: healthy, II: LPS, III: LPS + PARA, IV: LPS + AGO, V: LPS + ANTA, VI: LPS + AGO + ANTA, VII: LPS + AGO + PARA, VIII: LPS + ANTA + PARA, and IX: LPS + AGO + ANTA + PARA. Rectal temperatures were measured with a rectal thermometer. At the end of the experiment, tissues were examined molecularly. Real-time PCR mRNA expression analyses were performed for the 5-HT7 receptor, IL-6, and TNF-α in hypothalamus tissue. RESULTS The mean differences in rectal temperature increased in the LPS, LPS + ANTA, and LPS + AGO + ANTA groups when compared to the healthy group and decreased in the LPS + PARA, LPS + AGO, LPS + AGO + PARA, and LPS + AGO + ANTA + PARA groups when compared to the healthy group. The IL-6 and TNF-α mRNA expression increased in the LPS, LPS + ANTA, and LPS + AGO + ANTA groups when compared to the healthy group in the 2nd and 4th hours. The IL-6 and TNF-α expression decreased in the LPS + PARA, LPS + AGO, LPS + AGO + PARA, and LPS + AGO + ANTA + PARA groups when compared to the LPS group in the 2nd and 4th hours. The 5-HT7 receptor mRNA expression increased in the LPS group when compared to the healthy group in the 2nd hour. The 5-HT7 receptor mRNA expression decreased in the LPS + AGO and LPS + AGO + PARA groups when compared to the LPS group in the 2nd hour. The 5-HT7 receptor mRNA expression increased the in LPS + ANTA and LPS + ANTA + PARA groups when compared to the LPS group in the 2nd hour. CONCLUSION The 5-HT7 receptor is a potential defense mechanism in stopping fever and the antipyretic property of paracetamol is not due to the 5-HT7 receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duygu Kose
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Ataturk University, 25240, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Elif Cadirci
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Ataturk University, 25240, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Zekai Halici
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Ataturk University, 25240, Erzurum, Turkey.
| | - Busra Sirin
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Ataturk University, 25240, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Busra Dincer
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Binali Yıldırım University, 24100, Erzincan, Turkey
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Matus GN, Pereira BVR, Silva-Zacarin ECM, Costa MJ, Cordeiro Alves Dos Santos A, Nunes B. Behavior and histopathology as biomarkers for evaluation of the effects of paracetamol and propranolol in the neotropical fish species Phalloceros harpagos. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:28601-28618. [PMID: 30094668 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-2839-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Pharmaceutical drugs in the aquatic environment can induce adverse effects on nontarget organisms. This study aimed to assess the short-term effects of sublethal concentrations of both paracetamol and propranolol on the fish Phalloceros harpagos, specifically light/dark preference, swimming patterns, skin pigmentation, histopathology, and liver glycogen levels. Fish were acutely exposed to sublethal concentrations of both paracetamol (0.008, 0.08, 0.8, 8, 80 mg L-1) and propranolol (0.0001, 0.001, 0.01, 0.1, 1 mg L-1) under controlled conditions. For scototaxis, a significant preference for the dark compartment was observed for the group exposed to the highest concentration of paracetamol (80 mg L-1). Propranolol exposure significantly altered the swimming pattern, especially in fish exposed to the 0.001 mg L-1 concentration. Pigmentation was reduced in propranolol-exposed fish (0.1, 1 mg L-1). The lowest concentration of propranolol (0.0001 mg L-1) induced a decrease of histochemical reaction for hepatic glycogen. These data demonstrate that pharmaceuticals can induce sublethal effects in nontarget organisms, even at low concentrations, compromising specific functions of the individual with ecological relevance, such as energy balance and behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregorio Nolazco Matus
- Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia e Monitoramento Ambiental (PPGBMA), Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar), Campus Sorocaba, Rodovia João Leme dos Santos km 110, Itinga, Sorocaba, SP, 18052-780, Brazil
| | - Beatriz V R Pereira
- Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia e Monitoramento Ambiental (PPGBMA), Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar), Campus Sorocaba, Rodovia João Leme dos Santos km 110, Itinga, Sorocaba, SP, 18052-780, Brazil
| | - Elaine C M Silva-Zacarin
- Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia e Monitoramento Ambiental (PPGBMA), Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar), Campus Sorocaba, Rodovia João Leme dos Santos km 110, Itinga, Sorocaba, SP, 18052-780, Brazil
- Departamento de Biologia, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Rodovia João Leme dos Santos km 110, Itinga, Sorocaba, SP, 18052-780, Brazil
| | - Monica Jones Costa
- Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia e Monitoramento Ambiental (PPGBMA), Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar), Campus Sorocaba, Rodovia João Leme dos Santos km 110, Itinga, Sorocaba, SP, 18052-780, Brazil
- Departamento de Biologia, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Rodovia João Leme dos Santos km 110, Itinga, Sorocaba, SP, 18052-780, Brazil
| | - André Cordeiro Alves Dos Santos
- Departamento de Biologia, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Rodovia João Leme dos Santos km 110, Itinga, Sorocaba, SP, 18052-780, Brazil
| | - Bruno Nunes
- Departamento de Biologia, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal.
- Centro de Estudos do Ambiente e do Mar (CESAM, Laboratório Associado), Universidade de Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal.
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Esh CJ, Mauger AR, Palfreeman RA, Al-Janubi H, Taylor L. Acetaminophen (Paracetamol): Use beyond Pain Management and Dose Variability. Front Physiol 2017; 8:1092. [PMID: 29312002 PMCID: PMC5744234 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.01092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J Esh
- Aspetar - Qatar Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, Athlete Health and Performance Research Centre, Doha, Qatar
| | - Alexis R Mauger
- Endurance Research Group, School of Sport and Exercise Sciences, University of Kent, Chatham Maritime, Chatham, United Kingdom
| | - Roger A Palfreeman
- Aspetar - Qatar Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, Exercise and Sports Science Department, Doha, Qatar
| | - Haifa Al-Janubi
- Aspetar - Qatar Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, Pharmacy Department, Doha, Qatar
| | - Lee Taylor
- Aspetar - Qatar Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, Athlete Health and Performance Research Centre, Doha, Qatar.,School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences. Loughborough University, Loughborough, United Kingdom
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Supraspinal-selective TRPV1 desensitization induced by intracerebroventricular treatment with resiniferatoxin. Sci Rep 2017; 7:12452. [PMID: 28963471 PMCID: PMC5622082 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-12717-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The transient receptor potential vanilloid type 1 (TRPV1) is a thermosensitive cation channel that triggers heat pain in the periphery. Long-term desensitization of TRPV1, which can be induced by excess amounts of agonists, has been a method for investigating the physiological relevance of TRPV1-containing neuronal circuits, and desensitization induced by various routes of administration, including systemic, intrathecal and intraganglionic, has been demonstrated in rodents. In the present study, we examined the effect of intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) treatment with an ultrapotent TRPV1 agonist, resiniferatoxin (RTX), on nociception and the analgesic effect of acetaminophen, which is known to mediate the activation of central TRPV1. I.c.v. administration of RTX a week before the test did not affect the licking/biting response to intraplantar injection of RTX (RTX test), suggesting that such i.c.v. treatment spares the function of TRPV1 at the hindpaw. Mice that had been i.c.v.-administered RTX also exhibited normal nociceptive responses in the formalin test and the tail pressure test, but acetaminophen failed to induce analgesia in those mice in any of the tests. These results suggest that i.c.v. administration of RTX leads to brain-selective TRPV1 desensitization in mice.
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