Effect of Minerals on Intestinal IgA Production Using Deep Sea Water Drinks

Long-Term Effects of Microfiltered Seawater and Resistance Training with Elastic Bands on Hepatic Parameters, Inflammation, Oxidative Stress, and Blood Pressure of Older Women: A 32-Week, Double-Blinded, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial

The bulk of research on microfiltered seawater (SW) is based on its short-term effects. However, the long-term physiological adaptations to combining SW and resistance training (RT) are unknown. This study aimed to analyse the impact of an RT program using elastic bands combined with SW intake on hepatic biomarkers, inflammation, oxidative stress, and blood pressure in post-menopausal women. Ninety-three women voluntarily participated (age: 70 ± 6.26 years; body mass index: 22.05 ± 3.20 kg/m2; Up-and-Go Test: 6.66 ± 1.01 s). RT consisted of six exercises (32 weeks, 2 days/week). Nonsignificant differences were reported for hepatic biomarkers except for a reduction in glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (GPT) in both RT groups (RT + SW: p = 0.003, ES = 0.51; RT + Placebo: p = 0.012, ES = 0.36). Concerning oxidative stress, vitamin D increased significantly in RT + SW (p = 0.008, ES = 0.25). Regarding inflammation, interleukin 6 significantly decreased (p = 0.003, ES = 0.69) in RT + SW. Finally, systolic blood pressure significantly decreased in both RT groups (RT + placebo: p < 0.001, ES = 0.79; RT + SW: p < 0.001, ES = 0.71) as did diastolic blood pressure in both SW groups (RT + SW: p = 0.002, ES = 0.51; CON + SW: p = 0.028, ES = 0.50). Therefore, RT + SW or SW alone are safe strategies in the long term with no influences on hepatic and oxidative stress biomarkers. Additionally, SW in combination with RT positively influences vitamin D levels, inflammation, and blood pressure in older women.

Beneficial Effects of Natural Mineral Waters on Intestinal Inflammation and the Mucosa-Associated Microbiota

Natural mineral water (NMWs) intake has been traditionally used in the treatment of various gastrointestinal diseases. We investigated the effect of two French NMWs, one a calcium and magnesium sulphate, sodium chloride, carbonic, and ferruginous water (NMW1), the other a mainly bicarbonate water (NMW2) on the prevention of intestinal inflammation. Intestinal epithelial cells stimulated with heat inactivated Escherichia coli or H₂O₂ were treated with NMWs to evaluate the anti-inflammatory effects. Moderate colitis was induced by 1% dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) in Balbc/J mice drinking NMW1, NWW2, or control water. General signs and histological features of colitis, fecal lipocalin-2 and pro-inflammatory KC cytokine levels, global mucosa-associated microbiota, were analyzed. We demonstrated that both NMW1 and NMW2 exhibited anti-inflammatory effects using intestinal cells. In induced-colitis mice, NMW1 was effective in dampening intestinal inflammation, with significant reductions in disease activity scores, fecal lipocalin-2 levels, pro-inflammatory KC cytokine release, and intestinal epithelial lesion sizes. Moreover, NMW1 was sufficient to prevent alterations in the mucosa-associated microbiota. These observations, through mechanisms involving modulation of the mucosa-associated microbiota, emphasize the need of investigation of the potential clinical efficiency of such NMWs to contribute, in human beings, to a state of low inflammation in inflammatory bowel disease.

Bactericidal and Virucidal Efficacies and Safety of Puriton®

In 2016, infectious microbes were one of the leading causes of death, especially in developing countries. Puriton® is a mineral mixture consisting of biotite, kaolinite, montmorillonite, serpentine, clinochlore, and vermiculite, and evaluated antimicrobial activity in vitro and safety in vivo. Nine pathogens and opportunistic bacteria, namely Salmonella typhimurium, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Alcaligenes faecalis, Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, Micrococcus luteus, Mycobacterium smegmatis, and Bacillus subtilis, and the two viruses Zika and Influenza A/Duck/MN/1525/81 were used. A 26-week oral repeated safety study of Puriton® was conducted. Puriton® suppressed the bacterial proliferation, with a minimum proliferative rate of 91.1% in B. subtilis ATCC6633. The virucidal efficacy of Puriton® against Zika virus after 4 h and 18 h of contact time was significant in all groups treated with Puriton®. Twenty-six-week repeated oral administration of Puriton® was considered safe based on physiological results, such as behavior and blood cells/chemistry, and histopathological changes in the brain, heart, kidney, liver, and lung. We concluded that Puriton® exerted bactericidal and virucidal efficacies and was safe for 26-week repeated oral administration.