1
|
Leng Q, Imtiyaz Z, Woodle MC, Mixson AJ. Delivery of Chemotherapy Agents and Nucleic Acids with pH-Dependent Nanoparticles. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:1482. [PMID: 37242725 PMCID: PMC10222096 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15051482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
With less than one percent of systemically injected nanoparticles accumulating in tumors, several novel approaches have been spurred to direct and release the therapy in or near tumors. One such approach depends on the acidic pH of the extracellular matrix and endosomes of the tumor. With an average pH of 6.8, the extracellular tumor matrix provides a gradient for pH-responsive particles to accumulate, enabling greater specificity. Upon uptake by tumor cells, nanoparticles are further exposed to lower pHs, reaching a pH of 5 in late endosomes. Based on these two acidic environments in the tumor, various pH-dependent targeting strategies have been employed to release chemotherapy or the combination of chemotherapy and nucleic acids from macromolecules such as the keratin protein or polymeric nanoparticles. We will review these release strategies, including pH-sensitive linkages between the carrier and hydrophobic chemotherapy agent, the protonation and disruption of polymeric nanoparticles, an amalgam of these first two approaches, and the release of polymers shielding drug-loaded nanoparticles. While several pH-sensitive strategies have demonstrated marked antitumor efficacy in preclinical trials, many studies are early in their development with several obstacles that may limit their clinical use.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qixin Leng
- Department of Pathology, University Maryland School of Medicine, University of Maryland, 10 S. Pine St., Baltimore, MD 21201, USA (Z.I.)
| | - Zuha Imtiyaz
- Department of Pathology, University Maryland School of Medicine, University of Maryland, 10 S. Pine St., Baltimore, MD 21201, USA (Z.I.)
| | | | - A. James Mixson
- Department of Pathology, University Maryland School of Medicine, University of Maryland, 10 S. Pine St., Baltimore, MD 21201, USA (Z.I.)
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Kodama Y, Tokunaga A, Hashizume J, Nakagawa H, Harasawa H, Kurosaki T, Nakamura T, Nishida K, Nakashima M, Hashida M, Kawakami S, Sasaki H. Evaluation of transgene expression characteristics and DNA vaccination against melanoma metastasis of an intravenously injected ternary complex with biodegradable dendrigraft poly-L-lysine in mice. Drug Deliv 2021; 28:542-549. [PMID: 33685317 PMCID: PMC7946064 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2021.1895904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
We developed a biocompatible splenic vector for a DNA vaccine against melanoma. The splenic vector is a ternary complex composed of plasmid DNA (pDNA), biodegradable dendrigraft poly-L-lysine (DGL), and γ-polyglutamic acid (γ-PGA), the selective uptake of which by the spleen has already been demonstrated. The ternary complex containing pDNA encoding luciferase (pCMV-Luc) exhibited stronger luciferase activity for RAW264.7 mouse macrophage-like cells than naked pCMV-Luc. Although the ternary complex exhibited strong luciferase activity in the spleen after its tail vein injection, luciferase activity in the liver and spleen was significantly decreased by a pretreatment with clodronate liposomes, which depleted macrophages in the liver and spleen. These results indicate that the ternary complex is mainly transfected in macrophages and is a suitable formulation for DNA vaccination. We applied the ternary complex to a pUb-M melanoma DNA vaccine. The ternary complex containing pUb-M suppressed the growth of melanoma and lung metastasis by B16-F10 mouse melanoma cells. We also examined the acute and liver toxicities of the pUb-M ternary complex at an excess pDNA dose in mice. All mice survived the injection of the excess amount of the ternary complex. Liver toxicity was negligible in mice injected with the excess amount of the ternary complex. In conclusion, we herein confirmed that the ternary complex was mainly transfected into macrophages in the spleen after its tail vein injection. We also showed the prevention of melanoma metastasis by the DNA vaccine and the safety of the ternary complex.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yukinobu Kodama
- Department of Hospital Pharmacy, Nagasaki University Hospital, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Ayako Tokunaga
- Department of Hospital Pharmacy, Nagasaki University Hospital, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Junya Hashizume
- Department of Hospital Pharmacy, Nagasaki University Hospital, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Hiroo Nakagawa
- Department of Hospital Pharmacy, Nagasaki University Hospital, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Hitomi Harasawa
- Department of Hospital Pharmacy, Nagasaki University Hospital, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Kurosaki
- Department of Hospital Pharmacy, Nagasaki University Hospital, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Tadahiro Nakamura
- Department of Hospital Pharmacy, Nagasaki University Hospital, Nagasaki, Japan.,Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Koyo Nishida
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Mikiro Nakashima
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Mitsuru Hashida
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shigeru Kawakami
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Sasaki
- Department of Hospital Pharmacy, Nagasaki University Hospital, Nagasaki, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Kodama Y, Nakashima M, Nagahara T, Oyama N, Hashizume J, Nakagawa H, Harasawa H, Muro T, Kurosaki T, Yamashita C, Hashida M, Kitahara T, Sasaki H, Kawakami S, Nakamura T. Development of a DNA Vaccine for Melanoma Metastasis by Inhalation Based on an Analysis of Transgene Expression Characteristics of Naked pDNA and a Ternary Complex in Mouse Lung Tissues. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:E540. [PMID: 32545209 PMCID: PMC7355686 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12060540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 06/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study investigated a pulmonary delivery system of plasmid DNA (pDNA) and its application to melanoma DNA vaccines. pCMV-Luc, pEGFP-C1, and pZsGreen were used as a model pDNA to evaluate transfection efficacy after inhalation in mice. Naked pDNA and a ternary complex, consisting of pDNA, dendrigraft poly-l-lysine (DGL), and γ-polyglutamic acid (γ-PGA), both showed strong gene expression in the lungs after inhalation. The transgene expression was detected in alveolar macrophage-rich sites by observation using multi-color deep imaging. On the basis of these results, we used pUb-M, which expresses melanoma-related antigens (ubiquitinated murine melanoma gp100 and tyrosinase-related protein 2 (TRP2) peptide epitopes), as DNA vaccine for melanoma. The inhalation of naked pUb-M and its ternary complex significantly inhibited the metastasis of B16-F10 cells, a melanoma cell line, in mice. The levels of the inflammatory cytokines, such as TNF-α, IFN-γ, and IL-6, which enhance Th1 responses, were higher with the pUb-M ternary complex than with naked pUb-M and pEGFP-C1 ternary complex as control. In conclusion, we clarified that the inhalation of naked pDNA as well as its ternary complex are a useful technique for cancer vaccination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yukinobu Kodama
- Department of Hospital Pharmacy, Nagasaki University Hospital, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8501, Japan; (Y.K.); (J.H.); (H.N.); (H.H.); (T.M.); (T.K.); (H.S.)
| | - Mikiro Nakashima
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8588, Japan; (M.N.); (T.N.); (N.O.); (S.K.)
| | - Tadayuki Nagahara
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8588, Japan; (M.N.); (T.N.); (N.O.); (S.K.)
| | - Natsuko Oyama
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8588, Japan; (M.N.); (T.N.); (N.O.); (S.K.)
| | - Junya Hashizume
- Department of Hospital Pharmacy, Nagasaki University Hospital, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8501, Japan; (Y.K.); (J.H.); (H.N.); (H.H.); (T.M.); (T.K.); (H.S.)
| | - Hiroo Nakagawa
- Department of Hospital Pharmacy, Nagasaki University Hospital, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8501, Japan; (Y.K.); (J.H.); (H.N.); (H.H.); (T.M.); (T.K.); (H.S.)
| | - Hitomi Harasawa
- Department of Hospital Pharmacy, Nagasaki University Hospital, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8501, Japan; (Y.K.); (J.H.); (H.N.); (H.H.); (T.M.); (T.K.); (H.S.)
| | - Takahiro Muro
- Department of Hospital Pharmacy, Nagasaki University Hospital, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8501, Japan; (Y.K.); (J.H.); (H.N.); (H.H.); (T.M.); (T.K.); (H.S.)
| | - Tomoaki Kurosaki
- Department of Hospital Pharmacy, Nagasaki University Hospital, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8501, Japan; (Y.K.); (J.H.); (H.N.); (H.H.); (T.M.); (T.K.); (H.S.)
| | - Chikamasa Yamashita
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan;
| | - Mitsuru Hashida
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, 46-29 Yoshida-Shimo-Adachi-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan;
| | - Takashi Kitahara
- Department of Pharmacy, Yamaguchi University Hospital, 1-1-1 MinamiKogushi, Ube, Yamaguchi 755-8505, Japan;
| | - Hitoshi Sasaki
- Department of Hospital Pharmacy, Nagasaki University Hospital, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8501, Japan; (Y.K.); (J.H.); (H.N.); (H.H.); (T.M.); (T.K.); (H.S.)
| | - Shigeru Kawakami
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8588, Japan; (M.N.); (T.N.); (N.O.); (S.K.)
| | - Tadahiro Nakamura
- Department of Hospital Pharmacy, Nagasaki University Hospital, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8501, Japan; (Y.K.); (J.H.); (H.N.); (H.H.); (T.M.); (T.K.); (H.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Xu D, Yao J, Zhang Y, Xiao N, Peng P, Li Z, Pan Z, Yao Z. The Effect of PEI-Mediated E1A on the Radiosensitivity of Hepatic Carcinoma Cells. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2020; 21:911-917. [PMID: 32334450 PMCID: PMC7445989 DOI: 10.31557/apjcp.2020.21.4.911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: The study was undertaken to investigate the effects of polyethyleneimine (PEI)-mediated adenovirus 5 early region 1A (E1A) on radiosensitivity of human hepatic carcinoma cell in vitro and to disclosure the underlying mechanism. Materials and Methods: Human hepatic carcinoma SMMC-7721 cell line was transfected with E1A gene using PEI vector. Untransfected cells (SMMC-7721 group), cells transfected with blank-vector (SMMC-7721-vect group), and cells transfected with E1A gene (SMMC-7721-E1A group) were treated with 6 MV X-ray irradiation at doses of 0, 1, 2, 4, 8 and Gy, respectively. Radiosensitivity was determined by MTT assay and quantified by calculating the cell survival rate. Cell-cycle distribution and apotosis rate were monitored by flow cytometry. Results: The survival rate of SMMC-7721-E1A was significantly lower than that of SMMC-7721 cell. Apoptosis rate of SMMC-7721-E1A group was significantly higher than that of SMMC-7721group (P<0.01).The ratio of S stage in cell cycle of SMMC-7721-E1A was significantly lower than that in SMMC-7721 cell. The ratio of G2/M stage in cell cycle of SMMC-7721-E1A was significantly higher than that in SMMC-7721 cell (P<0.01). Conclusion: PEI could transfect E1A gene into hepatic carcinoma cells PEI-mediated E1A could effectively enhance radiosensitivity of hepatic carcinoma cells which may be related to its effects on apoptosis promoting leading to S phase suppression and G2/M phase arrest.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Danghui Xu
- Department of Radiology,Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine,Jiangsu Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Nanjing, Jiangsu Province ,China
| | - Jianxin Yao
- Department of Medical Imaging, Nanjing Vocational Health College, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yiwen Zhang
- Department of Nursing, The Affiliated Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Nan Xiao
- Department of Medical Imaging, Nanjing Vocational Health College, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Peng Peng
- Department of Nursing, Nanjing Health College of Jiangsu Union Technical Institute, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Zhanfeng Li
- Department of Medical Imaging, Nanjing Vocational Health College, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Zhiyao Pan
- Department of Basic Medical Science, Zhejiang University Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Zhifeng Yao
- Department of Oncology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China.,Department of Radiotherapy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Li Z, Yao Z, Zhang Y, Yao J, Pan Z, Chen J. Polyethylenimine (PEI)-Mediated E1A Increases the Sensitivity of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells to Chemotherapy. Med Sci Monit Basic Res 2019; 25:113-120. [PMID: 30956277 PMCID: PMC6475126 DOI: 10.12659/msmbr.914811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to assess the ability of polyethylenimine (PEI) as an E1A plasmid vector to transfect hepatocellular carcinoma SMMC-7721 cells and to analyze the sensitization effect of E1A on various anti-tumor drugs. MATERIAL AND METHODS PEI-mediated recombinant plasmid psv-E1A with high expression of the E1A gene was introduced into hepatocellular carcinoma SMMC-7721 cells, and the effective transfection of E1A gene was determined by RT-PCR and Western blot analysis. The CCK8 method was used to detect the proliferation inhibition of docetaxel, epirubicin, gemcitabine, and 5-fluorouracil on SMMC-7721 cells before and after the transfection of the E1A gene. RESULTS RT-PCR and Western blot analysis showed that PEI could transfect plasmid psv-E1A with stable expression. After the transfection of E1A gene, the sensitivity of SMMC-7721 cells to docetaxel, epirubicin, gemcitabine, and 5-fluorouracil was increased (P<0.05), and the sensitivity to docetaxel was significantly improved (P<0.01). CONCLUSIONS PEI can transfect plasmid psv-E1A. The E1A gene can increase the sensitivity of hepatocellular carcinoma cells to chemotherapeutic drugs. The mechanism may be related to the increased ability of the E1A gene to inhibit proliferation of hepatocellular carcinoma cells and altering the cell cycle of hepatocellular carcinoma cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhanfeng Li
- Department of Medical Imaging, Nanjing Vocational Health College, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China (mainland)
| | - Zhifeng Yao
- Department of Radiotherapy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China (mainland).,Department of Oncology, The Third Clinical Medical School of Nanjing Medical University, The Affiliated Nanjing Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China (mainland)
| | - Yiwen Zhang
- Department of Nursing, The Affiliated Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China (mainland)
| | - Jianxin Yao
- Department of Medical Imaging, Nanjing Vocational Health College, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China (mainland)
| | - Zhiyao Pan
- Basic Medical Department, Zhejiang University Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China (mainland)
| | - Jinfei Chen
- Department of Radiotherapy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China (mainland).,Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Taikang Xianlin Drum Tower Hospital of Mount Sinai Hospital, The Affiliated Taikang Xianlin Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China (mainland)
| |
Collapse
|