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Shaghaghi Z, Alvandi M, Farzipour S, Dehbanpour MR, Nosrati S. A review of effects of atorvastatin in cancer therapy. MEDICAL ONCOLOGY (NORTHWOOD, LONDON, ENGLAND) 2022; 40:27. [PMID: 36459301 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-022-01892-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is one of the most challenging diseases to manage. A sizeable number of researches are done each year to find better diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. At the present time, a package of chemotherapy, targeted therapy, radiotherapy, and immunotherapy is available to cope with cancer cells. Regarding chemo-radiation therapy, low effectiveness and normal tissue toxicity are like barriers against optimal response. To remedy the situation, some agents have been proposed as adjuvants to improve tumor responses. Statins, the known substances for reducing lipid, have shown a considerable capability for cancer treatment. Among them, atorvastatin as a reductase (HMG-CoA) inhibitor might affect proliferation, migration, and survival of cancer cells. Since finding an appropriate adjutant is of great importance, numerous studies have been conducted to precisely unveil antitumor effects of atorvastatin and its associated pathways. In this review, we aim to comprehensively review the most highlighted studies which focus on the use of atorvastatin in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Shaghaghi
- Cancer Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.,Cardiovascular Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Maryam Alvandi
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran. .,Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
| | - Soghra Farzipour
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Diseases Research Center, School of Medicine, Heshmat Hospital, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran.,Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Dehbanpour
- Department of Radiology, School of Paramedicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Sahar Nosrati
- Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology, Dorodna 16 Str, 03-195, Warsaw, Poland
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2
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Yin X, Xu R, Song J, Ruze R, Chen Y, Wang C, Xu Q. Lipid metabolism in pancreatic cancer: emerging roles and potential targets. CANCER COMMUNICATIONS (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2022; 42:1234-1256. [PMID: 36107801 PMCID: PMC9759769 DOI: 10.1002/cac2.12360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is one of the most serious health issues in developed and developing countries, with a 5-year overall survival rate currently <9%. Patients typically present with advanced disease due to vague symptoms or lack of screening for early cancer detection. Surgical resection represents the only chance for cure, but treatment options are limited for advanced diseases, such as distant metastatic or locally progressive tumors. Although adjuvant chemotherapy has improved long-term outcomes in advanced cancer patients, its response rate is low. So, exploring other new treatments is urgent. In recent years, increasing evidence has shown that lipid metabolism can support tumorigenesis and disease progression as well as treatment resistance through enhanced lipid synthesis, storage, and catabolism. Therefore, a better understanding of lipid metabolism networks may provide novel and promising strategies for early diagnosis, prognosis estimation, and targeted therapy for pancreatic cancer patients. In this review, we first enumerate and discuss current knowledge about the advances made in understanding the regulation of lipid metabolism in pancreatic cancer. In addition, we summarize preclinical studies and clinical trials with drugs targeting lipid metabolic systems in pancreatic cancer. Finally, we highlight the challenges and opportunities for targeting lipid metabolism pathways through precision therapies in pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinpeng Yin
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical SciencesPeking Union Medical CollegeBeijing100023P. R China
| | - Ruiyuan Xu
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical SciencesPeking Union Medical CollegeBeijing100023P. R China
| | - Jianlu Song
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical SciencesPeking Union Medical CollegeBeijing100023P. R China
| | - Rexiati Ruze
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical SciencesPeking Union Medical CollegeBeijing100023P. R China
| | - Yuan Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical SciencesPeking Union Medical CollegeBeijing100023P. R China
| | - Chengcheng Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical SciencesPeking Union Medical CollegeBeijing100023P. R China
| | - Qiang Xu
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical SciencesPeking Union Medical CollegeBeijing100023P. R China
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Yu S, Wang L, Che D, Zhang M, Li M, Naito M, Xin W, Zhou L. Targeting CRABP-II overcomes pancreatic cancer drug resistance by reversing lipid raft cholesterol accumulation and AKT survival signaling. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2022; 41:88. [PMID: 35260193 PMCID: PMC8903155 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-022-02261-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Background Resistance to standard therapy is a major reason for the poor prognosis of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Developing novel therapy to overcome PDAC drug-resistance is urgently needed. CRABP-II was highly expressed in all PDAC but not expressed in normal pancreatic tissues and chronic pancreatitis. CRABP-II was shown to promote PDAC migration and metastasis while its potential role in promoting PDAC drug-resistance was not known. Methods A paired cohort of human primary and relapsing PDAC tissues was assessed for CRABP-II expression by immunohistochemistry. CRISPR/cas9 gene editing was used to establish CRABP-II knockout cell lines and MTT assays were performed to assess gemcitabine sensitivity in vitro. Cleaved caspase-3/PARP blots and Annexin V staining were conducted to detect cell apoptosis. Gene expression microarray, Q-PCR, western blots, Co-IP and RNA-IP were used to study the molecular function of CRABP-II. Sucrose gradient ultracentrifugation was applied to isolate lipid rafts and LC–MS-MS was used to assess cholesterol content. Both subcutaneous CDX models and orthotopic PDX models were established to examine the efficacy of SNIPER-11 and the synergistic effect between SNIPER-11 and gemcitabine in vivo. Results A higher expression of CRABP-II was found in relapsing PDAC tissue and was associated with poor prognosis. Gemcitabine-resistant cell lines exhibited increased level of CRABP-II, while CRABP-II knockout resensitized PDAC cells to gemcitabine. Mechanistically, aberrant expression of CRABP-II increased the stability of SREBP-1c mRNA through cooperation with HuR and upregulated the downstream genes of SREBP-1c to favor cholesterol uptake and accumulation in lipid rafts. Increased lipid raft cholesterol accumulation facilitated ATK survival signaling and PDAC drug resistance. The small compound SNIPER-11 treatment effectively induced CRABP-II protein degradation, induced apoptosis, and suppressed tumor growth. Combination of SNIPER-11 and gemcitabine significantly reduced the lipid raft cholesterol content in CDX/PDX and profoundly inhibited tumor progression. Conclusions These findings identified CRABP-II as a novel regulator of cholesterol metabolism and suggested that CRABP-II is a selective target for overcoming PDAC drug resistance. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13046-022-02261-0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuiliang Yu
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Danian Che
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Mei Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Ming Li
- Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Core Facility, Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA.,Division of Biostatistics of the Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angles, California, USA
| | - Mikihiko Naito
- Division of Molecular Target and Gene Therapy Products, National Institute of Health Sciences, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Wei Xin
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA.,Department of Pathology, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Lan Zhou
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA. .,Department of Pathology, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA.
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Li Z, Xie X, Tan G, Xie F, Liu N, Li W, Sun X. Disulfiram Synergizes with SRC Inhibitors to Suppress the Growth of Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma Cells in Vitro and in Vivo. Biol Pharm Bull 2021; 44:1323-1331. [PMID: 34471060 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b21-00353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Disulfiram (DSF), an old anti-alcoholism drug, has emerged as a candidate for drug repurposing in oncology. In exploratory studies on its therapeutic effects, we unexpectedly discovered that DSF increased the phosphorylation of SRC, a proto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase elevated in 70% of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) cases. This serendipitous and novel finding led to our hypothesis for the current study which proposes DSF may synergize with SRC inhibitors in suppressing PDAC. Human PDAC PANC-1 and BXPC-3 cells were incubated with DSF chelated with copper (Cu2+), SRC inhibitors (PP2 and dasatinib), or transfected with lentiviral short hairpin RNA (shRNA), and their proliferation and apoptosis were analyzed. A xenograft model was employed to verify the in vitro results. The expression of key molecules was detected. DSF significantly inhibited cell proliferation and induced cell apoptosis by increasing the cleavage of poly ADP ribose polymerase (PARP), downregulating Bcl-2 and upregulating p27 in concentration- and time-dependent manners. DSF had little effect on signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) expression but inhibited its phosphorylation. DSF did not alter SRC expression but significantly increased its phosphorylation through upregulating actin filament associated protein 1 like 2 (AFAP1L2). DSF exhibited a synergistic effect, as analyzed by drug coefficient interactions, with either PP2, or dasatinib, or SRC depletion in suppressing PDAC cells in vitro and/or in vivo. The present results indicate DSF is a potential therapeutic drug, particularly when it is combined with SRC inhibitors, and warrant further studies on the pharmacological utility of DSF as a promising adjunct therapy for the treatment of PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyi Li
- Hepatosplenic Surgery Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University
| | - Xiangjun Xie
- Department of Gastroenterology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University
| | - Gang Tan
- Department of General Surgery, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University
| | - Fangyu Xie
- Department of Cardiology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University
| | - Nianjiao Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, the First Hospital Affiliated of Harbin Medical University
| | - Weidong Li
- Hepatosplenic Surgery Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University.,Department of General Surgery, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University
| | - Xueying Sun
- Hepatosplenic Surgery Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University
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Zylberberg HM, Rustgi SD, Yang A, Aronson A, Kessel E, Amin S, Lucas AL. Bisphosphonate Use Does Not Impact Survival in Patients with Pancreatic Cancer: A Propensity Score Matching Analysis. Gut Liver 2021; 15:782-790. [PMID: 34158422 PMCID: PMC8444100 DOI: 10.5009/gnl20297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/Aims Bisphosphonates are increasingly recognized for their anti-neoplastic properties, which are the result of their action on the mevalonate pathway. Our primary aim was to investigate the association between bisphosphonate use and survival in patients with pancreatic cancer. Since statins also act on the mevalonate pathway, we also investigated the effect of the combined use of bisphosphonates and statins on survival. Methods The Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results registry (SEER)-Medicare linked database was used to identify patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) between 2007 and 2015. Kaplan-Meier models were used to examine the association between survival with bisphosphonate use alone and in combination with statins within 1 year prior to the diagnosis of PDAC. Propensity score matching analysis and Cox-proportional hazard models were used to determine the association between overall survival with bisphosphonate use alone and combined with statins, after adjusting for relevant confounders, such as the Charlson comorbidity index score, stage, treatment, sociodemographic characteristics, and propensity score. Results In total, 13,639 patients with PDAC were identified, and 1,203 (8.82%) used bisphosphonates. There was no difference in the mean survival duration between bisphosphonate users (7.27 months) and nonusers (7.25 months, p=0.61). After adjustment for confounders, bisphosphonate use was still not associated with improved survival (hazard ratio, 1.00; 95% confidence interval, 0.93 to 1.08; p=0.96). Combined bisphosphonate and statin use was also not associated with improved survival (hazard ratio, 0.97; 95% confidence interval, 0.87 to 1.07; p=0.48) after adjustment for confounders. Conclusions Our findings suggest that the use of bisphosphonates, whether alone or in combination with statins, does not confer a survival advantage in patients with PDAC. (Gut Liver 2021;15-790)
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Affiliation(s)
- Haley M Zylberberg
- Department of Internal Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Sheila D Rustgi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY.,Division of Gastroenterology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Anthony Yang
- Division of Gastroenterology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Anne Aronson
- Division of Gastroenterology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Elizabeth Kessel
- Division of Gastroenterology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Sunil Amin
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of Miami Leonard Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Aimee L Lucas
- Department of Internal Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY.,Division of Gastroenterology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
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Tilija Pun N, Jeong CH. Statin as a Potential Chemotherapeutic Agent: Current Updates as a Monotherapy, Combination Therapy, and Treatment for Anti-Cancer Drug Resistance. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14050470. [PMID: 34065757 PMCID: PMC8156779 DOI: 10.3390/ph14050470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is incurable because progressive phenotypic and genotypic changes in cancer cells lead to resistance and recurrence. This indicates the need for the development of new drugs or alternative therapeutic strategies. The impediments associated with new drug discovery have necessitated drug repurposing (i.e., the use of old drugs for new therapeutic indications), which is an economical, safe, and efficacious approach as it is emerged from clinical drug development or may even be marketed with a well-established safety profile and optimal dosing. Statins are inhibitors of HMG-CoA reductase in cholesterol biosynthesis and are used in the treatment of hypercholesterolemia, atherosclerosis, and obesity. As cholesterol is linked to the initiation and progression of cancer, statins have been extensively used in cancer therapy with a concept of drug repurposing. Many studies including in vitro and in vivo have shown that statin has been used as monotherapy to inhibit cancer cell proliferation and induce apoptosis. Moreover, it has been used as a combination therapy to mediate synergistic action to overcome anti-cancer drug resistance as well. In this review, the recent explorations are done in vitro, in vivo, and clinical trials to address the action of statin either single or in combination with anti-cancer drugs to improve the chemotherapy of the cancers were discussed. Here, we discussed the emergence of statin as a lipid-lowering drug; its use to inhibit cancer cell proliferation and induction of apoptosis as a monotherapy; and its use in combination with anti-cancer drugs for its synergistic action to overcome anti-cancer drug resistance. Furthermore, we discuss the clinical trials of statins and the current possibilities and limitations of preclinical and clinical investigations.
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赵 美, 杨 炜, 李 金, 王 自, 邵 国. [Positive rate and accuracy of ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration cytology for detecting suspected thyroid carcinoma nodules of different sizes]. NAN FANG YI KE DA XUE XUE BAO = JOURNAL OF SOUTHERN MEDICAL UNIVERSITY 2020; 40:693-697. [PMID: 32897217 PMCID: PMC7277305 DOI: 10.12122/j.issn.1673-4254.2020.05.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To analyze the accuracy and positive rate of ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration (US-FNA) cytology for detecting suspected thyroid cancer nodules of different sizes. METHODS A total of 591 patients with 594 suspected malignant thyroid nodules received examinations with US-FNA cytology. Based on their size, the nodules were divided into group I (4-5 mm), group II (6-10 mm), group III (>10 mm). With the results of pathology as the standard, we analyzed the results of US-FNA cytology for detecting thyroid carcinoma in terms of its accuracy, indeterminate rate, positive predictive value and negative predictive value for nodules of different sizes. RESULTS The positive rates in group I, group II and group III were 39.2% (40/102), 48.2% (172/357) and 65.2% (88/135), respectively, similar between groups I and II (P=0.107) and differed significantly between groups I and III (P=0.000) and between groups II and III (P=0.001). The accuracy, indeterminate rate, positive predictive value and negative predictive value in the 3 groups were 95.5% (21/22), 97.1% (100/103), and 94.4% (51/54); 2.9% (3/102), 2.8% (10/357), and 1.5% (2/135); 100%, 100%, and 98%; 66.7%, 57.1%, and 33.3%, respectively, showing no significant differences among the 3 groups. CONCLUSIONS The size of the thyroid nodules can affect the positive rate but does not have significant effects on the accuracy, indeterminate rate, positive predictive value or negative predictive value of US-FNA cytology.
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Affiliation(s)
- 美丽 赵
- 南京医科大学附属南京医院//南京市第一医院 功能检查科, 江苏 南京 210006Department of Functional Examination, Nanjing Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University/Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing 210006, China
| | - 炜 杨
- 南京医科大学附属南京医院//南京市第一医院 功能检查科, 江苏 南京 210006Department of Functional Examination, Nanjing Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University/Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing 210006, China
| | - 金凤 李
- 南京医科大学附属南京医院//南京市第一医院 功能检查科, 江苏 南京 210006Department of Functional Examination, Nanjing Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University/Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing 210006, China
| | - 自正 王
- 南京医科大学附属南京医院//南京市第一医院 核医学科, 江苏 南京 210006Department of Nuclear Medicine, Nanjing Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University/Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing 210006, China
| | - 国强 邵
- 南京医科大学附属南京医院//南京市第一医院 核医学科, 江苏 南京 210006Department of Nuclear Medicine, Nanjing Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University/Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing 210006, China
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