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Khan MS, Wong GL, Zhuang C, Najjar MK, Lo HW. Crosstalk between breast cancer-derived microRNAs and brain microenvironmental cells in breast cancer brain metastasis. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1436942. [PMID: 39175471 PMCID: PMC11338853 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1436942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 08/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most frequent malignancy in women, constituting 15.2% of all new cancers diagnosed in the United States. Distant breast cancer metastasis accounts for the majority of breast cancer-related deaths; brain metastasis is the third most common site for metastatic breast cancer but is associated with worst prognosis of approximately eight months of survival. Current treatment options for breast cancer brain metastasis (BCBM) are limited and ineffective. To help identify new and effective therapies for BCBM, it is important to investigate the mechanisms by which breast cancer cells metastasize to the brain and thrive in the brain microenvironment. To this end, studies have reported that primary breast tumor cells can prime brain microenvironmental cells, including, astrocytes and microglia, to promote the formation of BCBM through the release of extracellular vesicle-microRNAs (miRNAs). Breast tumor-derived miRNAs can also promote breast cancer cell invasion through the blood-brain barrier by disrupting the integrity of the brain microvascular endothelial cells. In this review, we summarize current literature on breast cancer-derived BCBM-promoting miRNAs, cover their roles in the complex steps of BCBM particularly their interactions with microenvironmental cells within the brain metastatic niche, and finally discuss their therapeutic applications in the management of BCBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Munazza S. Khan
- Vivian L. Smith Department of Neurosurgery, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Houston Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Grace L. Wong
- Vivian L. Smith Department of Neurosurgery, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Houston Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Chuling Zhuang
- Vivian L. Smith Department of Neurosurgery, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Houston Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Mariana K. Najjar
- Vivian L. Smith Department of Neurosurgery, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Houston Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Hui-Wen Lo
- Vivian L. Smith Department of Neurosurgery, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Houston Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
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Moshrefiravasjani R, Kamrani A, Nazari N, Jafari F, Nasiri H, Jahanban-Esfahlan R, Akbari M. Exosome-mediated tumor metastasis: Biology, molecular targets and immuno-therapeutic options. Pathol Res Pract 2024; 254:155083. [PMID: 38277749 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2023.155083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2023] [Revised: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
Small extracellular vesicles called exosomes play a crucial part in promoting intercellular communication. They act as intermediaries for the exchange of bioactive chemicals between cells, released into the extracellular milieu by a variety of cell types. Within the context of cancer progression, metastasis is a complex process that plays a significant role in the spread of malignant cells from their main site of origin to distant anatomical locations. This complex process plays a key role in the domain of cancer-related deaths. In summary, the trajectory of current research in the field of exosome-mediated metastasis is characterized by its unrelenting quest for more profound understanding of the molecular nuances, the development of innovative diagnostic tools and therapeutic approaches, and the unwavering dedication to transforming these discoveries into revolutionary clinical applications. This unrelenting pursuit represents a shared desire to improve the prognosis for individuals suffering from metastatic cancer and to nudge the treatment paradigm in the direction of more effective and customized interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Amin Kamrani
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Science, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Nazanin Nazari
- Department of Immunology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Farzaneh Jafari
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Hadi Nasiri
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Rana Jahanban-Esfahlan
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Morteza Akbari
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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