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Exploration of the endogenous agonist mechanism for activation of secretin and VPAC1 receptors using synthetic glycosylated peptides. J Mol Neurosci 2008; 36:254-9. [PMID: 18409024 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-008-9058-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2007] [Accepted: 02/20/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Current understanding of the molecular basis of activation of class II G protein-coupled receptors remains limited, despite recent solution of NMR and crystal structures of amino-terminal domains of several family members. One mechanism proposed for the activation of these receptors involves an agonist-stimulated change in conformation of the receptor amino terminus. This results in the exposure of a "hidden endogenous agonist" (WDN sequence in secretin and VPAC1 receptors) within the receptor amino terminus that interacts with the receptor core, thereby changing its conformation and exposing its G protein-binding region. The Asn in this WDN sequence is known to be glycosylated in both secretin and VPAC1 receptors, raising concern about whether this posttranslational modification might interfere with the proposed mechanism. Therefore, we prepared glycosylated forms of cyclic WDN and the longer cyclic peptide, LWDNM, and tested them for agonist activity at secretin and VPAC1 receptor-bearing cell lines. Both glycosylated peptides stimulated full cAMP responses in the cell lines. Clearly, glycosylation did not interfere with this mechanism and may actually facilitate the correct orientation of the pharmacophore of the endogenous agonist ligand. These data provide further evidence for this proposed mechanism for the activation of this family of receptors.
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Likhosherstov LM, Novikova OS, Zheltova AO, Shibaev VN. N-glycyl-β-glycopyranosylamines, derivatives of mono- and disaccharides, and their use for the preparation of carboxylic acid glycoconjugates. Russ Chem Bull 2000. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02495096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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4
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Rottmann A, Synstad B, Eijsink V, Peter MG. Synthesis ofN-Acetylglucosaminyl and Diacetylchitobiosyl Amides of Heterocyclic Carboxylic Acids as Potential Chitinase Inhibitors. European J Org Chem 1999. [DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1099-0690(199909)1999:9<2293::aid-ejoc2293>3.0.co;2-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Kirsch P, Kusunose N, Aikawa J, Kigawa T, Yokoyama S, Ogawa T. Synthesis of N-acetylglucosaminyl asparagine-substituted puromycin analogues. Bioorg Med Chem 1995; 3:1631-6. [PMID: 8770387 DOI: 10.1016/0968-0896(95)00148-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
As part of our project aimed to introduce specifically glycosylated amino acids into proteins, new glycosylated puromycin analogues were chemically synthesized. Introduction of a free N-acetylglucosaminyl asparaginyl side chain abolished the activity of puromycin completely, but when the sugar OH groups were rendered increasingly hydrophobic by acetylation or benzylation, up to 8% of the activity was recovered. The results of our preliminary inhibition tests suggest that the interaction of puromycin analogues and therefore also of glycosylated aminoacyl tRNA, with the ribosomal A site increase with hydrophobicity of the modifying protecting groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Kirsch
- Institute of Physical and Chemical Research (RIKEN), Saitama, Japan
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Györgydeák Z, Szilágyi L, Paulsen H. Synthesis, Structure and Reactions of Glycosyl Azides. J Carbohydr Chem 1993. [DOI: 10.1080/07328309308021266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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7
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Biondi L, Filira F, Gobbo M, Scolaro B, Rocchi R. Synthesis of glycosylated tuftsins and tuftsin-containing IgG fragment undecapeptide. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PEPTIDE AND PROTEIN RESEARCH 1991; 37:112-21. [PMID: 2019473 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-3011.1991.tb00090.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Syntheses are described of two new tuftsin derivatives containing a 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-D-galactopyranosyl unit alpha- or beta-glycosidically linked to the threonine's hydroxy side chain function and of the glycosylated undecapeptide corresponding to the tuftsin region of the heavy chain of IgG (amino acid sequence 289-299). The glycosylated tuftsins were synthesized by the solution procedure. Fmoc-[Gal NAc(Ac)3 alpha]Thr-OH and Fmoc-[GalNAc(Ac)3 beta]Thr-OH were allowed to react with H-Lys(Z)-Pro-Arg(NO2)-OBzl by the mixed anhydride procedure and the resulting glycosylated tetrapeptides were fully deblocked by catalytic hydrogenation followed by treatment with potassium cyanide, purified by ion exchange chromatography and characterized by analytical HPLC, elemental and amino acid analyses, optical rotation, and proton NMR spectroscopy. Synthesis of the glycosylated undecapeptide was achieved by the continuous flow solid phase procedure on 4-hydroxymethylphenoxyacetyl-norleucyl derivatized Kieselguhr-supported resin. Fmoc-amino acid symmetrical anhydrides or pentafluorophenyl esters, in the presence of N-hydroxybenzotriazole, were used as the acylating agents. To mimic the native sequence of the tuftsin region at the Fc-domain of immunoglobulin G a 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-beta-D-glucopyranosyl unit was N-glycosidically linked to the amide side chain of Asn 297. The glycosylated asparagine residue was introduced as N2-fluorenylmethyloxycarbonyl-N4-(2-acetamido-3,4,6-tri-O-acetyl-2 -deoxy-beta-D - glucopyranosyl)-asparagine pentafluorophenyl ester. After cleavage from the resin the glycopeptide was deprotected, purified by ion exchange chromatography, and characterized by analytical HPLC, amino acid analysis, high voltage electrophoresis, and proton NMR. The conformational features of the glyco-undecapeptide were determined by circular dichroism measurements both in water and in 98% trifluoroethanol. Results of biological assays will be published elsewhere.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Biondi
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Padova, Italy
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A 13C-N.M.R. investigation of glycosyl azides and other azido sugars: Stereochemical influences on the one-bond 13C-1H coupling constants. Carbohydr Res 1985. [DOI: 10.1016/s0008-6215(00)90692-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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9
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Tamura M, Okai H. Synthesis of 2-acetamido-1-N[N-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)-l-aspart-1-oyl-(l-phenylalanyl-l-serine methyl ester)-4-oyl]-2-deoxy-β-d-glucopyranosylamine and analogs. Carbohydr Res 1984. [DOI: 10.1016/0008-6215(84)85199-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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d-ribofuranosyl azides. A direct conversion of 1-O-acyl-2,3-O-isopropylidene-d-ribofuranose into d-ribofuranosyl azides. Carbohydr Res 1983. [DOI: 10.1016/0008-6215(83)84025-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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11
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Shaban MAEM, Jeanloz RW. The Synthesis of Antigenic Glycopeptides, 2-Acetamido-N-(β-L-aspartyl)-2-deoxy-4-O-β-(D-galactopyranosyl)-β-D-glucopyranosylamine. (N-Acetyllactosaminyl-L-asparagine). BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 1981. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.54.3570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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12
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Khorlin AY, Zurabyan SE, Macharadze RG. Synthesis of glycosylamides and 4-N-glycosyl-l-asparagine derivatives. Carbohydr Res 1980. [DOI: 10.1016/s0008-6215(00)84671-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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13
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Saeed MS, Williams J. Model studies pertaining to the hydrazinolysis of glycopeptides and glycoproteins: hydrazinolysis of the 1-N-acetyl and 1-N-(l-β-aspartyl) derivatives of 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-β-d-glucopyranosylamine. Carbohydr Res 1980. [DOI: 10.1016/s0008-6215(00)85432-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Paul B, Bernacki RJ, Korytnyk W. Synthesis and biological activity of some 1-N-substituted 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-beta-D-glycopyranosylamine derivatives and related analogs. Carbohydr Res 1980; 80:99-115. [PMID: 7363276 DOI: 10.1016/s0008-6215(00)85318-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Several 1-N-substituted derivative [haloacetyl-, glycyl-, (dimethyl)amino-acetyl-, azidoacetyl-, trifluoroacetyl-, and trifluoromethylsulfonyl-] of 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-3,4,6-tri-O-acetyl-beta-D-glucopyranosylamine (1) were synthesized as potential metabolic inhibitors of cellular-membrane glycoconjugates. Several fully acetylated derivatives were found to inhibit growth of mouse mammary adenocarcinoma TA3, leukemia L1210, or leukemia P-288 cells at 1-0.01 mM concentration in vitro. Some of these derivatives were less active after O-deacetylation. Analogs of 1 in which NH2-1 was replaced by OH- or OAc-1 were also active on the same cell systems. The growth-inhibitory activity was correlated with inhibition of the incorporation of 2-amino-deoxy-D-glucose and L-leucine into a macromolecular fraction.
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Revision, by proton, carbon-13, and nitrogen-15 N.M.R. spectroscopy, of the structure assigned a bis(HEXOPYRANOSYL)-amine derivative. Carbohydr Res 1979. [DOI: 10.1016/s0008-6215(00)85473-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Hirano S, Iwaki H, Ishigami M. Bis(2-acetamido-3,4,6-tri-O-acetyl-2-deoxy-β-D-glucopyranosyl)amine obtained by a fusion reaction. Carbohydr Res 1979. [DOI: 10.1016/s0008-6215(00)83283-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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17
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Synthesis of 2-acetamido-3,4,6-tri-O-acetyl-2-deoxy-β-d-glucopyranosylamine and dimer formation. Carbohydr Res 1978. [DOI: 10.1016/s0008-6215(00)84133-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Hirano S, Iwaki H, Kondo Y. Preparation of some novel N-acyl derivatives of 2-acetamido-3,4,6-tri-O-acetyl-2-deoxy-β-d- glucopyranosylamine. Carbohydr Res 1978. [DOI: 10.1016/s0008-6215(00)84326-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Walker E, Jeanloz RW. The synthesis of oligosaccharide-L-asparagine compounds. Part VI. Di-N-acetylisochitobiose-L-asparagine, 2-acetamido-6-O-(2-acetamido-2-deoxy-β-D-glucopyranosyl)-1-N-(L-aspart-4-oyl)-2-deoxy-β-D-glucopyranosylamine. Carbohydr Res 1974. [DOI: 10.1016/s0008-6215(00)82471-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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20
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Cowley DE, Hough L, Peach CM. Synthesis of some aminoacyl derivatives of 2-acetamido-2-deoxy- -D-glucopyranosylamine and of 2-amino-1-N-(4-L-aspartyl)-2-deoxy- -D-glucopyranosylamine. Carbohydr Res 1971; 19:231-41. [PMID: 5170228 DOI: 10.1016/s0008-6215(00)81623-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Kiyozumi M, Kato K, Komori T, Yamamoto A, Kawasaki T, Tsukamoto H. Eine verbesserte synthese von 2-acetamido-1-N-(4-L-aspartyl)-2-desoxy-β-D-glukopyranosylamin und die stereochemie seiner derivate. Carbohydr Res 1970. [DOI: 10.1016/s0008-6215(00)80009-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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22
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Lowe G, Sheppard G, Sinnott ML, Williams A. Lysozyme-catalysed hydrolysis of some beta-aryl di-N-acetylchitobiosides. Biochem J 1967; 104:893-9. [PMID: 6049930 PMCID: PMC1271230 DOI: 10.1042/bj1040893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
1. Four beta-aryl di-N-acetylchitobiosides and beta-S-phenyl di-N-acetylthiochitobioside have been prepared and shown to be substrates for hen's-egg-white lysozyme. 2. The lysozyme-catalysed hydrolysis of these substrates obeys Michaelis-Menten kinetics. 3. The Michaelis constants, K(m), for the beta-aryl di-N-acetyl-chitobiosides are almost independent of the aglycone, whereas the catalytic constants, k(cat.), show a marked dependence, giving a Hammett reaction constant, rho, equal to 1.2; this suggests the rate-determining step involves concerted acid-base or acid-nucleophilic catalysis. 4. This conclusion is supported by the Michaelis-Menten constants found for beta-S-phenyl di-N-acetylthiochitobioside. 5. A three-step reaction pathway is proposed, and mechanisms are suggested that would account for the evidence currently available.
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Bolton CH, Hough L, Khan MY. Some further studies on the synthesis of glycopeptide derivatives: 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-beta-D-glucopyranosylamine derivatives. Biochem J 1966; 101:184-90. [PMID: 5971780 PMCID: PMC1270081 DOI: 10.1042/bj1010184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
1. The isolation, characterization and properties of two by-products in the preparation of 2-acetamido-3,4,6-tri-O- acetyl-2-deoxy-beta-d-glucopyranosylamine are described. They are bis(2-acetamido-2-deoxy-d-glucopyranosyl)amines. 2. An independent synthesis of the bis-glycopyranosylamines is reported and conditions are given for their preparation in high yield. 3. Further improvements are given for the synthesis of 2-acetamido-1-N-(beta-l- aspartyl)-2-deoxy-beta-d-glucopyranosylamine and the alpha-l-aspartyl isomer. 4. The synthesis of 2-acetamido-1-N-acetyl-2-deoxy-beta-d-glucopyranosylamine is described.
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