1
|
Jeong ES, Kim SH, Cha EJ, Lee KM, Kim HJ, Lee SW, Kwon OS, Lee J. Simultaneous analysis of 210 prohibited substances in human urine by ultrafast liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry in doping control. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2015; 29:367-384. [PMID: 26406349 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.7113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2014] [Revised: 11/30/2014] [Accepted: 12/01/2014] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Doping analysis is a two-step process consisting of a screening step for prohibited substances and a confirmation step to verify the presence of specific substances found during the screening. The entire process must be performed within a limited time period, but traditional screening procedures commonly employ separate analytical methods for each class of prohibited substances being screened and thus require a great deal of human resources and instrumentation. A single simple and rapid multiresidue analytical method that could accommodate multiple classes of prohibited substances would be extraordinarily useful in doping analyses. METHODS Urine samples were extracted via two consecutive liquid-liquid extractions at different pH values following enzymatic hydrolysis. Analyses were performed by ultrafast liquid chromatography/triple-quadrupole mass spectrometry with polarity switching and time-dependent selected reaction monitoring. RESULTS We developed a rapid multiresidue screening and confirmation method for efficient high-throughput doping analyses. The present method was validated with regard to the limits of detection (0.01-100.0 ng/mL for screening analyses and 0.2-500.0 ng/mL for confirmation assays), matrix effects (48.9-118.9%), recovery (20.6-119.7%) and intra- (0.6-17.6%) and inter-day (4.0-20.0%) precision. CONCLUSIONS A multiresidue analytical method was developed and validated for screening and confirming the presence of performance-enhancing drugs. A total of 210 substances from diverse classes of prohibited substances were successfully identified with an analytical run time of 10 min.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eun Sook Jeong
- Doping Control Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Hwarang-ro 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 136-791, Korea
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacogenomics Research Center, School of Medicine, Inje University, 875, Haeun-daero, Haeundae-gu, Busan, Korea
| | - So-Hee Kim
- Doping Control Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Hwarang-ro 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 136-791, Korea
- Department of Chemistry, Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Korea University, 145, Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 136-701, Korea
| | - Eun-Ju Cha
- Doping Control Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Hwarang-ro 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 136-791, Korea
- Department of Chemistry, Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Korea University, 145, Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 136-701, Korea
| | - Kang Mi Lee
- Doping Control Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Hwarang-ro 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 136-791, Korea
| | - Ho Jun Kim
- Doping Control Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Hwarang-ro 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 136-791, Korea
| | - Sang-Won Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Korea University, 145, Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 136-701, Korea
| | - Oh-Seung Kwon
- Doping Control Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Hwarang-ro 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 136-791, Korea
| | - Jaeick Lee
- Doping Control Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Hwarang-ro 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 136-791, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Kuo BS, Poole JC, Hwang KK, Cheng H. Determination of bioavailability and systemically available fractions of drugs undergoing reversible metabolism: application to 4-amino-5-chloro-2-[2-(methylsulfinyl)ethoxy]-N-[2- (diethylamino)ethyl]benzamide and its sulfide and sulfone metabolites in rats. J Pharm Sci 1994; 83:386-90. [PMID: 8207687 DOI: 10.1002/jps.2600830324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Methods are discussed which permit the calculation of the bioavailability (F) and fraction of an oral dose entering the central circulation (f) of a drug and its interconversion metabolite. The interrelationships between the F and f and between the F and systemically available fractions afforded by reversible metabolism are also derived and described. The application of these principles is illustrated by the pharmacokinetic analysis of 4-amino-5-chloro-2-[2-(methylsulfinyl)ethoxy]-N-[2- (diethylamino)ethyl]benzamide (ML-1035, 1) and its sulfide (2) and sulfone (3) metabolites in rats. Like intravenous ML-1035, ML-1035 administered orally underwent metabolic interconversion with 2 but not with 3 in this species. Both ML-1035 and 2 were absorbed rapidly and are pharmacologically active. On average, 8.3 and 13% of an oral dose (152.4 mumol/kg) of ML-1035 were bioavailable as ML-1035 and its sulfide metabolite, respectively, while 23 and 65% of a molar equivalent dose of the sulfide metabolite were bioavailable as either compound, respectively. Thus, the sulfide metabolite is better absorbed than ML-1035 in rats. Following oral administration of either ML-1035 or 2, the systemically available fractions of both compounds were weakly to moderately influenced by the reversible metabolism process in rats. Moreover, the bioavailability of the sulfone metabolite was very poor (2.5-4%) following separate oral administration of ML-1035, 2, and 3.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B S Kuo
- Department of Drug Metabolism, Marion Merrell Dow Inc., Kansas City, MO 64134
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|