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Huang D, Wang X, Liu WB, Ye BC. Remodeling metabolism of Corynebacterium glutamicum for high-level dencichine production. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023; 388:129800. [PMID: 37748563 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.129800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
Dencichine, a sought-after compound in the medical industry, requires a more efficient and sustainable production method than the current plant extraction process. This study successfully remodeled the metabolic pathway of Corynebacterium glutamicum to produce dencichine from the precursors of L-2,3-diaminopropionate (L-DAP) and oxalyl-coenzyme A. Firstly, a synthetic pathway for L-DAP was established by introducing exogenous enzymes ZmaU/ZmaV. This resulted in a production of 628 mg/L by overexpressing key genes and reducing the endogenous competitive pathway. Secondly, an oxalyl-CoA synthetic pathway was created through the enzymatic conversion of glyoxylate by introducing heterologous enzymes. Finally, with the integration of the exogenous enzyme BAHD, de novo synthesis of dencichine in C. glutamicum was achieved, and production reached 31.75 mg/L within 48-hour fermentation. This achievement represents the first successful biosynthesis of dencichine in C. glutamicum, offering a promising approach for natural product through microbial fermentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Huang
- Laboratory of Biosystems and Microanalysis, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Laboratory of Biosystems and Microanalysis, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Wei-Bing Liu
- Laboratory of Biosystems and Microanalysis, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China.
| | - Bang-Ce Ye
- Laboratory of Biosystems and Microanalysis, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China.
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Li W, Zhou Z, Li X, Ma L, Guan Q, Zheng G, Liang H, Yan Y, Shen X, Wang J, Sun X, Yuan Q. Biosynthesis of plant hemostatic dencichine in Escherichia coli. Nat Commun 2022; 13:5492. [PMID: 36123371 PMCID: PMC9485241 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-33255-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Dencichine is a plant-derived nature product that has found various pharmacological applications. Currently, its natural biosynthetic pathway is still elusive, posing challenge to its heterologous biosynthesis. In this work, we design artificial pathways through retro-biosynthesis approaches and achieve de novo production of dencichine. First, biosynthesis of the two direct precursors L-2, 3-diaminopropionate and oxalyl-CoA is achieved by screening and integrating microbial enzymes. Second, the solubility of dencichine synthase, which is the last and only plant-derived pathway enzyme, is significantly improved by introducing 28 synonymous rare codons into the codon-optimized gene to slow down its translation rate. Last, the metabolic network is systematically engineered to direct the carbon flux to dencichine production, and the final titer reaches 1.29 g L-1 with a yield of 0.28 g g-1 glycerol. This work lays the foundation for sustainable production of dencichine and represents an example of how synthetic biology can be harnessed to generate unnatural pathways to produce a desired molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenna Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 100029, Beijing, China
| | - Zhao Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 100029, Beijing, China
| | - Xianglai Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 100029, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 100029, Beijing, China
| | - Qingyuan Guan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 100029, Beijing, China
| | - Guojun Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 100029, Beijing, China
| | - Hao Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 100029, Beijing, China
| | - Yajun Yan
- School of Chemical, Materials and Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Xiaolin Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 100029, Beijing, China
| | - Jia Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 100029, Beijing, China
| | - Xinxiao Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 100029, Beijing, China.
| | - Qipeng Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 100029, Beijing, China.
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Mantas MJQ, Nunn PB, Ke Z, Codd GA, Barker D. Genomic insights into the biosynthesis and physiology of the cyanobacterial neurotoxin 2,4-diaminobutanoic acid (2,4-DAB). PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2021; 192:112953. [PMID: 34598041 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2021.112953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Cyanobacteria are an ancient clade of photosynthetic prokaryotes, whose worldwide occurrence, especially in water, presents health hazards to humans and animals due to the production of a range of toxins (cyanotoxins). These include the sometimes co-occurring, non-encoded diaminoacid neurotoxins 2,4-diaminobutanoic acid (2,4-DAB) and its structural analogue β-N-methylaminoalanine (BMAA). Knowledge of the biosynthetic pathway for 2,4-DAB, and its role in cyanobacteria, is lacking. The aspartate 4-phosphate pathway is a known route of 2,4-DAB biosynthesis in other bacteria and in some plant species. Another pathway to 2,4-DAB has been described in Lathyrus species. Here, we use bioinformatics analyses to investigate hypotheses concerning 2,4-DAB biosynthesis in cyanobacteria. We assessed the presence or absence of each enzyme in candidate biosynthesis routes, the aspartate 4-phosphate pathway and a pathway to 2,4-DAB derived from S-adenosyl-L-methionine (SAM), in 130 cyanobacterial genomes using sequence alignment, profile hidden Markov models, substrate specificity/active site identification and the reconstruction of gene phylogenies. In the aspartate 4-phosphate pathway, for the 18 species encoding diaminobutanoate-2-oxo-glutarate transaminase, the co-localisation of genes encoding the transaminase with the downstream decarboxylase or ectoine synthase - often within hybrid non-ribosomal peptide synthetase (NRPS)-polyketide synthases (PKS) clusters, NRPS-independent siderophore (NIS) clusters and incomplete ectoine clusters - is compatible with the hypothesis that some cyanobacteria use the aspartate 4-phosphate pathway for 2,4-DAB production. Through this route, in cyanobacteria, 2,4-DAB may be functionally associated with environmental iron-scavenging, via the production of siderophores of the schizokinen/synechobactin type and of some polyamines. In the pathway to 2,4-DAB derived from SAM, eight cyanobacterial species encode homologs of SAM-dependent 3-amino-3-carboxypropyl transferases. Other enzymes in this pathway have not yet been purified or sequenced. Ultimately, the biosynthesis of 2,4-DAB appears to be either restricted to some cyanobacterial species, or there may be multiple and additional routes, and roles, for the synthesis of this neurotoxin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria José Q Mantas
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Charlotte Auerbach Road, The King's Buildings, Edinburgh, EH9 3FL, United Kingdom.
| | - Peter B Nunn
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London, E1 4NS, United Kingdom.
| | - Ziying Ke
- School of Biological Sciences, Roger Land Building, The King's Buildings, Alexander Crum Brown Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3FF, United Kingdom; Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, United Kingdom.
| | - Geoffrey A Codd
- School of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, FK9 4LA, United Kingdom; School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dow Street, Dundee, DD1 5EH, United Kingdom.
| | - Daniel Barker
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Charlotte Auerbach Road, The King's Buildings, Edinburgh, EH9 3FL, United Kingdom.
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Song Y, Wang L, Liu F, Jiao C, Nan H, Shen X, Chen H, Li Y, Lei B, Jiang J, Chen P, Xu Q. β-Cyanoalanine Synthase Regulates the Accumulation of β-ODAP via Interaction with Serine Acetyltransferase in Lathyrus sativus. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:1953-1962. [PMID: 33538593 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c07542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
β-N-Oxalyl-l-α,β-diaminopropionic acid (β-ODAP), found in Lathyrus sativus at first, causes a neurological disease, lathyrism, when over ingested in an unbalanced diet. Our previous research suggested that β-ODAP biosynthesis is related to sulfur metabolism. In this study, β-cyanoalanine synthase (β-CAS) was confirmed to be responsible for β-ODAP biosynthesis via in vitro enzymatic analysis. LsCAS was found to be pyridoxal phosphate (PLP)-dependent via spectroscopic analysis and dual functional via enzymatic activity analysis. Generation of a M135T/M235S/S239T triple mutant of LsCAS, which are the key sites to control the ratio of CAS/cysteine synthase (CS) activity, switches reaction chemistry to that of a CS. LsCAS interactions were further screened and verified via Y2H, BiFC and pull-down assay. It was suggested that LsSAT2 interacts and forms a cysteine regulatory complex (CRC) with LsCAS in mitochondria, which improves LsSAT while reduces LsCAS activities to affect β-ODAP content positively. These results provide new insights into the molecular regulation of β-ODAP content in L. sativus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaoyao Song
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Center for Ecological and Environmental Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, Shaanxi, China
| | - Fengjuan Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Chengjin Jiao
- College of Bioengineering and Biotechnology, Tianshui Normal University, Tianshui 741000, Gansu, China
| | - Hao Nan
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiao Shen
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Hong Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yifan Li
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Beilei Lei
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jinglong Jiang
- School of Biological Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong 723001, Shaanxi, China
| | - Peng Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Quanle Xu
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
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Khandare AL, Kumar RH, Meshram II, Arlappa N, Laxmaiah A, Venkaiah K, Rao PA, Validandi V, Toteja GS. Current scenario of consumption of Lathyrus sativus and lathyrism in three districts of Chhattisgarh State, India. Toxicon 2018; 150:228-234. [PMID: 29908260 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2018.06.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Revised: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Lathyrism is a disease caused by excessive consumption of grass pea, Lathyrus sativus especially under conditions of severe drought. Grass pea contains 3-N-oxalyl-L-2, 3-diaminopropanoic acid (β-ODAP) a putative neurotoxin which acts through excitatory mechanism causing Neurolathyrism. Due to awareness of the disease, availability of food and levels of consumption of L. sativus there is reduction in lathyrism cases where higher consumption of L. sativus is reported in India. The present study was undertaken with the objective to assess the current scenario of consumption of L. sativus, incidence of cases of lathyrism, β-ODAP, protein and amino acids content in L. sativus pulse collected from three districts (Bilaspur, Durg and Raipur) of Chattisgarh state. For this purpose, a total of 17,755 (13,129 rural and 4626 urban) individuals from 151 villages and 60 wards from urban area were covered for clinical examination. Out of total 5769 households (HHs) covered during the survey, 1602 HHs were cultivators, 1791 HHs non-cultivators and 2376 agricultural and other labourers. A one day 24-hour re-call diet survey was carried out in 5758 HHs (4549 rural and 1209 urban). A total of 360 split grass pea (SGP) samples were collected to estimate β-ODAP, protein and amino acids content. Results of the study revealed that an average consumption of SGP was 20.9 gm/CU/day in Bilaspur and no consumption was reported among urban population of Raipur. Only nine old cases of lathyrism were found during the study. The mean β-ODAP content in SGP was 0.63 ± 0.14, 0.65 ± 0.13 and 0.65 ± 0.14 gm/100 gm, whereas the protein content was 27.0 ± 2.39, 27.0 ± 1.99 and 26.7 ± 1.90 gm/100 gm in samples collected from Bilaspur, Durg and Raipur districts respectively. Arginine content was high in SGP and sulphur containing amino acids (cysteine and methionine) were less than other amino acids. In conclusion, the consumption of SGP was lower in these three districts with lower β-ODAP content than earlier reports, thus the lower prevalence of lathyrism in the districts surveyed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arjun L Khandare
- Department of Food Toxicology, ICMR-National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad, India.
| | - R Hari Kumar
- Division of Community Studies, ICMR-National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad, India
| | - I I Meshram
- Division of Community Studies, ICMR-National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad, India
| | - N Arlappa
- Division of Community Studies, ICMR-National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad, India
| | - A Laxmaiah
- Division of Community Studies, ICMR-National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad, India
| | - K Venkaiah
- Department of Biostatistics, ICMR-National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad, India
| | - P Amrutha Rao
- Clinical Division, ICMR-National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad, India
| | - Vakdevi Validandi
- Department of Food Toxicology, ICMR-National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad, India
| | - G S Toteja
- Desert Medicine Research Centre, New Palli Road, ICMR, Jodhpur, India
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Xu Q, Liu F, Chen P, Jez JM, Krishnan HB. β-N-Oxalyl-l-α,β-diaminopropionic Acid (β-ODAP) Content in Lathyrus sativus: The Integration of Nitrogen and Sulfur Metabolism through β-Cyanoalanine Synthase. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18030526. [PMID: 28264526 PMCID: PMC5372542 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18030526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2017] [Revised: 02/06/2017] [Accepted: 02/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Grass pea (Lathyrus sativus L.) is an important legume crop grown mainly in South Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa. This underutilized legume can withstand harsh environmental conditions including drought and flooding. During drought-induced famines, this protein-rich legume serves as a food source for poor farmers when other crops fail under harsh environmental conditions; however, its use is limited because of the presence of an endogenous neurotoxic nonprotein amino acid β-N-oxalyl-l-α,β-diaminopropionic acid (β-ODAP). Long-term consumption of Lathyrus and β-ODAP is linked to lathyrism, which is a degenerative motor neuron syndrome. Pharmacological studies indicate that nutritional deficiencies in methionine and cysteine may aggravate the neurotoxicity of β-ODAP. The biosynthetic pathway leading to the production of β-ODAP is poorly understood, but is linked to sulfur metabolism. To date, only a limited number of studies have been conducted in grass pea on the sulfur assimilatory enzymes and how these enzymes regulate the biosynthesis of β-ODAP. Here, we review the current knowledge on the role of sulfur metabolism in grass pea and its contribution to β-ODAP biosynthesis. Unraveling the fundamental steps and regulation of β-ODAP biosynthesis in grass pea will be vital for the development of improved varieties of this underutilized legume.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quanle Xu
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.
- Plant Genetics Research Unit, USDA-Agricultural Research Service, 108 Curtis Hall, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA.
| | - Fengjuan Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Peng Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Joseph M Jez
- Department of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA.
| | - Hari B Krishnan
- Plant Genetics Research Unit, USDA-Agricultural Research Service, 108 Curtis Hall, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA.
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Yan ZY, Spencer PS, Li ZX, Liang YM, Wang YF, Wang CY, Li FM. Lathyrus sativus (grass pea) and its neurotoxin ODAP. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2006; 67:107-21. [PMID: 16332380 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2005.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2005] [Revised: 10/08/2005] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Lathyrus sativus (grass pea) is a high-yielding, drought-resistant legume consumed as a food in Northern India and neighboring countries as well as in Ethiopia. Its development into an important food legume, however, has been hindered by the presence of the neurotoxin - beta-N-oxalyl-L-alpha,beta-diaminopropionic acid (beta-ODAP) in seeds which, if consumed in large quantities for prolonged periods, can cause irreversible paralysis. Recently, some low-toxin lines have been developed that may prove safe for both animal and human foods. Cultivation of L. sativus should thus be considered in suitable regions because the demand for legume animal feed protein products is expected to increase. This paper addresses advances in understanding L. sativus from the perspective of its taxonomy, genetics, ecology, chemistry, nutrition, medicine, biology and for animal nutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ze-Yi Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, PR China
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Preparation of α- and β-substituted alanine derivatives by α-amidoalkylation or Michael addition reactions under heterogeneous catalysis assisted by microwave irradiation. Tetrahedron 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(01)00461-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Pérez M, Pleixats R. FeCl3-catalyzed conjugate addition of secondary amines, imidazole and pyrazole to methyl 2-acetamidoacrylate. Preparation of β-dialkylamino-αalanine and β-(N-heteroaryi)-α-alanine derivatives. Tetrahedron 1995. [DOI: 10.1016/0040-4020(95)00446-f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Riepe M, Spencer PS, Lambein F, Ludolph AC, Allen CN. In vitro toxicological investigations of isoxazolinone amino acids of Lathyrus sativus. NATURAL TOXINS 1995; 3:58-64. [PMID: 7749584 DOI: 10.1002/nt.2620030111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Two non-protein amino acids of Lathyrus sativus, beta-(isoxazoline-5-on-2-yl)-alanine (BIA) and its higher homologue alpha-amino-gamma-(isoxazoline-5-on-2-yl)-alanine (ACI) were tested for excitotoxic potential. BIA (0.5-2.0 mM) but not ACI (2.0 mM) produced a concentration-dependent neurodegeneration in mouse cortical explants. The neuronal damage was prevented by the prior and simultaneous application of 6-cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione (CNQX), indicating that it was mediated by non-N-methyl-D-aspartate type receptors. BIA (0.5-2.0 mM) activated CNQX-sensitive currents which were significantly smaller than those activated by 3-N-oxalyl-L-2,3-diaminopropanoic acid (beta-ODAP) or alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) in the majority of neurons. In a small number of cells, BIA (2 mM) produced currents which were similar in amplitude to those activated by beta-ODAP (50 microM). These results suggest that Lathyrus sativus plants engineered to block the synthesis of beta-ODAP may accumulate a neurotoxic precursor and therefore must be tested for the presence of both BIA and beta-ODAP.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Riepe
- Center for Research on Environmental and Occupational Toxicology, Oregon Health Sciences University, Portland 97201-3098, USA
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