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Roberti G, Agnifili L, Berardo F, Riva I, Figus M, Manni G, Quaranta L, Oddone F. Prospective, Randomized, Single Masked, Parallel Study Exploring the Effects of a Preservative-Free Ophthalmic Solution Containing Hyaluronic Acid 0.4% and Taurine 0.5% on the Ocular Surface of Glaucoma Patients Under Multiple Long-Term Topical Hypotensive Therapy. Adv Ther 2018; 35:686-696. [PMID: 29687335 DOI: 10.1007/s12325-018-0699-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION To compare the effects of a preservative-free (PF) ophthalmic solution containing hyaluronic acid (HA) 0.4% and taurine (TAU) 0.5% with those of a PF ophthalmic solution containing HA 0.2% on ocular surface signs, symptoms, and morphological parameters in glaucoma patients under multiple long-term topical hypotensive therapy. METHODS Eligible patients underwent evaluation of ocular surface parameters by ocular surface disease index (OSDI) and glaucoma symptom scale (GSS) questionnaires, breakup time test (BUT), Schirmer I test, corneal and conjunctival staining (Oxford scale), and conjunctival in vivo confocal microscopy (Heidelberg Retina Tomograph 3, Heidelberg Engineering GmbH, Heidelberg, Germany). After the baseline visit, patients were randomized to use a PF ophthalmic solution containing HA 0.4% and TAU 0.5%, QID, in both eyes (group 1) or to use a PF ophthalmic solution containing HA 0.2%, QID (group 2) in addition to the ongoing preserved hypotensive treatment. Follow-up visits were scheduled at 30 and 90 days. RESULTS Thirty-nine eyes of 39 glaucoma patients were included in the study. At baseline, results of study tests of both groups were similar. After 90 days in group 1 the BUT (p = 0.01), the Oxford score (p = 0.03), the conjunctival goblet cells (CGC) density (p = 0.0005) ,and the two questionnaires score significantly improved (OSDI, p = 0.003; GSS, p = 0.003) compared to baseline values, while in group 2 all these parameters did not differ from baseline (BUT, p = 0.39; Oxford score, p = 0.54; CGC density, p = 0.33, OSDI p = 0.65, GSS, p = 0.25). The BUT and the CGC density were statistically different between groups both at 30 and 90 days (p = 0.04 and p = 0.04, respectively). The Schirmer I test did not statistically change after 90 days in both groups. CONCLUSIONS The PF ophthalmic solution with HA 0.4% and TAU 0.5% seems to improve CGC density and reduce signs and symptoms of dry eye in glaucoma patients under long-term multiple preserved hypotensive therapy. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov identifier, NCT03480295.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gloria Roberti
- Glaucoma Unit, IRCCS Fondazione G.B. Bietti, Via Livenza 3, 00198, Rome, Italy
| | - Luca Agnifili
- Ophthalmology Clinic, Department of Medicine and Aging Science, University G. D'Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100, Chieti, Italy
| | - Francesca Berardo
- Glaucoma Unit, IRCCS Fondazione G.B. Bietti, Via Livenza 3, 00198, Rome, Italy
| | - Ivano Riva
- Glaucoma Unit, IRCCS Fondazione G.B. Bietti, Via Livenza 3, 00198, Rome, Italy
| | - Michele Figus
- Department of Surgical, Medical, and Molecular Pathology and Critical Care, University of Pisa, Via Paradisa 2, Pisa, Italy
| | - Gianluca Manni
- Glaucoma Unit, IRCCS Fondazione G.B. Bietti, Via Livenza 3, 00198, Rome, Italy
- DSCMT, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Viale Oxford 81, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Luciano Quaranta
- Section of Ophthalmology, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences, and Public Health University of Brescia, Viale Europa 11, 25123, Brescia, Italy
| | - Francesco Oddone
- Glaucoma Unit, IRCCS Fondazione G.B. Bietti, Via Livenza 3, 00198, Rome, Italy.
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Bucolo C, Fidilio A, Platania CBM, Geraci F, Lazzara F, Drago F. Antioxidant and Osmoprotecting Activity of Taurine in Dry Eye Models. J Ocul Pharmacol Ther 2018; 34:188-194. [DOI: 10.1089/jop.2017.0008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Bucolo
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
- Center for Research in Ocular Pharmacology—CERFO, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Annamaria Fidilio
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Chiara Bianca Maria Platania
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Federica Geraci
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Francesca Lazzara
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Filippo Drago
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
- Center for Research in Ocular Pharmacology—CERFO, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
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Li H, Zhang XG, Fang Q, Liu Q, Du RR, Yang GS, Wang LQ, Hu JH. Supplemental effect of different levels of taurine in Modena on boar semen quality during liquid preservation at 17°C. Anim Sci J 2017; 88:1692-1699. [DOI: 10.1111/asj.12865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2016] [Accepted: 05/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology; Northwest A&F University; Yangling Shaanxi China
| | - Xiao-Gang Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology; Northwest A&F University; Yangling Shaanxi China
| | - Qian Fang
- College of Animal Science and Technology; Northwest A&F University; Yangling Shaanxi China
| | - Qi Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology; Northwest A&F University; Yangling Shaanxi China
| | - Ren-Rang Du
- College of Animal Science and Technology; Northwest A&F University; Yangling Shaanxi China
| | - Gong-She Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology; Northwest A&F University; Yangling Shaanxi China
| | - Li-Qiang Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology; Northwest A&F University; Yangling Shaanxi China
| | - Jian-Hong Hu
- College of Animal Science and Technology; Northwest A&F University; Yangling Shaanxi China
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Romano MR, Biagioni F, Carrizzo A, Lorusso M, Spadaro A, Micelli Ferrari T, Vecchione C, Zurria M, Marrazzo G, Mascio G, Sacchetti B, Madonna M, Fornai F, Nicoletti F, Lograno MD. Effects of vitamin B12 on the corneal nerve regeneration in rats. Exp Eye Res 2014; 120:109-17. [PMID: 24486457 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2014.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2013] [Revised: 12/23/2013] [Accepted: 01/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The study was designed to investigate the effects of a new ophthalmic solution containing 0.05% vitamin B12 0.05% on corneal nerve regeneration in rats after corneal injury. Eyes of anesthetized male Wistar rats were subjected to corneal injury by removing the corneal epithelium with corneal brush (Algerbrush). After the epithelial debridement, the right eye of each animal received the instillation of one drop of the ophthalmic solution containing vitamin B12 0.05% plus taurine 0.5% and sodium hyaluronate 0.5% four time per day for 10 or 30 days. Left eyes were used as control and treated with solution containing taurine 0.5% and sodium hyaluronate 0.5% alone following the same regimen. Fluorescein staining by slit-lamp and morphological analysis was used to determine corneal wound healing. Immunohistochemistry, immunoblot and confocal microscopy were used to examine corneal re-innervation. Slit-lamp and histological analyses showed that re-epithelization of the corneas was accelerated in rats treated with vitamin B12. A clear-cut difference between the two groups of rats was seen after 10 days of treatment, whereas a near-to-complete re-epithelization was observed in both groups at 30 days. Vitamin B12 treatment had also a remarkable effect on corneal re-innervation, as shown by substantial increased in the expression of neurofilament 160 and β-III tubulin at both 10 and 30 days. The presence of SV2A-positive nerve endings suggests the presence of synapse-like specialized structures in corneal epithelium of the eye treated with vitamin B12. Our findings suggest that vitamin B12 treatment represents a powerful strategy to accelerate not only re-epithelization but also corneal re-innervation after mechanical injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Rosaria Romano
- Department of Pharmacy-Pharmacological Sciences, University of Bari, Via Orabona 4, Bari, Italy.
| | | | | | - Massimo Lorusso
- Ecclesiastical Authority Regional General Hospital Miulli, Acquaviva delle Fonti, BA, Italy
| | - Angelo Spadaro
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | | | - Carmine Vecchione
- IRCSS, I.N.M., Neuromed, Pozzilli, IS, Italy; Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Francesco Fornai
- IRCSS, I.N.M., Neuromed, Pozzilli, IS, Italy; Department of Human Morphology and Applied Biology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Ferdinando Nicoletti
- IRCSS, I.N.M., Neuromed, Pozzilli, IS, Italy; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University "Sapienza", Roma, Italy
| | - Marcello Diego Lograno
- Department of Pharmacy-Pharmacological Sciences, University of Bari, Via Orabona 4, Bari, Italy
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Funke S, Azimi D, Wolters D, Grus FH, Pfeiffer N. Longitudinal analysis of taurine induced effects on the tear proteome of contact lens wearers and dry eye patients using a RP-RP-Capillary-HPLC–MALDI TOF/TOF MS approach. J Proteomics 2012; 75:3177-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2012.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2011] [Revised: 03/07/2012] [Accepted: 03/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Oliveira MW, Minotto JB, de Oliveira MR, Zanotto-Filho A, Behr GA, Rocha RF, Moreira JC, Klamt F. Scavenging and antioxidant potential of physiological taurine concentrations against different reactive oxygen/nitrogen species. Pharmacol Rep 2010; 62:185-93. [DOI: 10.1016/s1734-1140(10)70256-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2009] [Revised: 02/09/2010] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Abstract
Taurine (TAU) is a sulfur-containing amino acid that has been shown to decrease during aging and is believed to be important for cytoprotection. A decrease in TAU could exacerbate the accumulation of free radical-induced damage that may lead to cell death during the aging process. We have shown previously that TAU directly inhibits dopamine (DA) and (-)-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-L-alanine (L-dopa) oxidation. Experiments were conducted to establish a cytoprotective role for TAU. Porcine renal epithelial cells were treated for 1 hr with iron and catecholamines (L-dopa and DA) to produce cytotoxicity by a free radical and quinone mechanism in the absence and presence of 10 or 20mM TAU. Viability assays, protein, and DNA measurements were performed after a 24hr recovery period. In some experiments, cells were extracted immediately after the insult for DA and TAU content measurements using high performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection. Catecholamine-induced cytotoxicity caused a 50% loss in cell viability, and 10 or 20mM TAU provided significant protection from cytotoxicity and maintained the functional integrity of the cells. Photomicrographs showed attenuation in cell loss and swelling in the presence of TAU. Pretreatment with 1mM TAU followed by exposure to iron and L-dopa in the presence of 1mM TAU caused a moderate but non-significant increase in cell survival. These data conclusively show that TAU can play a cytoprotective role in the LLC-PK(1) cell culture model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bärbel Eppler
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA.
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Eppler B, Dawson R. Dietary taurine manipulations in aged male Fischer 344 rat tissue: taurine concentration, taurine biosynthesis, and oxidative markers11Abbreviations: CA, cysteic acid; CSA, cysteine sulfinic acid; CSD, cysteine sulfinic acid decarboxylase; CDO, cysteine dioxygenase; DNPH, 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazin; DPPH, α,α-diphenyl-β-picrylhydrazyl; F344, Fischer 344; HPLC-ECD, high performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection; MDCK, Madin Darby canine kidney; PCA, perchloric acid; TAU, taurine; TBARS, thiobarbituric acid; and TCA, trichloroacetic acid. Biochem Pharmacol 2001; 62:29-39. [PMID: 11377394 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-2952(01)00647-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Taurine (TAU) is a ubiquitous sulfur-containing amino acid that has been proposed to be an antioxidant. The concentration of TAU decreases during aging, which may increase susceptibility to oxidative stress. Our study attempted to elucidate the mechanism for the age-dependent decrease in TAU content by examining TAU biosynthesis in aged rats. We also examined the effects of dietary TAU manipulations on TAU content and oxidative markers in aged male Fischer 344 (F344) rats. Adult (9 months) and aged (26 months) rats fed control diets, aged rats fed control diet and TAU-supplemented (1.5%) water, and aged rats fed a TAU-deficient diet were used. We observed a significant age-related decrease in TAU content in liver, kidney, and cerebellum. Dietary TAU supplementation increased tissue TAU content, whereas dietary TAU restriction had no effect. Enzyme-dependent TAU synthesis showed an age-dependent reduction in liver that was decreased further by TAU supplementation. Protein carbonyl content was elevated in the cerebral cortex and kidney of aged rats and was attenuated by TAU supplementation. A trend for a decrease in protein and acid-soluble thiol contents in hepatic tissue of aged rats was observed, and this was attenuated with dietary TAU supplementation. Our data show that a decrease in hepatic TAU biosynthesis may cause, in part, the observed decline in tissue TAU content in aged F344 rats, and TAU supplementation can restore TAU levels. Our study indicates that a decline in TAU content may exacerbate oxidative stress in aged rats, which can be reversed by dietary TAU supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Eppler
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, JHMHC Box 100487, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA.
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Dahchour A, De Witte P. Ethanol and amino acids in the central nervous system: assessment of the pharmacological actions of acamprosate. Prog Neurobiol 2000; 60:343-62. [PMID: 10670704 DOI: 10.1016/s0301-0082(99)00031-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Ethanol induces alterations in the central nervous system by differentially interfering with a number of neurotransmitter systems, although the mechanisms by which such effects are executed are not well understood. The present review therefore, is designed to ascertain the effect of ethanol on both excitatory and inhibitory amino acid neurotransmitters, as well as the sulphonated amino acid taurine, assayed by the microdialysis technique within specific brain regions of rat during different types of alcohol intoxication, acute and chronic, as well as during the withdrawal period. Such an understanding of these pharmacological actions of ethanol on neurotransmitters is essential in order to provide the impetus for the development of appropriate therapeutic intervention to ameliorate the multitude of neurochemical disorders induced by ethanol. In addition the possible mode of action of a new therapeutic drug for the treatment of alcoholism, acamprosate will be discussed. The first part of this review will be limited to studies of the effect of ethanol on both amino acid neurotransmitters and the sulphonated amino acid taurine, a possible neuromodulator. While, the second part will seek to establish the possible mechanism of action of a new therapeutic drug, acamprosate, which is used to combat the effects of ethanol, particularly during the craving period, as well as maintaining abstinence in weaned alcoholics.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Dahchour
- Université catholique de Louvain, Laboratoire de Biologie du Comportement, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
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Eppler B, Dawson R. Cysteine sulfinate decarboxylase and cysteine dioxygenase activities do not correlate with strain-specific changes in hepatic and cerebellar taurine content in aged rats. Mech Ageing Dev 1999; 110:57-72. [PMID: 10580692 DOI: 10.1016/s0047-6374(99)00040-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Taurine is a free sulfur-containing amino acid that is found in abundance in mammalian tissues and fluids. Many biological roles have been proposed for this amino acid, including reducing oxidative stress and cytotoxicity. Taurine has previously been reported to decline in tissues during aging which could exacerbate an age-related increase in oxidative stress. The aim of the present study was to elucidate the mechanism responsible for the observed decline in tissue taurine content. We measured the activity of the major taurine biosynthetic enzymes, cysteine sulfinate decarboxylase and cysteine dioxygenase, in liver and cerebellar tissues of rats. Tissues from male adult and aged Fischer 344 (F344; 10 and 28 months), Sprague-Dawley (SD; 5, 20 and 25 months), and F344/Brown-Norway hybrid (FBNF1; 14 and 33.5 months) rats were used. We observed a significant decline in hepatic taurine content of the F344 animals but the decline in the liver of SD and FBNF1 animals was non-significant. Hepatic cysteine sulfinate decarboxylase and cysteine dioxygenase activities were significantly lower in aged F344 rats but not in the other strains. Cerebellar taurine content was significantly lower in aged F344 and SD rats without a concomitant decline in cysteine sulfinate decarboxylase activity. These results suggest that a decline in hepatic de novo taurine biosynthesis might be partially responsible for a reduction in tissue taurine content in F344 rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Eppler
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville 32610, USA.
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Nittynen L, Nurminen ML, Korpela R, Vapaatalo H. Role of arginine, taurine and homocysteine in cardiovascular diseases. Ann Med 1999; 31:318-26. [PMID: 10574504 DOI: 10.3109/07853899908995898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Arginine, taurine and homocysteine are amino acids which have been shown to affect the risk factors of cardiovascular diseases in humans. Arginine and taurine may protect against cardiovascular diseases while homocysteine may be a risk factor for them. Both arginine and taurine seem to lower blood pressure, arginine may also inhibit atherogenesis, and taurine may have antioxidant properties. However, the evidence of the beneficial effects of arginine and taurine supplementation from human studies is insufficient. Elevated levels of plasma homocysteine may be associated with atherosclerotic and thromboembolic cardiovascular diseases. Supplementation with folic acid seems to be effective in reducing hyperhomocysteinaemia, but there is an insufficient number of studies showing that lowering of homocysteine levels with vitamin supplementation will reduce the risk of cardiovascular diseases. In conclusion, further research is needed to determine the optimal levels for taurine and arginine in the human diet in order to decrease the risk factors for cardiovascular diseases, and to whom supplementation with folic acid should possibly be recommended to reduce hyperhomocysteinaemia. Even though the use of arginine and taurine supplements to reduce cardiovascular risk factors is an interesting possibility, the reported health-promoting effects and the safety of such a supplementation should first be confirmed.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Nittynen
- Valio Ltd, Research and Development, Helsinki, Finland
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Trachtman H, Sturman JA. Taurine: A therapeutic agent in experimental kidney disease. Amino Acids 1996; 11:1-13. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00805717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/1995] [Accepted: 12/13/1995] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Mechanisms underlying taurine-mediated alterations in membrane function. Amino Acids 1995; 8:231-46. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00806821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/1994] [Accepted: 08/03/1994] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Trachtman H, Sturman JA. Taurine and experimental kidney disease. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 1994; 359:149-57. [PMID: 7887256 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4899-1471-2_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- H Trachtman
- Department of Pediatrics, Schneider Children's Hospital, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New Hyde Park, NY 11042
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