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Wong KW, Teh SS, Law KP, Ismail IS, Sato K, Mase N, Mah SH. Synthesis of benzylated amine-substituted xanthone derivatives and their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2023; 356:e2200418. [PMID: 36285691 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202200418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress and its constant companion, inflammation, play a critical part in the pathogenesis of many acute and chronic illnesses. The discovery of new multi-targeted drug candidates with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties is deemed necessary. Thus, a series of novel xanthone derivatives with halogenated benzyl (4b-4d, 4f-4h) and methoxylated benzyl groups (4e) attached to the butoxy amine substituent were synthesized in this study. The synthesized xanthone derivatives exhibited stronger antioxidant activity against H2 O2 scavenging than the standard drug, α-tocopherol, but weaker towards DPPH scavenging and ferrous ion chelation. Besides that, 4b-4d, 4f-4h demonstrated good anti-inflammatory activities through NO production inhibition towards lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW 264.7 cells and showed 2-4 times stronger effects than the standard drug, diclofenac sodium. Moreover, compound 4b with two brominated benzyl groups attached to the butoxy amine substituent suppressed the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, TNF-α and IL-1β, significantly. Structure-activity relationship elucidated that the halogenated benzylamine substituent plays an important role in contributing the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of xanthones. In summary, xanthone 4b was identified as a potential lead compound to be further developed into antioxidant and anti-inflammatory drugs. Thus, further studies on the related mechanisms of action of 4b are recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ka Woong Wong
- School of Biosciences, Faculty of Health & Medical Sciences, Taylor's University, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Soek Sin Teh
- Engineering and Processing Division, Energy and Environment Unit, Malaysian Palm Oil Board, Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Kung Pui Law
- School of Pre-University Studies, Taylor's College, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Intan Safinar Ismail
- Natural Medicine and Products Research Laboratory, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.,Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Kohei Sato
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biochemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka, Japan.,Research Institute of Green Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Mase
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biochemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka, Japan.,Research Institute of Green Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Siau Hui Mah
- School of Biosciences, Faculty of Health & Medical Sciences, Taylor's University, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia.,Centre for Drug Discovery and Molecular Pharmacology, Faculty of Health & Medical Sciences, Taylor's University, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
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2
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Naraki K, Rezaee R, Mashayekhi-Sardoo H, Hayes AW, Karimi G. Mangiferin offers protection against deleterious effects of pharmaceuticals, heavy metals, and environmental chemicals. Phytother Res 2020; 35:810-822. [PMID: 32961631 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Mangiferin (MGF) is a polyphenolic C-glucosyl-xanthone extracted from the mango tree (Mangifera indica). MGF has shown diverse effects such as antioxidant, antiapoptotic, radical scavenging, and chelating properties. MGF also has been shown to modulate inflammatory pathways. In this review, we examined and evaluated the literature dealing with the protective effects of MGF against various chemical toxicities. Our literature review indicated that the MGF-induced protective effects against the toxic effects of pharmaceuticals, heavy metals and environmental chemicals were mainly mediated via suppression of lipid peroxidation, oxidative stress (along with enhancement of the antioxidant enzyme), inflammatory factors (TNF-α, IL-6, IL-10, and IL-12), and activation of PI3K/Akt and the MAPK survival signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karim Naraki
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ramin Rezaee
- Clinical Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Habibeh Mashayekhi-Sardoo
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - A Wallace Hayes
- College of Public Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Gholamreza Karimi
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Pharmaceutical Research Center, Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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3
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Inoue T, Kainuma M, Baba K, Oshiro N, Kimura N, Chan EWC. Garcinia subelliptica Merr. (Fukugi): A multipurpose coastal tree with promising medicinal properties. JOURNAL OF COMPLEMENTARY MEDICINE RESEARCH 2017; 6:121-127. [PMID: 28163970 PMCID: PMC5289081 DOI: 10.5455/jice.20161229060034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2016] [Accepted: 11/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
In this short review, the current knowledge on the botany, ecology, uses, and medicinal properties of the multipurpose Garcinia subelliptica (Fukugi) is updated. As yet, there are no reviews on this indigenous and heritage coastal tree species of the Ryukyu Islands in Japan, which has ethnocultural, ecological, and pharmacological significance. Planted by the Okinawan people some 300 years ago, Fukugi trees serve as windbreaks and accord protection against the destructive typhoons. The species has become a popular ornamental tree, and its bark has been used for dyeing fabrics. It forms part of the food chain for mammals and insects and serves as nesting sites for birds. Endowed with bioactive compounds of benzophenones, xanthones, biflavonoids, and triterpenoids, G. subelliptica possesses anticancer, anti-inflammatory, anti-tyrosinase, trypanocidal, antibacterial, DNA topoisomerase inhibitory, DNA strand scission, choline acetyltransferase enhancing, hypoxia-inducible factor-1 inhibitory, and antiandrogenic activities. Fukugetin and fukugiside are two novel biflavonoids named after the species. The chemical constituents of Fukugi fruits when compared with those of mangosteen yielded interesting contrasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomomi Inoue
- Centre for Environmental Biology and Ecosystem Studies, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Mami Kainuma
- International Society for Mangrove Ecosystems (ISME), Okinawa, Japan
| | - Karin Baba
- International Society for Mangrove Ecosystems (ISME), Okinawa, Japan
| | - Nozomi Oshiro
- International Society for Mangrove Ecosystems (ISME), Okinawa, Japan
| | - Norimi Kimura
- International Society for Mangrove Ecosystems (ISME), Okinawa, Japan
| | - Eric Wei Chiang Chan
- Department of Food Science with Nutrition, Faculty of Applied Sciences, UCSI University, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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4
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Cho YC, Cho S. c-Jun N-terminal kinase-mediated anti-inflammatory effects of Garcinia subelliptica in macrophages. Mol Med Rep 2016; 13:2293-300. [PMID: 26781201 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2016.4791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2015] [Accepted: 12/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Garcinia plants have been traditionally used to treat inflammatory diseases, such as skin infections and pain, in many regions including South‑East Asia. Garcinia subelliptica, a plant of the Garcinia species widely distributed from Japan to Thailand, has been reported to contain components similar to other Garcinia plants that exhibit anti‑inflammatory effects. The present study aimed to explore the anti‑inflammatory effects of ethanol extracts of Garcinia subelliptica (EGS) in macrophages, as there are no previous systemic studies that have investigated the effects of Garcinia subelliptica on inflammation. Non‑cytotoxic concentrations of EGS (≤200 µg/ml) were observed to reduce nitric oxide production by modulating iNOS expression in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‑stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages. The expression of cyclooxygenase‑2, the enzyme responsible for the production of prostaglandin E2, was notably reduced by EGS. EGS treatment inhibited the production of pro‑inflammatory cytokines, including IL‑6 and IL‑1β, however, not TNF‑α. Reduced production of inflammatory mediators by EGS was followed by reduced phosphorylation of c‑Jun N‑terminal kinase (JNK) however, not of other mitogen‑activated protein kinases and nuclear factor‑κB. These results indicate that EGS selectively inhibits the excessive production of inflammatory mediators in LPS‑stimulated murine macrophages by reducing the activation of JNK, suggesting that EGS is a candidate for modulating severe inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Chang Cho
- Laboratory of Molecular and Pharmacological Cell Biology, College of Pharmacy, Chung‑Ang University, Seoul 156‑756, Republic of Korea
| | - Sayeon Cho
- Laboratory of Molecular and Pharmacological Cell Biology, College of Pharmacy, Chung‑Ang University, Seoul 156‑756, Republic of Korea
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5
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Moreira MEC, Pereira RGFA, Dias Silva MJ, Dias DF, Gontijo VS, Giusti-Paiva A, Veloso MP, Doriguetto AC, Nagem TJ, dos Santos MH. Analgesic and Anti-Inflammatory Activities of the 2,8-Dihydroxy-1,6-Dimethoxyxanthone from Haploclathra paniculata (Mart) Benth (Guttiferae). J Med Food 2014; 17:686-93. [DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2013.0122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Marcelo Jose Dias Silva
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Federal University of Alfenas–UNIFAL-MG, Alfenas-MG, Brazil
| | | | - Vanessa Silva Gontijo
- Institute of Chemistry of Federal University of Alfenas–UNIFAL-MG, Alfenas-MG, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Giusti-Paiva
- Department of Biomedical Sciences of Federal University of Alfenas–UNIFAL-MG, Alfenas-MG, Brazil
| | - Marcia Paranho Veloso
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Federal University of Alfenas–UNIFAL-MG, Alfenas-MG, Brazil
| | | | - Tanus Jorge Nagem
- Department of Chemistry–ICEB, Federal University of Ouro Preto–UFOP, Ouro Preto-MG, Brazil
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Blanco-Ayala T, Lugo-Huitrón R, Serrano-López EM, Reyes-Chilpa R, Rangel-López E, Pineda B, Medina-Campos ON, Sánchez-Chapul L, Pinzón E, Cristina TS, Silva-Adaya D, Pedraza-Chaverrí J, Ríos C, de la Cruz VP, Torres-Ramos M. Antioxidant properties of xanthones from Calophyllum brasiliense: prevention of oxidative damage induced by FeSO₄. Altern Ther Health Med 2013; 13:262. [PMID: 24119308 PMCID: PMC3852108 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-13-262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2013] [Accepted: 10/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Background Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are important mediators in a number of degenerative diseases. Oxidative stress refers to the imbalance between the production of ROS and the ability to scavenge these species through endogenous antioxidant systems. Since antioxidants can inhibit oxidative processes, it becomes relevant to describe natural compounds with antioxidant properties which may be designed as therapies to decrease oxidative damage and stimulate endogenous cytoprotective systems. The present study tested the protective effect of two xanthones isolated from the heartwood of Calophyllum brasilienses against FeSO4-induced toxicity. Methods Through combinatory chemistry assays, we evaluated the superoxide (O2●—), hydroxyl radical (OH●), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and peroxynitrite (ONOO—) scavenging capacity of jacareubin (xanthone III) and 2-(3,3-dimethylallyl)-1,3,5,6-tetrahydroxyxanthone (xanthone V). The effect of these xanthones on murine DNA and bovine serum albumin degradation induced by an OH• generator system was also evaluated. Additionally, we investigated the effect of these xanthones on ROS production, lipid peroxidation and glutathione reductase (GR) activity in FeSO4-exposed brain, liver and lung rat homogenates. Results Xanthone V exhibited a better scavenging capacity for O2●—, ONOO- and OH● than xanthone III, although both xanthones were unable to trap H2O2. Additionally, xanthones III and V prevented the albumin and DNA degradation induced by the OH● generator system. Lipid peroxidation and ROS production evoked by FeSO4 were decreased by both xanthones in all tissues tested. Xanthones III and V also prevented the GR activity depletion induced by pro-oxidant activity only in the brain. Conclusions Altogether, the collected evidence suggests that xanthones can play a role as potential agents to attenuate the oxidative damage produced by different pro-oxidants.
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7
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Ting CW, Hwang TL, Chen IS, Yen MH, Chen JJ. A new benzoylphloroglucinol derivative with an adamantyl skeleton and other constituents from Garcinia multiflora: effects on neutrophil pro-inflammatory responses. Chem Biodivers 2012; 9:99-105. [PMID: 22253107 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.201100006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
A novel benzoylphloroglucinol derivative, garcimultiflorone D (1), with an unusual adamantyl-caged skeleton was isolated from the fruits of Garcinia multiflora, together with four known compounds. The structure of 1 was determined through extensive 1D/2D-NMR and mass-spectrometric analyses. Garcimultiflorone D (1) exhibited inhibitory activities with IC(50) values of 7.21±1.07 and 6.01±0.37 μg/ml against fMLP/CB-induced superoxide anion generation and elastase release, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Wei Ting
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
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8
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Niu SL, Li ZL, Ji F, Liu GY, Zhao N, Liu XQ, Jing YK, Hua HM. Xanthones from the stem bark of Garcinia bracteata with growth inhibitory effects against HL-60 cells. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2012; 77:280-6. [PMID: 22325589 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2012.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2011] [Revised: 11/10/2011] [Accepted: 01/07/2012] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Five xanthones, 1,4,5,6-tetrahydroxyxanthone (1) and bracteaxanthones III-VI (2-5) together with twenty-six known compounds (6-31), were isolated from the ethanol extract of the stem bark of Garcinia bracteata. Their structures were elucidated via spectroscopic analyses. Growth inhibitory activities of these compounds against the human leukaemic HL-60 cell line were measured in vitro. Compounds 7, 11, and 29 exhibited moderate activities with GI(50) values of 2.8, 3.4, and 3.1 μM, respectively, and a preliminary structure-activity relationship is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Li Niu
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, PR China
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9
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Negi PS. Plant extracts for the control of bacterial growth: efficacy, stability and safety issues for food application. Int J Food Microbiol 2012; 156:7-17. [PMID: 22459761 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2012.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 302] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2011] [Revised: 03/02/2012] [Accepted: 03/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The microbial safety of foods continues to be a major concern to consumers, regulatory agencies and food industries throughout the world. Many food preservation strategies have been used traditionally for the control of microbial spoilage in foods but the contamination of food and spoilage by microorganisms is a problem yet to be controlled adequately. Although synthetic antimicrobials are approved in many countries, the recent trend has been for use of natural preservatives, which necessitates the exploration of alternative sources of safe, effective and acceptable natural preservatives. Plants contain innumerable constituents and are valuable sources of new and biologically active molecules possessing antimicrobial properties. Plants extracts either as standardized extracts or as a source of pure compounds provide unlimited opportunities for control of microbial growth owing to their chemical diversity. Many plant extracts possess antimicrobial activity against a range of bacteria, yeast and molds, but the variations in quality and quantity of their bioactive constituents is the major detriments in their food use. Further, phytochemicals added to foods may be lost by various processing techniques. Several plant extracts or purified compounds intended for food use have been consumed by humans for thousands of years, but typical toxicological information is not available for them. Although international guidelines exist for the safety evaluation of food additives, owing to problems in standardization of plant extracts, typical toxicological values have not been assigned to them. Development of cost effective isolation procedures that yield standardized extracts as well as safety and toxicology evaluation of these antimicrobials requires a deeper investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pradeep Singh Negi
- Human Resource Development Department, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore 570020, India.
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10
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Manning K, Petrunak E, Lebo M, González-Sarrías A, Seeram NP, Henry GE. Acylphloroglucinol and xanthones from Hypericum ellipticum. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2011; 72:662-667. [PMID: 21338993 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2011.01.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2010] [Revised: 01/08/2011] [Accepted: 01/21/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
An acylphloroglucinol, elliptophenone A, and two xanthones, elliptoxanthone A and elliptoxanthone B, were isolated from the aerial portions of Hypericum ellipticum together with three known xanthones, 1,3,7-trihydroxy-8-(3-methyl-2-butenyl)-9H-xanthen-9-one, 1,6-dihydroxy-4-methoxy-9H-xanthen-9-one, and 1,4,5-trihydroxy-9H-xanthen-9-one. Their structures were determined by spectroscopic analyses. The acylphloroglucinol and xanthones were evaluated for cytotoxicity using three human colon cancer cell lines cell lines (HT-29, HCT-116 and Caco-2) and a normal human colon cell line (CCD-18Co).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kylie Manning
- Department of Chemistry, Susquehanna University, 514 University Avenue, Selinsgrove, PA 17870, USA
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11
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Zhang LJ, Chiou CT, Cheng JJ, Huang HC, Yang Kuo LM, Liao CC, Bastow KF, Lee KH, Kuo YH. Cytotoxic polyisoprenyl benzophenonoids from Garcinia subelliptica. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2010; 73:557-62. [PMID: 20232858 PMCID: PMC2860718 DOI: 10.1021/np900620y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Six new polyisoprenyl benzophenonoids, (+/-)-garcinialiptone A (1, 2), garcinialiptone B (3), (-)-cycloxanthochymol (4), garcinialiptone C (5), and garcinialiptone D (6), along with three known compounds, xanthochymol (7), isoxanthochymol (8), and cycloxanthochymol (9), were isolated from the fruits of Garcinia subelliptica. The structures of 1-6 were elucidated by spectroscopic analysis. Biological evaluation showed that all compounds 1-9 exhibited cytotoxic activity against a small panel of human tumor cell lines (A549, DU145, KB, vincristine-resistant KB).
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MESH Headings
- Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/chemistry
- Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/isolation & purification
- Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/pharmacology
- Benzophenones/chemistry
- Benzophenones/isolation & purification
- Benzophenones/pharmacology
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/drug effects
- Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor
- Drugs, Chinese Herbal/chemistry
- Drugs, Chinese Herbal/isolation & purification
- Drugs, Chinese Herbal/pharmacology
- Fruit/chemistry
- Garcinia/chemistry
- Humans
- KB Cells
- Molecular Structure
- Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Biomolecular
- Plants, Medicinal/chemistry
- Vincristine/pharmacology
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Jie Zhang
- National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Tang Chiou
- National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Jing-Jy Cheng
- National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Chi Huang
- School of Chinese Medicine Resources, China Medical University, Taichung, 404, Taiwan
| | - Li-Ming Yang Kuo
- National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Chin Liao
- National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Kenneth F. Bastow
- Natural Products Research Laboratories, Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Natural Products, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University or North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7360
| | - Kuo-Hsiung Lee
- Natural Products Research Laboratories, Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Natural Products, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University or North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7360
| | - Yao-Haur Kuo
- National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Taipei 112, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicine, China Medical University, Taichuang 404, Taiwan
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12
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Zhang Z, Li Z, Tian J, Jiang W, Wang Y, Zhang X, Li Z, You Q, Shapiro JI, Si S, Xie Z. Identification of hydroxyxanthones as Na/K-ATPase ligands. Mol Pharmacol 2010; 77:961-7. [PMID: 20335388 DOI: 10.1124/mol.110.063974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
We have screened a chemical library and identified several novel structures of Na/K-ATPase inhibitors. One group of these inhibitors belongs to polyphenolic xanthone derivatives. Functional characterization reveals the following properties of this group of inhibitors. First, like ouabain, they are potent inhibitors of the purified Na/K-ATPase. Second, their effects on the Na/K-ATPase depend on the number and position of phenolic groups. Methylation of these phenolic groups reduces the inhibitory effect. Third, further characterization of the most potent xanthone derivative, MB7 (3,4,5,6-tetrahydroxyxanthone), reveals that it does not change either Na(+) or ATP affinity of the enzyme. Finally, unlike that of ouabain, the inhibitory effect of MB7 on Na/K-ATPase is not antagonized by K(+). Moreover, MB7 does not activate the receptor Na/K-ATPase/Src complex and fails to stimulate protein kinase cascades in cultured cells. Thus, we have identified a group of novel Na/K-ATPase ligands that can inhibit the pumping function without stimulating the signaling function of Na/K-ATPase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongbing Zhang
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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13
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Xiao HB, Sun ZL, Lu XY, Li DZ, Xu JP, Hu YP. Beneficial effect of 3,4,5,6-tetrahydroxyxanthone on dyslipidemia in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2009; 86:815-26. [PMID: 19088802 DOI: 10.1139/y08-091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Previous investigations have shown that decreased expression of angiopoietin-like protein 3 (Angptl3) is protective against dyslipidemia in atherosclerosis. The present study was conducted to test the effect of 3,4,5,6-tetrahydroxyxanthone, a xanthone compound, on dyslipidemia in apolipoprotein E-deficient (ApoE-/-) mice. Forty mice were randomly divided into 4 groups (n = 10): control group (C57BL/6J mice), ApoE-/-mice group, and two groups of ApoE-/- mice treated with 3,4,5,6-tetrahydroxyxanthone (10 or 30 mg/kg per day). Eight weeks after treatment, lipid levels in the blood and liver, expression of hepatic Angptl3, and adipose tissue lipoprotein lipase (LPL) were determined. Treatment with 3,4,5,6-tetrahydroxyxanthone (10 or 30 mg/kg) significantly decreased plasma and hepatic total cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations, increased plasma high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and significantly downregulated expression of Angptl3 mRNA and protein concomitantly with upregulated expression of LPL mRNA. In addition, T0901317 (a liver X receptor ligand) caused elevated expression of hepatic Angptl3 mRNA and protein, and the effect of T0901317 was also abrogated by 3,4,5,6-tetrahydroxyxanthone in vivo and in vitro. The present results suggest that the beneficial effect of 3,4,5,6-tetrahydroxyxanthone on dyslipidemia may be related to reduced expression of Angptl3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Bo Xiao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China.
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14
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Negi P, Jayaprakasha G, Jena B. Antibacterial activity of the extracts from the fruit rinds of Garcinia cowa and Garcinia pedunculata against food borne pathogens and spoilage bacteria. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2008.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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15
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Niwa M, Terashima K, Ishida T, Furukawa T, Takaya Y. Constituents of Green and Ripened Fruit of Garcinia subelliptica. HETEROCYCLES 2008. [DOI: 10.3987/com-07-11216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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16
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Antioxidative and antimutagenic activities of the extracts from the rinds of Garcinia pedunculata. INNOV FOOD SCI EMERG 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ifset.2006.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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17
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Dar A, Faizi S, Naqvi S, Roome T, Zikr-ur-Rehman S, Ali M, Firdous S, Moin ST. Analgesic and antioxidant activity of mangiferin and its derivatives: the structure activity relationship. Biol Pharm Bull 2005; 28:596-600. [PMID: 15802793 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.28.596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Mangiferin, 2-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-1,3,6,7-tetrahydroxy-9H-xanthen-9-one, obtained directly from methanolic extracts of Bombax ceiba leaves in substantial amounts demonstrated strong antioxidant activity (EC(50) 5.8+/-0.96 mug/ml or 13.74 muM) using DPPH assay comparable to rutin, commonly used as antioxidant for medical purposes. The acetyl and cinnamoyl derivatives were found to be less active than mangiferin whereas, methyl and 3,6,7-trimethylether tetraacetate derivatives were inactive implying that for antioxidant activity, free hydroxyl groups and catechol moiety are essential. Moreover, mangiferin showed hepatoprotective activity against carbon tetrachloride induced liver injury further supporting the free radical scavenging property in the in vivo system. Additionally, plant extracts and mangiferin failed to exhibit acute anti-inflammatory activity whereas, it displayed significant analgesic effect in acetic acid-induced writhing and hot plate tests in mice. Using naloxone, it was revealed that plant extracts induced analgesia was independent of opioid receptor, whereas, mangiferin demonstrated significant interaction with it at peripheral site with a slight contribution at the neuronal level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahsana Dar
- H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, University of Karachi, Pakistan.
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18
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Pinto DCGA, Silva AMS, Brito CM, Sandulache A, Carrillo JR, Prieto P, Díaz-Ortiz A, de la Hoz A, Cavaleiro JAS. Reactivity of 3-Styrylchromones as Dienes in Diels-Alder Reactions under Microwave Irradiation: A New Synthesis of Xanthones. European J Org Chem 2005. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.200500073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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19
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Kouam SF, Ngadjui BT, Krohn K, Wafo P, Ajaz A, Choudhary MI. Prenylated anthronoid antioxidants from the stem bark of Harungana madagascariensis. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2005; 66:1174-9. [PMID: 15924922 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2005.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2004] [Revised: 03/15/2005] [Accepted: 03/16/2005] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Two new prenylated anthronoids, harunmadagascarins A and B, were isolated from the stem bark of Harungana madagascariensis along with six known compounds including two anthronoids: harunganol B and harungin anthrone, one benzophenone: methyl 3-formyl-2,4-dihydroxy-6-methyl benzoate and three pentacyclic triterpenes: friedelin, lupeol and betulinic acid. Harunmadagascarins A and B were characterized as 8,9-dihydroxy-4,4-bis-(3,3-dimethylallyl)-6-methyl-2,3-(2,2-dimethylpyrano)anthrone and 8,9-dihydroxy-4,4,5-tris-(3,3-dimethylallyl)-6-methyl-2,3-(2,2-dimethylpyrano)anthrone, respectively. The structures of these secondary metabolites were determined by spectroscopic means and comparison with the published data. Methyl 3-formyl-2,4-dihydroxy-6-methyl benzoate was isolated for the first time from a plant. Harunmadagascarins A and B, harunganol B and harungin anthrone exhibited significant antioxidant activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simeon F Kouam
- Department of Chemistry, Higher Teachers' Training College, University of Yaounde 1, BP 47, Yaounde, Cameroon
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20
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Joseph GS, Jayaprakasha GK, Selvi AT, Jena BS, Sakariah KK. Antiaflatoxigenic and antioxidant activities of Garcinia extracts. Int J Food Microbiol 2005; 101:153-60. [PMID: 15862877 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2004.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2004] [Revised: 10/20/2004] [Accepted: 11/12/2004] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The effect of hexane and chloroform extracts from the fruit rinds of Garcinia cowa and Garcinia pedunculata on the growth and aflatoxin production in Aspergillus flavus was studied using peanut powder as a model food system. The growth of A. flavus was completely inhibited by the hexane and chloroform extracts from G. cowa and chloroform extract from G. pedunculata at 3000 ppm concentration, which was considered as the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). The MIC for the hexane extract of G. pedunculata was at 4000 ppm. Both the extracts from G. cowa inhibited aflatoxin B1 production upto 100% at a lower concentration of 2000 ppm. It was observed that, at lower concentration of the extracts from G. cowa and G. pedunculata, the degree of inhibition of aflatoxin production was much higher than the inhibition of fungal growth. The hexane and chloroform extracts from G. cowa and G. pedunculata were also studied for their antioxidant capacity by the formation of phosphomolybdenum complex at 100 ppm concentration and reducing power by potassium ferricyanide reduction method at various concentrations. Hexane and chloroform extracts from G. cowa showed higher antioxidant capacity than G. pedunculata extracts. Similarly, both the extracts from G. cowa showed higher reducing power than the extracts from G. pedunculata. The antiaflatoxigenic activities of the extracts from G. cowa and G. pedunculata may be due to their effective antioxidative properties, which could suppress the biosynthesis of aflatoxin.
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Affiliation(s)
- G S Joseph
- Human Resource Development, Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore-570 020, India
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21
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Hay AE, Hélesbeux JJ, Duval O, Labaïed M, Grellier P, Richomme P. Antimalarial xanthones from Calophyllum caledonicum and Garcinia vieillardii. Life Sci 2004; 75:3077-85. [PMID: 15474559 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2004.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2004] [Accepted: 07/15/2004] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The antimalarial activity of 22 xanthones against chloroquino-resistant strains of Plasmodium falciparum was evaluated. Natural caloxanthone C (1), demethylcalabaxanthone (2), calothwaitesixanthone (3), calozeyloxanthone (4), dombakinaxanthone (5), macluraxanthone (6), and 6-deoxy-gamma-mangostin (7) were isolated from Calophyllum caledonicum. 1,6-dihydroxyxanthone (8), pancixanthone A (9), isocudraniaxanthone B (10), isocudraniaxanthone A (11), 2-deprenylrheediaxanthone B (12) and 1,4,5-trihydroxyxanthone (13) were isolated from Garcinia vieillardii. Moreover, synthetic compounds (14-22) are analogues or intermediates of xanthones purified from Calophyllum caledonicum (Oger J.M., Morel C., Helesbeux J.J., Litaudon M., Seraphin D., Dartiguelongue C., Larcher G., Richomme P., Duval O. 2003. First 2-Hydroxy-3-Methylbut-3-Enyl substituted xanthones isolated from Plants: structure elucidation, synthesis and antifungal activity. Natural Product Research 17(3), 195-199; Helesbeux J.J., Duval O., Dartiguelongue C., Seraphin D., Oger J.M., Richomme P., 2004. Synthesis of 2-hydroxy-3-methylbut-3-enyl substituted coumarins and xanthones as natural products. Application of the Schenck ene reaction of singlet oxygen with ortho-prenylphenol precursors. Tetrahedron 60(10), 2293-2300). The relationship between antimalarial activity and molecular structure of xanthones has also been explored. The most potent xanthones (2), (3) and (7) (IC50 = c.a. 1.0 microg/mL) are 1,3,7 trioxygenated and prenylated on the positions 2 and 8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Emmanuelle Hay
- SONAS, UFR des Sciences pharmaceutiques et Ingénierie de la santé, 16, Bd Daviers, Angers, France
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22
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Dai Z, Liao DF, Jiang DJ, Deng HW, Li YJ. 3,4,5,6-Tetrahydroxyxanthone prevents vascular endothelial cell apoptosis induced by high glucose. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2004; 370:314-9. [PMID: 15338110 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-004-0973-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2004] [Accepted: 07/22/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Apoptosis of endothelial cells may be an important risk factor contributing to the incidence of vascular complications in diabetes. In the present study, we tested the effect of 3,4,5,6-tetrahydroxyxanthone, a synthetic xanthone derivative, on apoptosis induced in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) by a high glucose concentration. Cell apoptosis was detected using DNA ladder formation and flow cytometric techniques. The expression of Bcl-2 protein was analysed using flow cytometric techniques. Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity and malonyldialdehyde (MDA) content in the medium were measured. Cell viability was assayed by the 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) method. Exposure of HUVEC to a high glucose concentration (30 mM) for 48 h markedly increased LDH release and MDA content in the medium and induced apoptosis and Bcl-2 protein expression in HUVEC. Pretreatment with 3,4,5,6-tetrahydroxyxanthone (1, 3 or 10 microM) or probucol (10 microM) significantly decreased the level of LDH and MDA in the medium, reduced apoptosis and increased the expression of Bcl-2 protein in HUVEC. These results suggest that 3,4,5,6-tetrahydroxyxanthone inhibits high-glucose-induced endothelial cell apoptosis by increasing Bcl-2 protein expression in HUVEC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong Dai
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, 410078 Changsha, Hunan, China
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23
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Jiang DJ, Jiang JL, Zhu HQ, Tan GS, Liu SQ, Xu KP, Li YJ. Demethylbellidifolin preserves endothelial function by reduction of the endogenous nitric oxide synthase inhibitor level. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2004; 93:295-306. [PMID: 15234768 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2004.03.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2004] [Revised: 02/15/2004] [Accepted: 03/26/2004] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The present study examined the anti-oxidation and protective effects of demethylbellidifolin (DMB), a xanthone compound extracted from swertia davidi Franch, on endothelium. The relationship between the protective effects of DMB on endothelium and the level of asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA), an endogenous inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase, was also determined in the present study. DMB significantly inhibited Cu(2+)-induced low-density lipoprotein (LDL) oxidation and scavenged DPPH radicals. DMB significantly attenuated the inhibition of endothelium-dependent vasodilator responses, induced by lysophosphatidycholine (LPC) in vitro and LDL in vivo, and increased release of lactate dehydrogenase induced by LDL in cultured endothelial cells. DMB significantly attenuated the increased concentration of malondialdehyde and ADMA, and the decreased level of nitric oxide induced by LDL in vivo and in cultured endothelial cells. DMB also significantly reduced the decreased activity of dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase (DDAH) induced by LDL in cultured endothelial cells. In summary, the present results suggest that DMB protects endothelial damage induced by LPC in vitro and LDL in vivo or in endothelial cells, and the protective effect of DMB on the endothelium is related to reduction of ADMA concentration via an increase of DDAH activity by inhibition of lipid peroxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- De-Jian Jiang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
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24
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Hay AE, Aumond MC, Mallet S, Dumontet V, Litaudon M, Rondeau D, Richomme P. Antioxidant xanthones from Garcinia vieillardii. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2004; 67:707-709. [PMID: 15104511 DOI: 10.1021/np0304971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Two new xanthones, 6-O-methyl-2-deprenylrheediaxanthone B (1) and vieillardixanthone (2), were isolated from the stem bark of Garcinia vieillardii, as were four known compounds (4-7). The structures of 1 and 2 were determined by means of spectroscopic analysis and chemical derivatization. Each isolate was tested for its antioxidant properties based on a scavenging activity study using the stable 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Emmanuelle Hay
- SONAS, UFR des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Ingénierie de la Santé, 16 Bd Daviers, F-49100 Angers, France
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25
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Abe F, Nagafuji S, Okabe H, Higo H, Akahane H. Trypanocidal Constituents in Plants 2. Xanthones from the Stem Bark of Garcinia subelliptica. Biol Pharm Bull 2003; 26:1730-3. [PMID: 14646180 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.26.1730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The constituents of the stem bark of Garcinia subelliptica (Guttiferae) were investigated based on its trypanocidal activity against epimastigotes of Trypanosoma cruzi, the etiologic agent for Chagas' disease. As the active components, nine xanthones were isolated including two new ones, 4-hydroxybrasilixanthone B and 1,3,5,6-tetrahydroxy-4,7,8-tri(3-methyl-2-butenyl)xanthone. Their structures were determined by spectroscopic analysis. Trypanocidal activity against trypomastigotes, an infectious form of T. cruzi, was also estimated as well as cytotoxic activity. Fukugetin, the major component of the bark, showed no activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumiko Abe
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University,
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26
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Sandulache A, Silva AM, Cavaleiro JA. Diels–Alder reactions of chromone-3-carboxaldehydes with ortho-benzoquinodimethane. New synthesis of benzo[b]xanthones. Tetrahedron 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(01)01131-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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27
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Mackeen MM, Ali AM, Lajis NH, Kawazu K, Hassan Z, Amran M, Habsah M, Mooi LY, Mohamed SM. Antimicrobial, antioxidant, antitumour-promoting and cytotoxic activities of different plant part extracts of Garcinia atroviridis griff. ex T. anders. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2000; 72:395-402. [PMID: 10996278 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-8741(00)00245-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Crude extracts (methanol) of various parts, viz. the leaves, fruits, roots, stem and trunk bark, of Garcinia atroviridis were screened for antimicrobial, cytotoxic, brine shrimp toxic, antitumour-promoting and antioxidant activities. The crude extracts exhibited predominantly antibacterial activity with the root extract showing the strongest inhibition against the test bacteria at a minimum inhibitory dose (MID) of 15.6 microg/disc. Although all the extracts failed to inhibit the growth of most of the test fungi, significant antifungal activity against Cladosporium herbarum was exhibited by most notably the fruit (MID: 100 microg), and the leaf (MID: 400 microg) extracts. None of the extracts were significantly cytotoxic, and lethal towards brine shrimps. The root, leaf, trunk and stem bark extracts (except for the fruits) showed strong antioxidant activity exceeding that of the standard antioxidant, alpha-tocopherol. Antitumour-promoting activity (>95% inhibition) was shown by the fruit, leaf, stem and trunk bark extracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- M M Mackeen
- Department of Biotechnology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
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28
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Kosela S, Hu LH, Rachmatia T, Hanafi M, Sim KY. Dulxanthones F-H, three new pyranoxanthones from Garcinia dulcis. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2000; 63:406-407. [PMID: 10757732 DOI: 10.1021/np990397o] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Three new pyranoxanthones, dulxanthones F-H (1-3), have been isolated from the leaves of Garcinia dulcis. Their structures have been determined on the basis of extensive NMR studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Kosela
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Kent Ridge, Singapore 119260
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29
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Free radical biology and pathology. J Equine Vet Sci 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s0737-0806(99)80076-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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30
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Minami H, Hamaguchi K, Kubo M, Fukuyama Y. A benzophenone and a xanthone from Garcinia Subelliptica. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 1998; 49:1783-1785. [PMID: 11711101 DOI: 10.1016/s0031-9422(98)00213-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
A new benzophenone derivative, 2',3',6-trihydroxy-2,4-dimethoxybenzophenone and a new xanthone, 1,6-O-dimethylsymphoxanthone have been isolated from the wood of Garcinia subelliptica. Their structures have been determined by analysis of the spectroscopic data and comparison of the NMR data with those of the compounds previously reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Minami
- Institute of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, Yamashiro-cho, 770, Tokushima, Japan
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31
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Fukuyama Y, Minami H, Takeuchi K, Kodama M, Kawazu K. Neovibsanines A and B, unprecedented diterpenes from Viburnum awabuki. Tetrahedron Lett 1996. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(96)01463-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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