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Reddi R, Resnick E, Rogel A, Rao BV, Gabizon R, Goldenberg K, Gurwicz N, Zaidman D, Plotnikov A, Barr H, Shulman Z, London N. Tunable Methacrylamides for Covalent Ligand Directed Release Chemistry. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:4979-4992. [PMID: 33761747 PMCID: PMC8041284 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c10644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Targeted covalent inhibitors are an important class of drugs and chemical probes. However, relatively few electrophiles meet the criteria for successful covalent inhibitor design. Here we describe α-substituted methacrylamides as a new class of electrophiles suitable for targeted covalent inhibitors. While typically α-substitutions inactivate acrylamides, we show that hetero α-substituted methacrylamides have higher thiol reactivity and undergo a conjugated addition-elimination reaction ultimately releasing the substituent. Their reactivity toward thiols is tunable and correlates with the pKa/pKb of the leaving group. In the context of the BTK inhibitor ibrutinib, these electrophiles showed lower intrinsic thiol reactivity than the unsubstituted ibrutinib acrylamide. This translated to comparable potency in protein labeling, in vitro kinase assays, and functional cellular assays, with improved selectivity. The conjugate addition-elimination reaction upon covalent binding to their target cysteine allows functionalizing α-substituted methacrylamides as turn-on probes. To demonstrate this, we prepared covalent ligand directed release (CoLDR) turn-on fluorescent probes for BTK, EGFR, and K-RasG12C. We further demonstrate a BTK CoLDR chemiluminescent probe that enabled a high-throughput screen for BTK inhibitors. Altogether we show that α-substituted methacrylamides represent a new and versatile addition to the toolbox of targeted covalent inhibitor design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rambabu
N. Reddi
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, The Weizmann Institute
of Science, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
| | - Efrat Resnick
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, The Weizmann Institute
of Science, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
| | - Adi Rogel
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, The Weizmann Institute
of Science, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
| | - Boddu Venkateswara Rao
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, The Weizmann Institute
of Science, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
| | - Ronen Gabizon
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, The Weizmann Institute
of Science, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
| | - Kim Goldenberg
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, The Weizmann Institute
of Science, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
- Department
of Immunology, The Weizmann Institute of
Science, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
| | - Neta Gurwicz
- Department
of Immunology, The Weizmann Institute of
Science, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
| | - Daniel Zaidman
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, The Weizmann Institute
of Science, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
| | - Alexander Plotnikov
- Wohl
Institute for Drug Discovery of the Nancy and Stephen Grand Israel
National Center for Personalized Medicine, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
| | - Haim Barr
- Wohl
Institute for Drug Discovery of the Nancy and Stephen Grand Israel
National Center for Personalized Medicine, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
| | - Ziv Shulman
- Department
of Immunology, The Weizmann Institute of
Science, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
| | - Nir London
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, The Weizmann Institute
of Science, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
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Fiala S, Roman M, Inacio R, Mashal S, Brown MB, Jones SA. New insights into eutectic cream skin penetration enhancement. Int J Pharm 2016; 499:403-411. [PMID: 26732522 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2015.12.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2015] [Revised: 12/20/2015] [Accepted: 12/21/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The manner in which the eutectic cream EMLA enhances the percutaneous penetration of lidocaine and prilocaine into human skin is still not fully understood. The purpose of this study was to investigate if the modification of drug aggregation played a role in the way EMLA facilitates delivery. Light scattering analysis of lidocaine alone in water gave a critical aggregation concentration (CAC) of 572 μM and a mean aggregate size of 58.8 nm. The analysis of prilocaine in identical conditions gave a CAC of 1177 μM and a mean aggregate size of 105.7 ± 24.8 nm. When the two drugs were mixed at their eutectic 1:1 ratio in water the CAC reduced to 165.8 μM and the aggregate size was 43.82 nm. This lidocaine-prilocaine interaction in water was further modified upon addition of polyoxyethylene hydrogenated castor oil, the surfactant in the EMLA aqueous phase, to produce aggregates of <20 nm. The physical characterisation data suggested that it was the EMLA cream's surfactant that modified the drug molecular interactions in the aqueous continuous phase and caused a 6 fold higher drug penetration through human epidermal tissue compared to the oil formulations tested in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Fiala
- Insitute of Pharmaceutical Science, School of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, United Kingdom
| | - Marie Roman
- Insitute of Pharmaceutical Science, School of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, United Kingdom
| | - Ricardo Inacio
- Insitute of Pharmaceutical Science, School of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, United Kingdom
| | - Sumaia Mashal
- Insitute of Pharmaceutical Science, School of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, United Kingdom
| | - Marc B Brown
- School of Pharmacy, University of Hertfordshire, College Lane, Hatfield, Herts, AL10 9AB, United Kingdom; MedPharm Ltd., Unit 3/Chancellor Court, 50 Occam Road, Surrey Research Park, Guilford GU2 7YN, United Kingdom
| | - Stuart A Jones
- Insitute of Pharmaceutical Science, School of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, United Kingdom.
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Ong EBB, Watanabe N, Saito A, Futamura Y, Abd El Galil KH, Koito A, Najimudin N, Osada H. Vipirinin, a coumarin-based HIV-1 Vpr inhibitor, interacts with a hydrophobic region of VPR. J Biol Chem 2011; 286:14049-56. [PMID: 21357691 PMCID: PMC3077605 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.185397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2010] [Revised: 02/27/2011] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1) viral protein R (Vpr) is an accessory protein that has been shown to have multiple roles in HIV-1 pathogenesis. By screening chemical libraries in the RIKEN Natural Products Depository, we identified a 3-phenyl coumarin-based compound that inhibited the cell cycle arrest activity of Vpr in yeast and Vpr-dependent viral infection of human macrophages. We determined its minimal pharmacophore through a structure-activity relationship study and produced more potent derivatives. We detected direct binding, and by assaying a panel of Vpr mutants, we found the hydrophobic region about residues Glu-25 and Gln-65 to be potentially involved in the binding of the inhibitor. Our findings exposed a targeting site on Vpr and delineated a convenient approach to explore other targeting sites on the protein using small molecule inhibitors as bioprobes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugene Boon Beng Ong
- From the Chemical Biology Core Facility, Chemical Biology Department, RIKEN Advanced Science Institute, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako-shi, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- the School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Penang, Malaysia, and
| | - Nobumoto Watanabe
- From the Chemical Biology Core Facility, Chemical Biology Department, RIKEN Advanced Science Institute, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako-shi, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- the School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Penang, Malaysia, and
| | - Akiko Saito
- From the Chemical Biology Core Facility, Chemical Biology Department, RIKEN Advanced Science Institute, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako-shi, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Yushi Futamura
- From the Chemical Biology Core Facility, Chemical Biology Department, RIKEN Advanced Science Institute, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako-shi, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Khaled Hussein Abd El Galil
- the Department of Retrovirology and Self-Defense, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
| | - Atsushi Koito
- the Department of Retrovirology and Self-Defense, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
| | - Nazalan Najimudin
- the School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Penang, Malaysia, and
| | - Hiroyuki Osada
- From the Chemical Biology Core Facility, Chemical Biology Department, RIKEN Advanced Science Institute, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako-shi, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- the School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Penang, Malaysia, and
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