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Darwish RS, Hammoda HM, Ghareeb DA, Abdelhamid ASA, Harraz FM, Shawky E. Chemical profiling and identification of anti-inflammatory biomarkers of oriental Thuja ( Platycladus orientalis) using UPLC/MS/MS and network pharmacology-based analyses. Nat Prod Res 2021; 36:4782-4786. [PMID: 34866494 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2021.2010198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Platycladus orientalis L. Franco has many folk uses as it is mainly used to treat inflammatory ailments. UPLC-MS/MS was used for the chemical profiling of P. orientalis leaves. Identified metabolites were forwarded to network pharmacology analysis. Networks were constructed based on STITCH, SEA, DAVID, KEGG and STRING databases and using Cytoscape. The identified hit compounds were afzelin, myricetin, apigenin-7-O-hexoside, quercetrin and hyperoside. IL2, VEGFA, AKT1, AKT2, CREB1, IL5, RPS6KB1 and TNF were the main inflammation-related targets identified. Quercetrin and hyperoside were tested for their anti-inflammatory activity. it can be concluded that, the identified hit compounds exhibited strong synergistic interactions with the inflammation and immunity-related targets and pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reham S Darwish
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacognosy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Hala M Hammoda
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacognosy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Doaa A Ghareeb
- Biological Screening and Preclinical Trial Laboratory, Faculty of Science, Department of Biochemistry, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.,Pharmaceutical and Fermentation Industries Development Centre, City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA-City), Borg Al-Arab, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Ali S A Abdelhamid
- Pharmaceutical and Fermentation Industries Development Centre, City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA-City), Borg Al-Arab, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Fathallah M Harraz
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacognosy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Eman Shawky
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacognosy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
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2
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Bae S, Han JW, Dang QL, Kim H, Choi GJ. Plant Disease Control Efficacy of Platycladus orientalis and Its Antifungal Compounds. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10081496. [PMID: 34451541 PMCID: PMC8400505 DOI: 10.3390/plants10081496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Plants contain a number of bioactive compounds that exhibit antimicrobial activity, which can be recognized as an important source of agrochemicals for plant disease control. In searching for natural alternatives to synthetic fungicides, we found that a methanol extract of the plant species Platycladus orientalis suppressed the disease development of rice blast caused by Magnaporthe oryzae. Through a series of chromatography procedures in combination with activity-guided fractionation, we isolated and identified a total of eleven compounds including four labdane-type diterpenes (1-4), six isopimarane-type diterpenes (5-10), and one sesquiterpene (11). Of the identified compounds, the MIC values of compounds 1, 2, 5 & 6 mixture, 9, and 11 ranged from 100 to 200 μg/mL against M. oryzae, whereas the other compounds were over 200 μg/mL. When rice plants were treated with the antifungal compounds, compounds 1, 2, and 9 effectively suppressed the development of rice blast at all concentrations tested by over 75% compared to the non-treatment control. In addition, a mixture of compounds 5 & 6 that constituted 66% of the P. orientalis ethyl acetate fraction also exhibited a moderate disease control efficacy. Together, our data suggest that the methanol extract of P. orientalis including terpenoid compounds has potential as a crop protection agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sohyun Bae
- Center for Eco-Friendly New Materials, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon 34114, Korea;
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacology, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Korea;
| | - Jae Woo Han
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacology, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Korea;
| | - Quang Le Dang
- Research and Development Center of Bioactive Compounds, Vietnam Institute of Industrial Chemistry, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam;
| | - Hun Kim
- Center for Eco-Friendly New Materials, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon 34114, Korea;
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacology, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Korea;
- Correspondence: (H.K.); (G.J.C.)
| | - Gyung Ja Choi
- Center for Eco-Friendly New Materials, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon 34114, Korea;
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacology, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Korea;
- Correspondence: (H.K.); (G.J.C.)
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3
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Shahinozzaman M, Islam M, Basak B, Sultana A, Emran R, Ashrafizadeh M, Islam ATMR. A review on chemistry, source and therapeutic potential of lambertianic acid. Z NATURFORSCH C 2021; 76:347-356. [PMID: 33826808 DOI: 10.1515/znc-2020-0267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Lambertianic acid (LA) is a diterpene bioactive compound mainly purified from different species of Pinus. It is an optical isomer of another natural compound daniellic acid and was firstly purified from Pinus lambertiana. LA can be synthesized in laboratory from podocarpic acid. It has been reported to have potential health benefits in attenuating obesity, allergies and different cancers including breast, liver, lung and prostate cancer. It exhibits anticancer properties through inhibiting cancer cell proliferation and survival, and inducing apoptosis, targeting major signalling components including AKT, AMPK, NFkB, COX-2, STAT3, etc. Most of the studies with LA were done using in vitro models, thus warranting future investigations with animal models to evaluate its pharmacological effects such as antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects as well as to explore the underlying molecular mechanisms and toxicological profile. This review describes the chemistry, source, purification and therapeutic potentials of LA and it can therefore be a suitable guideline for any future study with LA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Shahinozzaman
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Moutushi Islam
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Bristy Basak
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi 6205, Bangladesh
| | - Arifa Sultana
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Rashiduzzaman Emran
- Department of Biochemistry, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh.,Department of Agricultural Extension (DAE), Dhaka 1215, Bangladesh
| | - Milad Ashrafizadeh
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, Orta Mahalle, Üniversite Caddesi No. 27, Orhanlı, Tuzla, 34956, Istanbul, Turkey.,Sabanci University Nanotechnology Research and Application Center (SUNUM), Tuzla, 34956, Istanbul, Turkey
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4
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Luthra R, Roy A. Role of medicinal plants against neurodegenerative diseases. Curr Pharm Biotechnol 2021; 23:123-139. [PMID: 33573549 DOI: 10.2174/1389201022666210211123539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Diseases with a significant loss of neurons, structurally and functionally are termed as neurodegenerative diseases. Due to the present therapeutic interventions and progressive nature of diseases, a variety of side effects have risen up, thus leading the patients to go for an alternative medication. The role of medicinal plants in such cases has been beneficial because of their exhibition via different cellular and molecular mechanisms. Alleviation in inflammatory responses, suppression of the functionary aspect of pro-inflammatory cytokines like a tumor, improvement in antioxidative properties is among few neuroprotective mechanisms of traditional plants. Variation in transcription and transduction pathways play a vital role in the preventive measures of plants in such diseases. Neurodegenerative diseases are generally caused by depletion of proteins, oxidative and inflammatory stress, environmental changes and so on, with aging being the most important cause. Natural compounds can be used in order to treat neurodegenerative diseases Medicinal plants such as Ginseng, Withania somnifera, Bacopa monnieri, Ginkgo biloba, etc. are some of the medicinal plants for prevention of neurological symptoms. This review deals with the use of different medicinal plants for the prevention of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritika Luthra
- Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University, Delhi. India
| | - Arpita Roy
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering & Technology, Sharda University, Greater Noida. India
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Akaberi M, Boghrati Z, Amiri MS, Khayyat MH, Emami SA. A Review of Conifers in Iran: Chemistry, Biology and their Importance in Traditional and Modern Medicine. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 26:1584-1613. [PMID: 32003665 DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666200128100023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Cupressus sempervirens, Platycladus orientalis, Juniperus communis, J. excelsa, J. foetidissima, J. polycarpos var. turcomanica, J. sabina, and Taxus baccata are conifers in Iran. These plants have a long reputation in different systems of traditional medicines for a variety of diseases. This review aims to provide comprehensive and up-to-date information about the ethnopharmacological uses, chemical constituents, and pharmacology of these conifers. Furthermore this study comprises a bibliographical survey of major Islamic Traditional Medicine (ITM) books regarding different medical aspects of these species. A literature search was conducted on the applications of these conifers both in traditional and modern medicines by referencing traditional textbooks and scientific databases. Ethnobotanical literature review indicates that various parts of the plants including cones, berries, leaves, bark, wood, and resin have been used for a broad spectrum of applications. In Iran, C. sempervirens, J. sabina, J. communis, and T. baccata have been used traditionally for the treatment of urinary, digestive, nervous, respiratory, and integumentary systems-related problems. The phytochemical constituents of these plants can be divided into two main categories: volatile and non-volatile components, all dominated by terpenes. Considering the pharmacological and clinical evidence, while some of the traditional applications of these plants are supported by modern medicine, implying the value of the traditional and folklore knowledge for finding new lead compounds in drug discovery, some have remained unexamined showing the need for much more studies in this regard.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Akaberi
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Zahra Boghrati
- Department of Traditional Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | - Mohammad H Khayyat
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Seyed A Emami
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Traditional Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Shul′ts EE, Mironov ME, Kharitonov YV. Furanoditerpenoids of the Labdane Series: Occurrence in Plants, Total Synthesis, Several Transformations, and Biological Activity. Chem Nat Compd 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s10600-014-0861-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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7
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α-Glucosidase Inhibitory Compounds of Lycopus lucidus var. hirtus. Chem Nat Compd 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s10600-014-0903-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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8
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Hwang SL, Jeong YT, Hye Yang J, Li X, Lu Y, Son JK, Chang HW. Pinusolide improves high glucose-induced insulin resistance via activation of AMP-activated protein kinase. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2013; 437:374-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2013.06.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2013] [Accepted: 06/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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9
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Jin Y, Yang HO, Son JK, Chang HW. Pinusolide Isolated from Biota orientalis Inhibits 5-Lipoxygenase Dependent Leukotriene C 4 Generation by Blocking c-Jun N-Terminal Kinase Pathway in Mast Cells. Biol Pharm Bull 2012; 35:1374-8. [DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b12-00271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ye Jin
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University
| | - Hyun Ok Yang
- Natural Medicine Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology
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10
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Zaugg J, Khom S, Eigenmann D, Baburin I, Hamburger M, Hering S. Identification and characterization of GABA(A) receptor modulatory diterpenes from Biota orientalis that decrease locomotor activity in mice. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2011; 74:1764-1772. [PMID: 21793559 DOI: 10.1021/np200317p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
An ethyl acetate extract of Biota orientalis leaves potentiated GABA-induced control current by 92.6% ± 22.5% when tested at 100 μg/mL in Xenopus laevis oocytes expressing GABA(A) receptors (α₁β₂γ(2S) subtype) in two-microelectrode voltage clamp measurements. HPLC-based activity profiling was used to identify isopimaric acid (4) and sandaracopimaric acid (5) as the compounds largely responsible for the activity. Sandaracopimaradienolal (3) was characterized as a new natural product. Compounds 4 and 5 were investigated for GABA(A) receptor subtype selectivity at the subtypes α₁β₁γ(2S), α₁β₂γ(2S), α₁β₃γ(2S), α₂β₂γ(2S), α₃β₂γ(2S), and α₅β₂γ(2S). Sandaracopimaric acid (5) was significantly more potent than isopimaric acid (4) at the GABA(A) receptor subtypes α₁β₁γ(2S), α₂β₂γ(2S), and α₅β₂γ(2S) (EC₅₀4: 289.5 ± 82.0, 364.8 ± 85.0, and 317.0 ± 83.7 μM vs EC₅₀5: 48.1 ± 13.4, 31.2 ± 4.8, and 40.7 ± 14.7 μM). The highest efficiency was reached by 4 and 5 on α₂- and α₃-containing receptor subtypes. In the open field test, ip administration of 5 induced a dose-dependent decrease of locomotor activity in a range of 3 to 30 mg/kg body weight in mice. No significant anxiolytic-like activity was observed in doses between 1 and 30 mg/kg body weight in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janine Zaugg
- Division of Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Basel , Klingelbergstrasse 50, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
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11
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Chae HS, Chin YW. Anti-allergic effect of lambertianic acid fromThuja orientalisin mouse bone marrow-derived mast cells. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2011; 34:250-5. [DOI: 10.3109/08923973.2011.600763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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12
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Silva L, Gomes AC, Rodilla JML. Diterpene Lactones with Labdane, Halimane and Clerodane Frameworks. Nat Prod Commun 2011. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1100600410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The labdane, halimane and clerodane type diterpenoids are compounds that have been isolated in plants of several families. These molecules and their derivatives with a lactone group on the side chain or on the decaline system, have a great interest because of their biological properties as insect antifeedant, antiviral, cytotoxic and trypanocidal. The scope of this review is lactones diterpenoids with labdane, halimane and clerodane frameworks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lúcia Silva
- Department of Chemistry, University of Beira Interior, 6200 – Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Arlindo C. Gomes
- Department of Chemistry, University of Beira Interior, 6200 – Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Jesus M. L. Rodilla
- Department of Chemistry, University of Beira Interior, 6200 – Covilhã, Portugal
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Suppression of adipocyte differentiation by 15-methoxypinusolidic acid through inhibition of PPARγ activity. Arch Pharm Res 2010; 33:1035-41. [DOI: 10.1007/s12272-010-0709-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2010] [Revised: 03/30/2010] [Accepted: 03/30/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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14
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Moon HI. Three diterpenes from Leonurus japonicus
houtt protect primary cultured rat cortical cells from glutamate-induced toxicity. Phytother Res 2010; 24:1256-9. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.3144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Choi Y, Lim SY, Jeong HS, Koo KA, Sung SH, Kim YC. Oligonucleotide microarray analysis of apoptosis induced by 15-methoxypinusolidic acid in microglial BV2 cells. Br J Pharmacol 2009; 157:1053-64. [PMID: 19466985 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2009.00247.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE We conducted a genome wide gene expression analysis to explore the biological aspects of 15-methoxypinusolidic acid (15-MPA) isolated from Biota orientalis and tried to confirm the suitability of 15-MPA as a therapeutic candidate for CNS injuries focusing on microglia. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Murine microglial BV2 cells were treated with 15-MPA, and their transcriptome was analysed by using oligonucleotide microarrays. Genes differentially expressed upon 15-MPA treatment were selected for RT-PCR (reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction) analysis to confirm the gene expression. Inhibition of cell proliferation and induction of apoptosis by 15-MPA were examined by bromodeoxyuridine assay, Western blot analysis of poly-ADP-ribose polymerase and flow cytometry. KEY RESULTS A total of 514 genes were differentially expressed by 15-MPA treatment. Biological pathway analysis revealed that 15-MPA induced significant changes in expression of genes in the cell cycle pathway. Genes involved in growth arrest and DNA damage [gadd45alpha, gadd45gamma and ddit3 (DNA damage-inducible transcript 3)] and cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor (cdkn2b) were up-regulated, whereas genes involved in cell cycle progression (ccnd1, ccnd3 and ccne1), DNA replication (mcm4, orc1l and cdc6) and cell proliferation (fos and jun) were down-regulated. RT-PCR analysis for representative genes confirmed the expression levels. 15-MPA significantly reduced bromodeoxyuridine incorporation, increased poly-ADP-ribose polymerase cleavage and the number of apoptotic cells, indicating that 15-MPA induces apoptosis in BV2 cells. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS 15-MPA induced apoptosis in murine microglial cells, presumably via inhibition of the cell cycle progression. As microglial activation is detrimental in CNS injuries, these data suggest a strong therapeutic potential of 15-MPA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Choi
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea
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Lee MK, Yang H, Yoon JS, Jeong EJ, Kim DY, Ha NR, Sung SH, Kim YC. Antifibrotic activity of diterpenes from Biota orientalis leaves on hepatic stellate cells. Arch Pharm Res 2008; 31:866-71. [PMID: 18704328 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-001-1239-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2007] [Revised: 10/24/2007] [Accepted: 02/06/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Antifibrotic effect of twelve diterpenes (1-12) from the 90% methanolic fraction of Biota orientalis leaves was evaluated employing HSC-T6 cells by assessing cell proliferation and morphological change. Among these diterpenes, totarol (8) and isopimara-8(14),15-dien-19-oic acid (9) dramatically reduced cell proliferation in dose-and time-dependent manner. Furthermore, treatment with these compounds resulted in the different pattern of morphological changes of HSC-T6 cells. Taken together, antiproliferative activity of diterpenes from B. orientalis might suggest therapeutic potentials against liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Kyeong Lee
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
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Choi Y, Moon A, Kim YC. A pinusolide derivative, 15-methoxypinusolidic acid from Biota orientalis inhibits inducible nitric oxide synthase in microglial cells: Implication for a potential anti-inflammatory effect. Int Immunopharmacol 2008; 8:548-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2007.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2007] [Revised: 12/04/2007] [Accepted: 12/18/2007] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Seca AML, Pinto DCGA, Silva AMS. Structural Elucidation of Pimarane and Isopimarane Diterpenoids: The 13C NMR Contribution. Nat Prod Commun 2008. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x0800300317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
13C NMR spectroscopy is actually one of the first tools used for the structural elucidation of natural and synthetic compounds and it is also used in biosynthetic studies. The aim of this review is to present the 13C NMR assignments of a large number of pimarane diterpenoids, describing the most significant effects caused by different substitution patterns and different stereochemistry at their chiral centers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana M. L. Seca
- Department of Technologic Sciences and Development, University of Azores, Rua Mãe de Deus, 9501-801 Ponta Delgada, Azores, Portugal
| | - Diana C. G. A. Pinto
- Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Artur M. S. Silva
- Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
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Yoon JS, Sung SH, Kim YC. Neuroprotective limonoids of root bark of Dictamnus dasycarpus. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2008; 71:208-211. [PMID: 18198838 DOI: 10.1021/np070588o] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
A methanolic extract of Dictamnus dasycarpus root bark afforded four new degraded limonoids, 9alpha-hydroxyfraxinellone-9- O-beta- d-glucoside ( 1), dictamnusine ( 2), dictamdiol A ( 3), and dictamdiol B ( 4), together with eight known compounds, dictamdiol ( 5), fraxinellone ( 6), fraxinellonone ( 7), 9beta-hydroxyfraxinellone ( 8), calodendrolide ( 9), obacunone ( 10), limonin ( 11), and rutaevin ( 12). Compounds, 2, 3, 6, 9, 10, and 11 showed significant neuroprotective activity against glutamate-induced neurotoxicity in primary cultures of rat cortical cells at a concentration of 0.1 microM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong Seon Yoon
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Seoul National University, San 56-1, Sillim-Dong, Gwanak-Gu, Seoul 151-742, Korea
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20
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Koo KA, Lee MK, Kim SH, Jeong EJ, Kim SY, Oh TH, Kim YC. Pinusolide and 15-methoxypinusolidic acid attenuate the neurotoxic effect of staurosporine in primary cultures of rat cortical cells. Br J Pharmacol 2007; 150:65-71. [PMID: 17143305 PMCID: PMC2013848 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjp.0706944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2006] [Revised: 08/24/2006] [Accepted: 09/20/2006] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Apoptosis is a fundamental process required for neuronal development but also occurs in most of the common neurodegenerative disorders. In an attempt to obtain an anti-apoptotic neuroprotective compound from natural products, we isolated the diterpenoids, pinusolide and 15-MPA, from B. orientalis and investigated their neuroprotective activity against staurosporine (STS) -induced neuronal apoptosis. In addition, we determined the anti-apoptotic mechanism of these compounds in rat cortical cells. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Primary cultures of rat cortical cells injured by STS were used as an in vitro assay system. Cells were pretreated with pinusolide or 15-MPA before exposure to STS. Anti-apoptotic activities were evaluated by the measurement of cytoplasmic condensation and nuclear fragmentation. The levels of cellular peroxide, malondialdehyde (MDA) and [Ca(2+)]i, as well as the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and caspase-3/7, were measured. KEY RESULTS Pinusolide and 15-MPA, at a concentration of 5.0 ìM, reduced the condensed nuclei and rise in [Ca(2+)]i that accompanies apoptosis induced by 100 nM STS. Pinusolide and 15-MPA also protected the cellular activity of SOD, an antioxidative enzyme reduced by STS insult. Furthermore, the overproduction of reactive oxygen species and lipid peroxidation induced by STS was significantly reduced in pinusolide and 15-MPA treated cells. In addition, pinusolide and 15-MPA inhibited STS-induced caspase-3/7 activation. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS These results show that pinusolide and 15-MPA protect neuronal cells from STS-induced apoptosis, probably by preventing the increase in [Ca(2+)]i and cellular oxidation caused by STS, and indicate that they could be used to treat neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- K A Koo
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Seoul National University, San 56-1, Shillim-Dong, Gwanak-Gu, Seoul 151-742, Korea
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Koo KA, Kim SH, Lee MK, Kim YC. 15-Methoxypinusolidic acid from Biota orientalis attenuates glutamate-induced neurotoxicity in primary cultured rat cortical cells. Toxicol In Vitro 2006; 20:936-41. [PMID: 16564156 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2006.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2005] [Revised: 12/29/2005] [Accepted: 02/06/2006] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
15-Methoxypinusolidic acid (15-MPA), a pinusolide derivative isolated from Biota orientalis (Cupressaceae) leaves prevented glutamate-induced excitotoxicity in primary cultured rat cortical cells in vitro. 15-MPA had more selectivity in protecting neurons against N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA)-induced neurotoxicity than that induced by kainic acid (KA). The glutamate-induced increase of intracellular calcium ([Ca2+]i) in cortical cells was effectively reduced by 15-MPA. Moreover, 15-MPA could successfully reduce the subsequent overproduction of nitric oxide (NO) and the level of cellular peroxide, and inhibit glutathione (GSH) depletion and lipid peroxidation induced by glutamate in our cultures. Collectively, these results suggested that 15-MPA attenuated glutamate-induced excitotoxicity via stabilization of [Ca2+]i homeostasis and suppression of oxidative stress possibly through the actions on the NMDA receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung Ah Koo
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Seoul National University, San 56-1, Shillim-Dong, Gwanak-Gu, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea
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22
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Kim SJ, Jeong HJ, Kim BK, Kim NH, Kim JS, Choi KS, Lee HJ, Kang ST, Shin SS, Kim WI, Eom HS, Lee KM, Um JY, Hong SH, Kim HM. Anti-inflammatory effect of jeongshintang through suppression of p38 activation in human astrocytoma, U373MG cells. Exp Mol Pathol 2006; 81:85-91. [PMID: 16698013 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2005.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2005] [Revised: 11/18/2005] [Accepted: 12/01/2005] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Jeongshintang (JST) is a Korean herbal prescription, which has been successfully used for cerebral diseases. However, the anti-inflammatory effect of JST on Alzheimer's disease (AD) is still not fully understood. In this study, we investigated the effects of JST in attenuating the inflammatory response induced by interleukin (IL)-1beta plus beta-amyloid [1-42] fragment (A beta) in the human astrocyte cell line, U373MG. The production of IL-6, IL-8, and prostaglandin (PG)E2 was significantly increased by IL-1beta plus A beta (1-42) in a time-dependent manner (P < 0.05). JST significantly inhibited the IL-1beta plus A beta (1-42)-induced IL-6, IL-8, and PGE2 production at 24 h (P < 0.05). Maximal inhibition rate of IL-6, IL-8, and PGE2 production by JST was about 54.40%, 56.01%, and 44.06% respectively. JST (0.01-1 mg/ml) also attenuated the expression of cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 and activation of p38 MAPK induced by IL-1beta and A beta (1-42). These results demonstrated that JST has an anti-inflammatory effect, which might explain its beneficial effect in the treatment of various neurodegenerative diseases such as AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- S J Kim
- College of Oriental Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 1 Hoegi-Dong, Dongdaemun-Gu, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea
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Zhang ZJ. Therapeutic effects of herbal extracts and constituents in animal models of psychiatric disorders. Life Sci 2004; 75:1659-99. [PMID: 15268969 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2004.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 210] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2003] [Accepted: 04/07/2004] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
A search for novel pharmacotherapy from medicinal plants for psychiatric illnesses has progressed significantly in the past decade. This is reflected in the large number of herbal preparations for which psychotherapeutic potential has been evaluated in a variety of animal models. The objective of this review is to provide an overview of herbal extracts and constituents that have significant therapeutic effects in animal models of psychiatric illnesses. Eighty five individual herbs reviewed were classified as anxiolytic, antidepressant, neuroleptic, antidementia, or anti-substance abuse herbs. The full scientific name of each herb, herbal part used, active constituent, extract, dose range and route, animal model, possible mechanisms of action, and pertinent references are presented via synoptic tables. The herbal mixtures were also mentioned. A considerable number of herbal constituents whose behavioral effects and pharmacological actions have been well characterized may be good candidates for further investigations that may ultimately result in clinical use. The investigation of a large portion of the herbal extracts and herbal mixtures is in its infancy. Herbal remedies that have demonstrable psychotherapeutic activities have provided a potential to psychiatric pharmaceuticals and deserve increased attention in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhang-Jin Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA.
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Zhu JX, Wang Y, Kong LD, Yang C, Zhang X. Effects of Biota orientalis extract and its flavonoid constituents, quercetin and rutin on serum uric acid levels in oxonate-induced mice and xanthine dehydrogenase and xanthine oxidase activities in mouse liver. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2004; 93:133-140. [PMID: 15182918 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2004.03.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2003] [Revised: 02/17/2004] [Accepted: 03/26/2004] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The hypouricemic actions of Biota orientalis (BO) extract and its flavonoid constituents quercetin and rutin, were in vivo examined using oxonate-induced hyperuricemic mice. Quercetin and rutin, when administered three times orally to the oxonate-induced hyperuricemic mice, were able to elicit dose-dependent hypouricemic effects. The effects of quercetin and rutin were more potent than that of Biota orientalis extract at the same dose of 100 mg/kg. At doses of 50 mg/kg of quercetin or above, or at doses of 100 mg/kg of rutin or above, the serum urate levels of the oxonate-pretreated mice were not different from normal mice. In addition, Biota orientalis extract, quercetin and rutin, when tested in vivo on mouse liver homogenates, elicited significant inhibitory actions on the xanthine dehydrogenase/xanthine oxidase (XDH/XO) activities. The effects of quercetin and rutin resulted less potent than that of allopurinol. However, intraperitoneal administration at the same scheme did not produce any observable hypouricemic effect. These hypouricemic effects are partly due to the inhibition of XDH/XO activities in mouse liver. The pharmacological profile of the flavonoids is partly different from that of allopurinol. Such hypouricemic action and inhibition of the enzyme activity of quercetin and rutin may be responsible for a part of the beneficial effects of Biota orientalis extract on hyperuricemia and gout. The effects of quercetin and rutin on serum urate levels in hyperuricemic mice induced by oxonate and the inhibition of enzyme activities in mouse liver are discussed in relation to their absorption and metabolism, and their potential application to treat gout and hyperuricemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Xiao Zhu
- Institute of Functional Biomolecule, State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, PR China
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Chien SC, Liu HK, Kuo YH. Two New Compounds from the Leaves of Calocedrus microlepic var. formosana. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2004; 52:762-3. [PMID: 15187403 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.52.762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Two new compounds, 15-methoxypinusolidic acid (1) and isonerylgeraniol-18-oic acid (2) together with four knowns taiwaniaflavone (3), nerylgeraniol-18-oic acid (4), 3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-1-propanol (5), and amentoflavone (6) are isolated from the leaves of Calocedrus microlepic var. formosana. Compounds 1 and 2 were elucidated as labdane diterpene and linear diterpene, respectively, through spectral studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Chang Chien
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan 106, ROC
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