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Prasher P, Sharma M, Agarwal V, Singh SK, Gupta G, Dureja H, Dua K. Cationic cycloamylose based nucleic acid nanocarriers. Chem Biol Interact 2024; 395:111000. [PMID: 38614318 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2024.111000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2023] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024]
Abstract
Nucleic acid delivery by viral and non-viral methods has been a cornerstone for the contemporary gene therapy aimed at correcting the defective genes, replacing of the missing genes, or downregulating the expression of anomalous genes is highly desirable for the management of various diseases. Ostensibly, it becomes paramount for the delivery vectors to intersect the biological barriers for accessing their destined site within the cellular environment. However, the lipophilic nature of biological membranes and their potential to limit the entry of large sized, charged, hydrophilic molecules thus presenting a sizeable challenge for the cellular integration of negatively charged nucleic acids. Furthermore, the susceptibility of nucleic acids towards the degrading enzymes (nucleases) in the lysosomes present in cytoplasm is another matter of concern for their cellular and nuclear delivery. Hence, there is a pressing need for the identification and development of cationic delivery systems which encapsulate the cargo nucleic acids where the charge facilitates their cellular entry by evading the membrane barriers, and the encapsulation shields them from the enzymatic attack in cytoplasm. Cycloamylose bearing a closed loop conformation presents a robust candidature in this regard owing to its remarkable encapsulating tendency towards nucleic acids including siRNA, CpG DNA, and siRNA. The presence of numerous hydroxyl groups on the cycloamylose periphery provides sites for its chemical modification for the introduction of cationic groups, including spermine, (3-Chloro-2 hydroxypropyl) trimethylammonium chloride (Q188), and diethyl aminoethane (DEAE). The resulting cationic cycloamylose possesses a remarkable transfection efficiency and provides stability to cargo oligonucleotides against endonucleases, in addition to modulating the undesirable side effects such as unwanted immune stimulation. Cycloamylose is known to interact with the cell membranes where they release certain membrane components such as phospholipids and cholesterol thereby resulting in membrane destabilization and permeabilization. Furthermore, cycloamylose derivatives also serve as formulation excipients for improving the efficiency of other gene delivery systems. This review delves into the various vector and non-vector-based gene delivery systems, their advantages, and limitations, eventually leading to the identification of cycloamylose as an ideal candidate for nucleic acid delivery. The synthesis of cationic cycloamylose is briefly discussed in each section followed by its application for specific delivery/transfection of a particular nucleic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parteek Prasher
- Department of Chemistry, University of Petroleum & Energy Studies, Energy Acres, Dehradun, 248007, India.
| | - Mousmee Sharma
- Department of Chemistry, Uttaranchal University, Dehradun, 248007, India
| | - Vipul Agarwal
- Cluster for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD), School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Sachin Kumar Singh
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, 144411, India; Faculty of Health, Australian Research Center in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia; School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, 47500 Sunway City, Malaysia
| | - Gaurav Gupta
- School of Pharmacy, Graphic Era Hill University, Dehradun, 248007, India; Centre of Medical and Bio-allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, Ajman 346, United Arab Emirates
| | - Harish Dureja
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Maharishi Dayanand University, Rohtak, 124001, India
| | - Kamal Dua
- Faculty of Health, Australian Research Center in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia; Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia.
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A GH57 4-α-glucanotransferase of hyperthermophilic origin with potential for alkyl glycoside production. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2015; 99:7101-13. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-015-6435-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2014] [Revised: 01/23/2015] [Accepted: 01/24/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Mba M, Jiménez AI, Moretto A. Templating the self-assembly of pristine carbon nanostructures in water. Chemistry 2014; 20:3888-93. [PMID: 24644105 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201304912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The low solubility of carbon nanostructures (CNs) in water and the need of ordered architectures at the nanoscale level are two major challenges for materials chemistry. Here we report that a novel amino acid based low-molecular-weight gelator (LMWG) can be used to effectively disperse pristine CNs in water and to drive their ordered self-assembly into supramolecular hydrogels. A non-covalent mechanochemical approach has been used, so the π-extended system of the CNs remains intact. Optical spectroscopy and electron microscopy confirmed the effective dispersion of the CNs in water. Electron microscopy of the hydrogels showed the formation of an ordered, LMWG-assisted, self-assembled architecture. Moreover, the very same strategy allows the solubilization and self-assembly in water of a variety of hydrophobic molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Mba
- Department of Chemistry, University of Padova via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova (Italy).
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Abstract
The low or lack of solubility of fullerenes, carbon nanotubes and graphene/graphite in organic solvents and water severely hampers the study of their chemical functionalizations and practical applications. Covalent and noncovalent functionalizations of fullerenes and related materials via mechanochemistry seem appealing to tackle these problems. In this review article, we provide a comprehensive coverage on the mechanochemical reactions of fullerenes, carbon nanotubes and graphite, including dimerizations and trimerizations, nucleophilic additions, 1,3-dipolar cycloadditions, Diels-Alder reactions, [2 + 1] cycloadditions of carbenes and nitrenes, radical additions, oxidations, etc. It is intriguing to find that some reactions of fullerenes can only proceed under solvent-free conditions or undergo different reaction pathways from those of the liquid-phase counterparts to generate completely different products. We also present the application of the mechanical milling technique to complex formation, nanocomposite formation and enhanced hydrogen storage of carbon-related materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- San-E Zhu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, and Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P. R. China.
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Ling I, Alias Y, Raston CL. p-Sulfonatocalix[4]arene and imidazolium zwitterion stabilised nano-arrays of fullerene C60 and C70. NEW J CHEM 2011. [DOI: 10.1039/c1nj20138g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Preparing samples for fullerene C60 hazard tests: Stable dispersion of fullerene crystals in water using a bead mill. ADV POWDER TECHNOL 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apt.2009.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Fukami T, Ishii T, Io T, Suzuki N, Suzuki T, Yamamoto K, Xu J, Ramamoorthy A, Tomono K. Nanoparticle Processing in the Solid State Dramatically Increases the Cell Membrane Permeation of a Cholesterol-Lowering Drug, Probucol. Mol Pharm 2009; 6:1029-35. [DOI: 10.1021/mp9000487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Toshiro Fukami
- College of Pharmacy, Nihon University, Chiba 274-8555, Japan, and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Biophysics and Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109
| | - Tatsuya Ishii
- College of Pharmacy, Nihon University, Chiba 274-8555, Japan, and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Biophysics and Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109
| | - Takeshi Io
- College of Pharmacy, Nihon University, Chiba 274-8555, Japan, and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Biophysics and Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109
| | - Naoto Suzuki
- College of Pharmacy, Nihon University, Chiba 274-8555, Japan, and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Biophysics and Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109
| | - Toyofumi Suzuki
- College of Pharmacy, Nihon University, Chiba 274-8555, Japan, and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Biophysics and Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109
| | - Kazutoshi Yamamoto
- College of Pharmacy, Nihon University, Chiba 274-8555, Japan, and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Biophysics and Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109
| | - Jiadi Xu
- College of Pharmacy, Nihon University, Chiba 274-8555, Japan, and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Biophysics and Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109
| | - Ayyalusamy Ramamoorthy
- College of Pharmacy, Nihon University, Chiba 274-8555, Japan, and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Biophysics and Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109
| | - Kazuo Tomono
- College of Pharmacy, Nihon University, Chiba 274-8555, Japan, and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Biophysics and Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109
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Iyer KS, Raston CL, Saunders M. Hierarchical aqueous self-assembly of C60 nano-whiskers and C60-silver nano-hybrids under continuous flow. LAB ON A CHIP 2007; 7:1121-4. [PMID: 17713609 DOI: 10.1039/b707037c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
The ubiquitous starch-iodine complex can be used to organize hydrophobic fullerene C(60) in water into nano-whiskers shrouded by the biopolymer, and are approximately 5-8 nm in cross section, and 250-350 nm in length, as a hierarchical self assembly process. The preformed starch-iodine complex reacts with solid pristine C(60) affording nano-whiskers with iodine surrounding the fullerene array, the iodine then being removed on treatment with ascorbic acid. The hydrophobic surface of the nano-whiskers of C(60) can be coated with silver metal in a controlled way using 'soft energy' spinning disc processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Swaminathan Iyer
- Centre for Strategic Nano-fabrication, School of Biomedical, Biomolecular and Chemical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
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Isolation, Purification and Characterization of Large-Ring Cyclodextrins (CD36∼ ∼CD39). J INCL PHENOM MACRO 2006. [DOI: 10.1007/s10847-006-9055-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Improvement in Solubility of Poorly Water Soluble Drug by Cogrinding with Highly Branched Cyclic Dextrin. J INCL PHENOM MACRO 2006. [DOI: 10.1007/s10847-006-9061-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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