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Wang Q, Guo F, Wang J, Lei X. Divergent total syntheses of ITHQ-type bis-β-carboline alkaloids by regio-selective formal aza-[4 + 2] cycloaddition and late-stage C-H functionalization. Chem Sci 2023; 14:10353-10359. [PMID: 37772099 PMCID: PMC10530148 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc03722c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023] Open
Abstract
We herein report the first total syntheses of several bis-β-carboline alkaloids, picrasidines G, S, R, and T, and natural product-like derivatives in a divergent manner. Picrasidines G, S, and T feature an indolotetrahydroquinolizinium (ITHQ) skeleton, while picrasidine R possesses a 1,4-diketone linker between two β-carboline fragments. The synthesis of ITHQ-type bis-β-carboline alkaloids could be directly achieved by a late-stage regio-selective aza-[4 + 2] cycloaddition of vinyl β-carboline alkaloids, suggesting that this remarkable aza-[4 + 2] cycloaddition might be involved in the biosynthetic pathway. Computational studies revealed that such aza-[4 + 2] cycloaddition is a stepwise process and explained the unique regioselectivity (ΔΔG = 3.77 kcal mol-1). Moreover, the successful application of iridium-catalyzed C-H borylation on β-carboline substrates enabled the site-selective C-8 functionalization for efficient synthesis and structural diversification of this family of natural products. Finally, concise synthesis of picrasidine R by the thiazolium-catalyzed Stetter reaction was also accomplished.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qixuan Wang
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University Beijing 100871 P. R. China
| | - Fusheng Guo
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Synthetic and Functional Biomolecules Center, Peking University Beijing 100871 P. R. China
| | - Jin Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Synthetic and Functional Biomolecules Center, Peking University Beijing 100871 P. R. China
| | - Xiaoguang Lei
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University Beijing 100871 P. R. China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Synthetic and Functional Biomolecules Center, Peking University Beijing 100871 P. R. China
- Institute for Cancer Research, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory Shenzhen 518107 P. R. China
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Alves FDM, Bellei JCB, Barbosa CDS, Duarte CL, da Fonseca AL, Pinto ACDS, Raimundo FO, Carpinter BA, Lemos ASDO, Coimbra ES, Taranto AG, Rocha VN, de Pilla Varotti F, Ribeiro Viana GH, Scopel KKG. Rational-Based Discovery of Novel β-Carboline Derivatives as Potential Antimalarials: From In Silico Identification of Novel Targets to Inhibition of Experimental Cerebral Malaria. Pathogens 2022; 11:pathogens11121529. [PMID: 36558863 PMCID: PMC9781199 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11121529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Malaria is an infectious disease widespread in underdeveloped tropical regions. The most severe form of infection is caused by Plasmodium falciparum, which can lead to development of cerebral malaria (CM) and is responsible for deaths and significant neurocognitive sequelae throughout life. In this context and considering the emergence and spread of drug-resistant P. falciparum isolates, the search for new antimalarial candidates becomes urgent. β-carbolines alkaloids are good candidates since a wide range of biological activity for these compounds has been reported. Herein, we designed 20 chemical entities and performed an in silico virtual screening against a pool of P. falciparum molecular targets, the Brazilian Malaria Molecular Targets (BRAMMT). Seven structures showed potential to interact with PfFNR, PfPK7, PfGrx1, and PfATP6, being synthesized and evaluated for in vitro antiplasmodial activity. Among them, compounds 3−6 and 10 inhibited the growth of the W2 strain at µM concentrations, with low cytotoxicity against the human cell line. In silico physicochemical and pharmacokinetic properties were found to be favorable for oral administration. The compound 10 provided the best results against CM, with important values of parasite growth inhibition on the 5th day post-infection for both curative (67.9%) and suppressive (82%) assays. Furthermore, this compound was able to elongate mice survival and protect them against the development of the experimental model of CM (>65%). Compound 10 also induced reduction of the NO level, possibly by interaction with iNOS. Therefore, this alkaloid showed promising activity for the treatment of malaria and was able to prevent the development of experimental cerebral malaria (ECM), probably by reducing NO synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda de Moura Alves
- Research Center on Biological Chemistry (NQBio), Federal University of São João Del Rei, Divinópolis 35501-296, Brazil
| | - Jessica Correa Bezerra Bellei
- Research Center Parasitology, Departament of Parasitology, Microbiology and Immunology, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora 36036-900, Brazil
| | - Camila de Souza Barbosa
- Research Center on Biological Chemistry (NQBio), Federal University of São João Del Rei, Divinópolis 35501-296, Brazil
| | - Caíque Lopes Duarte
- Research Center on Biological Chemistry (NQBio), Federal University of São João Del Rei, Divinópolis 35501-296, Brazil
| | - Amanda Luisa da Fonseca
- Research Center on Biological Chemistry (NQBio), Federal University of São João Del Rei, Divinópolis 35501-296, Brazil
| | - Ana Claudia de Souza Pinto
- Research Center on Biological Chemistry (NQBio), Federal University of São João Del Rei, Divinópolis 35501-296, Brazil
| | - Felipe Oliveira Raimundo
- Research Center Parasitology, Departament of Parasitology, Microbiology and Immunology, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora 36036-900, Brazil
| | - Bárbara Albuquerque Carpinter
- Research Center Parasitology, Departament of Parasitology, Microbiology and Immunology, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora 36036-900, Brazil
| | - Ari Sérgio de Oliveira Lemos
- Research Center Parasitology, Departament of Parasitology, Microbiology and Immunology, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora 36036-900, Brazil
| | - Elaine Soares Coimbra
- Research Center Parasitology, Departament of Parasitology, Microbiology and Immunology, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora 36036-900, Brazil
| | - Alex Gutterres Taranto
- Research Center on Biological Chemistry (NQBio), Federal University of São João Del Rei, Divinópolis 35501-296, Brazil
| | - Vinícius Novaes Rocha
- Research Center of Pathology and Veterinary Histology, Departament of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora 36036-900, Brazil
| | - Fernando de Pilla Varotti
- Research Center on Biological Chemistry (NQBio), Federal University of São João Del Rei, Divinópolis 35501-296, Brazil
- Correspondence: (F.d.P.V.); (K.K.G.S.)
| | | | - Kézia K. G. Scopel
- Research Center Parasitology, Departament of Parasitology, Microbiology and Immunology, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora 36036-900, Brazil
- Correspondence: (F.d.P.V.); (K.K.G.S.)
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Heravi MM, Abedian‐Dehaghani N, Zadsirjan V, Rangraz Y. Catalytic Function of Cu (I) and Cu (II) in Total Synthesis of Alkaloids. ChemistrySelect 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202101130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Majid M. Heravi
- Department of Chemistry School of Physics and Chemistry Alzahra University, PO.Box 1993891176, Vanak Tehran Iran
| | - Neda Abedian‐Dehaghani
- Department of Chemistry School of Physics and Chemistry Alzahra University, PO.Box 1993891176, Vanak Tehran Iran
| | - Vahideh Zadsirjan
- Department of Chemistry School of Physics and Chemistry Alzahra University, PO.Box 1993891176, Vanak Tehran Iran
| | - Yalda Rangraz
- Department of Chemistry School of Physics and Chemistry Alzahra University, PO.Box 1993891176, Vanak Tehran Iran
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Perković I, Raić-Malić S, Fontinha D, Prudêncio M, Pessanha de Carvalho L, Held J, Tandarić T, Vianello R, Zorc B, Rajić Z. Harmicines - harmine and cinnamic acid hybrids as novel antiplasmodial hits. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 187:111927. [PMID: 31812035 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.111927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2019] [Revised: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Harmicines constitute novel hybrid compounds that combine two agents with reported antiplasmodial properties, namely β-carboline harmine and a cinnamic acid derivative (CAD). Cu(I) catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition was employed for the preparation of three classes of hybrid molecules: N-harmicines 6a-i, O-harmicines 7a-i and N,O-bis-harmicines 8a-g,i. In vitro antiplasmodial activities of harmicines against the erythrocytic stage of Plasmodium falciparum (chloroquine-sensitive Pf3D7 and chloroquine-resistant PfDd2 strains) and hepatic stage of P. berghei, as well as cytotoxicity against human liver hepatocellular carcinoma cell line (HepG2), were evaluated. Remarkably, most of the compounds exerted significant activities against both stages of the Plasmodium life cycle. The conjugation of various CADs to harmine resulted in the increased antiplasmodial activity relative to harmine. In general, O-harmicines 7 exhibited the highest activity against the erythrocytic stage of both P. falciparum strains, whereas N,O-bis harmicines 8 showed the most pronounced activity against P. berghei hepatic stages. For the latter compound, molecular dynamics simulations confirmed binding within the ATP binding site of PfHsp90, while the weaker binders, namely 6b and harmine, were found to be positioned away from this structural element. In addition, decomposition of the computed binding free energies into contributions from individual residues suggested guidelines for further derivatization of harmine towards more efficient compounds. Cytotoxicity screening revealed N-harmicines 6 as the least, and O-harmicines 7 as the most toxic compounds. Harmicines 6g, 8b and 6d exerted the most selective action towards Plasmodium over human cells, respectively. These results establish harmicines as hits for future optimisation and development of novel antiplasmodial agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Perković
- University of Zagreb Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, A. Kovačića 1, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Silvana Raić-Malić
- University of Zagreb Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Marulićev trg 19, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Diana Fontinha
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Egas Moniz, 1649-028, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Miguel Prudêncio
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Egas Moniz, 1649-028, Lisboa, Portugal
| | | | - Jana Held
- University of Tübingen, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Wilhelmstraße 27, 72074, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Tana Tandarić
- Rudjer Bošković Institute, Division of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, 10 000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Robert Vianello
- Rudjer Bošković Institute, Division of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, 10 000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Branka Zorc
- University of Zagreb Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, A. Kovačića 1, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Zrinka Rajić
- University of Zagreb Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, A. Kovačića 1, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia.
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Tougan T, Takahashi K, Ikegami-Kawai M, Horiuchi M, Mori S, Hosoi M, Horii T, Ihara M, Tsubuki M. In vitro and in vivo characterization of anti-malarial acylphenoxazine derivatives prepared from basic blue 3. Malar J 2019; 18:237. [PMID: 31307493 PMCID: PMC6631887 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-019-2873-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 07/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Basic blue 3 is a promising anti-malarial lead compound based on the π-delocalized lipophilic cation hypothesis. Its derivatives with nitrogen atoms bonded to carbon atoms at the 3- and 7-positions on the phenoxazine ring were previously shown to exert potent antiprotozoal activity against Plasmodium falciparum, Trypanosoma cruzi, Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense, and Leishmania donovani parasites in vitro. However, compounds with nitrogen modification at the 10-position on the phenoxazine ring were not evaluated. Methods Six acylphenoxazine derivatives (ITT-001 to 006) with nitrogen modification at the 10-position on the phenoxazine ring, which were synthesized from basic blue 3, were characterized and evaluated for anti-malarial activity in vitro with an automated haematology analyzer (XN-30) and light microscopy. Intensity of self-fluorescence was measured using a fluorometer. Localization of basic blue 3 was observed by fluorescence microscopy. Cytotoxicity was evaluated using human cell lines, HEK293T and HepG2 cells. Finally, anti-malarial activity was evaluated in a rodent malaria model. Results All the six derivatives showed anti-malarial efficacy even against chloroquine-, pyrimethamine-, and artemisinin-resistant field isolates similar to the sensitive strains and isolates in vitro. The efficacy of basic blue 3 was the strongest, followed by that of ITT-001 to 004 and 006, while that of ITT-005 was the weakest. Basic blue 3 showed strong self-fluorescence, whereas ITT derivatives had five- to tenfold lower intensity than that of basic blue 3, which was shown by fluorescence microscopy to be selectively accumulated in the plasmodial cytoplasm. In contrast, ITT-003, 004, and 006 exhibited the lowest cytotoxicity in HEK293T and HepG2 cells in vitro and the highest selectivity between anti-malarial activity and cytotoxicity. The in vivo anti-malarial assay indicated that oral administration of ITT-004 was the most effective against the rodent malaria parasite, Plasmodium berghei NK65 strain. Conclusions The six ITT derivatives were effective against chloroquine- and pyrimethamine-resistant strains and artemisinin-resistant field isolates as well as the sensitive ones. Among them, ITT-004, which had high anti-malarial activity and low cytotoxicity in vitro and in vivo, is a promising anti-malarial lead compound. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12936-019-2873-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Tougan
- Department of Molecular Protozoology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, 3-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
| | - Kazunori Takahashi
- Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, Hoshi University, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa, Tokyo, 142-8501, Japan
| | - Mayumi Ikegami-Kawai
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hoshi University, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa, Tokyo, 142-8501, Japan
| | - Masako Horiuchi
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hoshi University, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa, Tokyo, 142-8501, Japan
| | - Shiho Mori
- Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, Hoshi University, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa, Tokyo, 142-8501, Japan
| | - Maiko Hosoi
- Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, Hoshi University, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa, Tokyo, 142-8501, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Horii
- Department of Molecular Protozoology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, 3-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Masataka Ihara
- Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, Hoshi University, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa, Tokyo, 142-8501, Japan
| | - Masayoshi Tsubuki
- Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, Hoshi University, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa, Tokyo, 142-8501, Japan
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Szabó T, Hazai V, Volk B, Simig G, Milen M. First total synthesis of the β-carboline alkaloids trigonostemine A, trigonostemine B and a new synthesis of pityriacitrin and hyrtiosulawesine. Tetrahedron Lett 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2019.04.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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Reddy POV, Shekar KPC, Khandagale SB, Hara D, Son A, Ito T, Tanabe K, Kumar D. Easy Access to Water-Soluble Cationic Porphyrin- β
-Carboline Conjugates as Potent Photocytotoxic and DNA Cleaving Agents. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.201800649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - K. P. Chandra Shekar
- Department of Chemistry; Birla Institute of Technology and Science; Pilani- 333031 Rajasthan India
| | - Santosh B. Khandagale
- Department of Chemistry; Birla Institute of Technology and Science; Pilani- 333031 Rajasthan India
| | - Daiki Hara
- Department of Energy and Hydrocarbon Chemistry; Kyoto University; Kyoto 615-8510 Japan
| | - Aoi Son
- Department of Energy and Hydrocarbon Chemistry; Kyoto University; Kyoto 615-8510 Japan
| | - Takeo Ito
- Department of Energy and Hydrocarbon Chemistry; Kyoto University; Kyoto 615-8510 Japan
| | - Kazuhito Tanabe
- College of Science and Engineering; Aoyama Gakuin University; Sagamihara 252-5258 Japan
| | - Dalip Kumar
- Department of Chemistry; Birla Institute of Technology and Science; Pilani- 333031 Rajasthan India
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9
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Beus M, Rajić Z, Maysinger D, Mlinarić Z, Antunović M, Marijanović I, Fontinha D, Prudêncio M, Held J, Olgen S, Zorc B. SAHAquines, Novel Hybrids Based on SAHA and Primaquine Motifs, as Potential Cytostatic and Antiplasmodial Agents. ChemistryOpen 2018; 7:624-638. [PMID: 30151334 PMCID: PMC6104433 DOI: 10.1002/open.201800117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
We report the synthesis of SAHAquines and related primaquine (PQ) derivatives. SAHAquines are novel hybrid compounds that combine moieties of suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA), an anticancer agent with weak antiplasmodial activity, and PQ, an antimalarial drug with low antiproliferative activity. The preparation of SAHAquines is simple, cheap, and high yielding. It includes the following steps: coupling reaction between primaquine and a dicarboxylic acid monoester, hydrolysis, a new coupling reaction with O-protected hydroxylamine, and deprotection. SAHAquines 5 a-d showed significant reduction in cell viability. Among the three human cancer cell lines (U2OS, HepG2, and MCF-7), the most responsive were the MCF-7 cells. The antibodies against acetylated histone H3K9/H3K14 in MCF-7 cells revealed a significant enhancement following treatment with N-hydroxy-N'-{4-[(6-methoxyquinolin-8-yl)amino]pentyl}pentanediamide (5 b). Ethyl (2E)-3-({4-[(6-methoxyquinolin-8-yl)amino]pentyl}carbamoyl)prop-2-enoate (2 b) and SAHAquines were the most active compounds against both the hepatic and erythrocytic stages of Plasmodium parasites, some of them at sub-micromolar concentrations. The results of our research suggest that SAHAquines are promising leads for new anticancer and antimalarial agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maja Beus
- Faculty of Pharmacy and BiochemistryUniversity of ZagrebA. Kovačića 110 000ZagrebCroatia
| | - Zrinka Rajić
- Faculty of Pharmacy and BiochemistryUniversity of ZagrebA. Kovačića 110 000ZagrebCroatia
| | - Dusica Maysinger
- Department of Pharmacology and TherapeuticsMcGill University23655 Promenade Sir-William-Osler, McIntyre Medical Sciences BuildingMontrealQuebecH3G 1Y6Canada
| | - Zvonimir Mlinarić
- Faculty of Pharmacy and BiochemistryUniversity of ZagrebA. Kovačića 110 000ZagrebCroatia
| | - Maja Antunović
- Faculty of ScienceUniversity of ZagrebHorvatovac 102A10 000ZagrebCroatia
| | - Inga Marijanović
- Faculty of ScienceUniversity of ZagrebHorvatovac 102A10 000ZagrebCroatia
| | - Diana Fontinha
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de MedicinaUniversidade de LisboaAv. Prof. Egas Moniz1649-028LisboaPortugal
| | - Miguel Prudêncio
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de MedicinaUniversidade de LisboaAv. Prof. Egas Moniz1649-028LisboaPortugal
| | - Jana Held
- Institute of Tropical MedicineUniversity of TübingenWilhelmstraße 2772074TübingenGermany
| | - Sureyya Olgen
- Faculty of PharmacyBiruni University10th street No: 4534010 TopkapiIstanbulTurkey
| | - Branka Zorc
- Faculty of Pharmacy and BiochemistryUniversity of ZagrebA. Kovačića 110 000ZagrebCroatia
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Devi N, Kumar S, Pandey SK, Singh V. 1(3)-Formyl-β-carbolines: Potential Aldo-X Precursors for the Synthesis of β-Carboline-Based Molecular Architectures. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.201700477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nisha Devi
- Department of Chemistry; Dr B. R. Ambedkar National Institute of Technology, Jalandhar (NITJ); 144011 Punjab India
| | - Sunit Kumar
- Department of Chemistry; Dr B. R. Ambedkar National Institute of Technology, Jalandhar (NITJ); 144011 Punjab India
| | | | - Virender Singh
- Department of Chemistry; Dr B. R. Ambedkar National Institute of Technology, Jalandhar (NITJ); 144011 Punjab India
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Delport A, Harvey BH, Petzer A, Petzer JP. Methylene blue and its analogues as antidepressant compounds. Metab Brain Dis 2017; 32:1357-1382. [PMID: 28762173 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-017-0081-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Accepted: 07/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Methylene Blue (MB) is considered to have diverse medical applications and is a well-described treatment for methemoglobinemias and ifosfamide-induced encephalopathy. In recent years the focus has shifted to MB as an antimalarial agent and as a potential treatment for neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease. Of interest are reports that MB possesses antidepressant and anxiolytic activity in pre-clinical models and has shown promise in clinical trials for schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. MB is a noteworthy inhibitor of monoamine oxidase A (MAO-A), which is a well-established target for antidepressant action. MB is also recognized as a non-selective inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) and guanylate cyclase. Dysfunction of the nitric oxide (NO)-cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) cascade is strongly linked to the neurobiology of mood, anxiety and psychosis, while the inhibition of NOS and/or guanylate cyclase has been associated with an antidepressant response. This action of MB may contribute significantly to its psychotropic activity. However, these disorders are also characterised by mitochondrial dysfunction and redox imbalance. By acting as an alternative electron acceptor/donor MB restores mitochondrial function, improves neuronal energy production and inhibits the formation of superoxide, effects that also may contribute to its therapeutic activity. Using MB in depression co-morbid with neurodegenerative disorders, like Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease, also represents a particularly relevant strategy. By considering their physicochemical and pharmacokinetic properties, analogues of MB may provide therapeutic potential as novel multi-target strategies in the treatment of depression. In addition, low MAO-A active analogues may provide equal or improved response with a lower risk of adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anzelle Delport
- Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom, 2520, South Africa
- Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom, 2520, South Africa
| | - Brian H Harvey
- Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom, 2520, South Africa
- Division of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom, 2520, South Africa
| | - Anél Petzer
- Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom, 2520, South Africa
- Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom, 2520, South Africa
| | - Jacobus P Petzer
- Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom, 2520, South Africa.
- Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom, 2520, South Africa.
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Dighe SU, Samanta SK, Kolle S, Batra S. Iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction using terminal alkyne as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines and fused-nitrogen heterocycles. Tetrahedron 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2017.03.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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13
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Kardashinsky M, Lengkeek N, Rendina LM. Synthesis and stability studies of Ga-67 labeled phosphonium salts. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2016; 60:4-11. [DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.3448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2016] [Accepted: 08/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Nigel Lengkeek
- ANSTO Life Sciences, Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation; NSW 2232 Australia
| | - Louis M. Rendina
- School of Chemistry; The University of Sydney; Sydney NSW 2006 Australia
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Dai J, Li N, Wang J, Schneider U. Fruitful Decades for Canthin-6-ones from 1952 to 2015: Biosynthesis, Chemistry, and Biological Activities. Molecules 2016; 21:493. [PMID: 27092482 PMCID: PMC6274392 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21040493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2016] [Revised: 04/03/2016] [Accepted: 04/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In this review, more than 60 natural canthin-6-one alkaloids and their structures are considered. The biosynthesis, efficient and classic synthetic approaches, and biological activities of canthin-6-one alkaloids, from 1952 to 2015, are discussed. From an analysis of their structural properties and an investigation of the literature, possible future trends for canthin-6-one alkaloids are proposed. The information reported will be helpful in future research on canthin-6-one alkaloids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangkun Dai
- College of Science, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Na Li
- College of Science, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Junru Wang
- College of Science, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Uwe Schneider
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, The University of Edinburgh, The King's Buildings, David Brewster Road, Edinburgh EH9 3FJ, UK.
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Takasu K. π-Delocalized Lipophilic Cations as New Candidates for Antimalarial, Antitrypanosomal and Antileishmanial Agents: Synthesis, Evaluation of Antiprotozoal Potency, and Insight into Their Action Mechanisms. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2016; 64:656-67. [DOI: 10.1248/cpb.c16-00234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kiyosei Takasu
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University
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16
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Durand E, Lecomte J, Villeneuve P. From green chemistry to nature: The versatile role of low transition temperature mixtures. Biochimie 2015; 120:119-23. [PMID: 26391220 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2015.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2015] [Accepted: 09/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
In 1998, the concept of "green chemistry" was established through twelve principles with the aim of improving the eco-efficiency of chemical processes and to judge, whether or not, a chemical process is sustainable. Currently, numerous processes do not obey to most of these principles (large energy usage, formation of waste, usage of hazardous solvents and reagents, etc …), which have forced the scientists to develop and implement new strategies for upcoming researches. One of the most attractive challenges is finding, creating and developing new and green media. Over the last decades, the scientific community has mainly focused on two different classes of solvents (namely, Ionic liquids and Eutectic Solvents). These solvents share advantageous characteristics (low vapor pressure, thermally stable, non-flammable, etc …) making them an attractive option to implement sustainable chemistry and engineering. Mainly due to its environmental and economic features, DES are now growing much more interest. Indeed, although their ecotoxicological profile is still poorly known, DES are classified as "green" solvents because they are composed of molecules which are considered to be eco-friendly. The fast, numerous and broad scope of studies on these new liquids make the literature rather complex to understand. Here, we attempted to establish a succinct history and a presentation of these liquids with emphasis on their role, classification, importance and application in biological systems.
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17
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Fang HW, Liao YR, Hwang TL, Shieh PC, Lee KH, Hung HY, Wu TS. Total synthesis of cordatanine, structural reassignment of drymaritin, and anti-inflammatory activity of synthetic precursors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2015; 25:3822-4. [PMID: 26248804 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2015.07.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2015] [Revised: 07/20/2015] [Accepted: 07/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In this study, cordatanine, with a canthin-6-one skeleton, was totally synthesized in four steps via a Pictet-Spengler reaction using tryptamine and methyl glyoxylate with a total yield of 8%. The NMR spectra of synthesized cordatanine compared well with those of drymaritin isolated by Hsieh et al., confirming the need to revise the original structural assignment. In addition, kumujian A, a synthetic intermediate, showed significant anti-inflammatory effects, inhibiting both superoxide anion generation (IC50 4.87 μg/mL) and elastase release (IC50 6.29 μg/mL).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsin Wei Fang
- School of Pharmacy, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, No. 1 University Road, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ren Liao
- School of Pharmacy, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, No. 1 University Road, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Tsong-Long Hwang
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kweishan 333, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Po-Chuen Shieh
- Department of Pharmacy, Tajen University, Pintung 907, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Hsiung Lee
- Natural Products Research Laboratories, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Chinese Medicine and Development Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Yi Hung
- School of Pharmacy, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, No. 1 University Road, Tainan 701, Taiwan.
| | - Tian-Shung Wu
- School of Pharmacy, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, No. 1 University Road, Tainan 701, Taiwan; Department of Pharmacy, Tajen University, Pintung 907, Taiwan.
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18
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Abarca B, Custodio R, Cuadro AM, Sucunza D, Domingo A, Mendicuti F, Alvarez-Builla J, Vaquero JJ. Efficient Synthesis of an Indoloquinolizinium Alkaloid Selective DNA-Binder by Ring-Closing Metathesis. Org Lett 2014; 16:3464-7. [DOI: 10.1021/ol5013668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Abarca
- Departamento de Química Orgánica y Química Inorgánica, ‡Departamento de
Biología de Sistemas, §Departamento de Química Analítica,
Química Física e Ingeniería Química, Universidad de Alcalá, 28871-Alcalá de Henares,
Madrid, Spain
| | - Raul Custodio
- Departamento de Química Orgánica y Química Inorgánica, ‡Departamento de
Biología de Sistemas, §Departamento de Química Analítica,
Química Física e Ingeniería Química, Universidad de Alcalá, 28871-Alcalá de Henares,
Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana M. Cuadro
- Departamento de Química Orgánica y Química Inorgánica, ‡Departamento de
Biología de Sistemas, §Departamento de Química Analítica,
Química Física e Ingeniería Química, Universidad de Alcalá, 28871-Alcalá de Henares,
Madrid, Spain
| | - David Sucunza
- Departamento de Química Orgánica y Química Inorgánica, ‡Departamento de
Biología de Sistemas, §Departamento de Química Analítica,
Química Física e Ingeniería Química, Universidad de Alcalá, 28871-Alcalá de Henares,
Madrid, Spain
| | - Alberto Domingo
- Departamento de Química Orgánica y Química Inorgánica, ‡Departamento de
Biología de Sistemas, §Departamento de Química Analítica,
Química Física e Ingeniería Química, Universidad de Alcalá, 28871-Alcalá de Henares,
Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco Mendicuti
- Departamento de Química Orgánica y Química Inorgánica, ‡Departamento de
Biología de Sistemas, §Departamento de Química Analítica,
Química Física e Ingeniería Química, Universidad de Alcalá, 28871-Alcalá de Henares,
Madrid, Spain
| | - Julio Alvarez-Builla
- Departamento de Química Orgánica y Química Inorgánica, ‡Departamento de
Biología de Sistemas, §Departamento de Química Analítica,
Química Física e Ingeniería Química, Universidad de Alcalá, 28871-Alcalá de Henares,
Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan J. Vaquero
- Departamento de Química Orgánica y Química Inorgánica, ‡Departamento de
Biología de Sistemas, §Departamento de Química Analítica,
Química Física e Ingeniería Química, Universidad de Alcalá, 28871-Alcalá de Henares,
Madrid, Spain
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Teguh SC, Klonis N, Duffy S, Lucantoni L, Avery VM, Hutton CA, Baell JB, Tilley L. Novel Conjugated Quinoline–Indoles Compromise Plasmodium falciparum Mitochondrial Function and Show Promising Antimalarial Activity. J Med Chem 2013; 56:6200-15. [DOI: 10.1021/jm400656s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sandra Duffy
- Eskitis Institute for Drug Discovery, Brisbane Innovation Park, Griffith University,
Nathan QLD 4111, Australia
| | - Leonardo Lucantoni
- Eskitis Institute for Drug Discovery, Brisbane Innovation Park, Griffith University,
Nathan QLD 4111, Australia
| | - Vicky M. Avery
- Eskitis Institute for Drug Discovery, Brisbane Innovation Park, Griffith University,
Nathan QLD 4111, Australia
| | | | - Jonathan B. Baell
- Medicinal
Chemistry, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Parkville
VIC 3052, Australia
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20
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Showalter HDH. Progress in the synthesis of canthine alkaloids and ring-truncated congeners. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2013; 76:455-467. [PMID: 23311415 DOI: 10.1021/np300753z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The canthines represent a fairly large subclass of β-carboline alkaloids, with the first members described 75 years ago. Over the last 60 years, many members of the parent compound, canthin-6-one (1), have been isolated from various plant sources, principally the Rutaceae and Simaroubaceae families, and recently from fungi. Structures isolated from these sources have been the subject of total synthesis, which continues to the present day. This review gives a broad overview of synthetic approaches to canthines over a 30-year period from 1982 to 2012 and summarizes recent reports on the synthesis of less well known ring-truncated congeners. These include C-ring-truncated ("ABD", 2) and A-ring-truncated ("BCD", 3) ring systems, which are providing new scaffolds for potentially useful therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- H D Hollis Showalter
- Vahlteich Medicinal Chemistry Core, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1065, USA.
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21
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Ioannidou HA, Martin A, Gollner A, Koutentis PA. Three-step synthesis of Ethyl Canthinone-1-carboxylates from ethyl 4-bromo-6-methoxy-1,5-naphthyridine-3-carboxylate via a Pd-catalyzed Suzuki-Miyaura coupling and a Cu-catalyzed amidation reaction [corrected]. J Org Chem 2011; 76:5113-22. [PMID: 21563779 DOI: 10.1021/jo200824b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Ethyl canthin-6-one-1-carboxylate (1b) and nine analogues 1c-k were prepared from readily prepared ethyl 4-bromo-6-methoxy-1,5-naphthyridine-3-carboxylate (2b) via a three-step non-classical approach that focused on construction of the central pyrrole (ring B) using Pd-catalyzed Suzuki-Miyaura coupling followed by Cu-catalyzed C-N coupling. Furthermore, treatment of the ethyl canthinone-1-carboxylate 1b with NaOH in DCM/MeOH (9:1) gave the canthin-6-one-1-carboxylic acid (6) in high yield. All compounds are fully characterized.
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23
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Ma C, Cao R, Shi B, Zhou X, Ma Q, Sun J, Guo L, Yi W, Chen Z, Song H. Synthesis and cytotoxic evaluation of 1-carboxamide and 1-amino side chain substituted β-carbolines. Eur J Med Chem 2010; 45:5513-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2010.08.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2010] [Revised: 07/24/2010] [Accepted: 08/29/2010] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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24
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Gollner A, Koutentis PA. Two-step total syntheses of canthin-6-one alkaloids: new one-pot sequential Pd-catalyzed Suzuki-Miyaura coupling and Cu-catalyzed amidation reaction. Org Lett 2010; 12:1352-5. [PMID: 20192213 DOI: 10.1021/ol100300s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Canthin-6-one (1) and nine analogues including the naturally occurring 9-methoxycanthin-6-one (2) and amaroridine (3) are prepared rapidly and in high yields via a convergent "non-classical" strategy that focuses on construction of the central ring B. The strategy relies on concomitant Pd-catalyzed Suzuki-Miyaura C-C coupling followed by a Cu-catalyzed C-N coupling that can be achieved either stepwise or in a new one-pot protocol starting from the appropriate 8-bromo-1,5-naphthyridine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Gollner
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cyprus, P.O. Box 20537, 1678 Nicosia, Cyprus
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25
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Bonazzi S, Barbaras D, Patiny L, Scopelliti R, Schneider P, Cole ST, Kaiser M, Brun R, Gademann K. Antimalarial and antitubercular nostocarboline and eudistomin derivatives: synthesis, in vitro and in vivo biological evaluation. Bioorg Med Chem 2010; 18:1464-76. [PMID: 20133138 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2010.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2009] [Revised: 01/05/2010] [Accepted: 01/06/2010] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of nine nostocarboline derivatives with substitutions of the 2-methyl group by alkyl, aryl and functionalized residues, 10 symmetrical bis cationic dimers linking 6-Cl-norharmane through the 2-position and fifteen derivatives of the marine alkaloids eudistomin N and O is reported. These compounds were evaluated in vitro against four parasites (Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense STIB 900, Trypanosoma cruzi Tulahuen C2C4, Leishmania donovani MHOM-ET-67/L82 axenic amastigotes, and Plasmodium falciparum K1 strain), against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv, Mycobacterium smegmatis mc(2)155 and Corynebacterium glutamicum ATCC13032, and cytotoxicity was determined against L6 rat myoblast cells. Nostocarboline and derivatives displayed potent and selective in vitro inhibition of P. falciparum with weak cytotoxicity. The dimers displayed submicromolar inhibition of L. donovani and T. brucei, and nanomolar activity against P. falciparum, albeit with pronounced cytotoxicity. One dimer showed a MIC(99) value against M. tuberculosis of 2.5 microg/ml. The alkylated eudistomin N and O derivatives displayed activities down to 18 nM against P. falciparum for N-Me Eudistomin N. Four dimers, nostocarboline and three eudostomin derivatives were evaluated in an in vivo Plasmodium berghei mouse model. No significant activity was observed for the dimers, but a 50% reduction in parasitaemia was observed at 4 x 50 mg/kg ip for nostocarboline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Bonazzi
- Chemical Synthesis Laboratory (SB-ISIC-LSYNC), Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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26
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Morisaki D, Kim HS, Inoue H, Terauchi H, Kuge S, Naganuma A, Wataya Y, Tokuyama H, Ihara M, Takasu K. Selective accumulation of rhodacyanine in plasmodial mitochondria is related to the growth inhibition of malaria parasites. Chem Sci 2010. [DOI: 10.1039/c0sc00125b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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27
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Singh V, Hutait S, Batra S. BaylisâHillman Reaction of 1-Formyl-β-carboline: One-Step Synthesis of the Canthin-6-one Framework by an Unprecedented Cascade Cyclization Reaction. European J Org Chem 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.200900962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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28
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Ioppolo JA, Kassiou M, Rendina LM. Water-soluble phosphonium salts containing 1,12-dicarba-closo-dodecaborane(12). Tetrahedron Lett 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2009.08.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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29
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Ibrahim MA, Shilabin AG, Prasanna S, Jacob M, Khan SI, Doerksen RJ, Hamann MT. 2-N-Methyl modifications and SAR studies of manzamine A. Bioorg Med Chem 2008; 16:6702-6. [PMID: 18595720 PMCID: PMC2547340 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2008.05.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2008] [Revised: 05/23/2008] [Accepted: 05/29/2008] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Quaternary carbolinium salts have been reported to show improved antimalarial activity and reduced cytotoxicity as compared to electronically neutral beta-carbolines. In this study, mono- and di-methylated quaternary carbolinium cations of manzamine A were synthesized and evaluated for their in vitro antimalarial and antimicrobial activity, cytotoxicity, and also their potential for glycogen synthase kinase (GSK-3beta) inhibition using molecular docking studies. Among the analogs, 2-N-methylmanzamine A (2) exhibited antimalarial activity (IC(50) 0.7-1.0microM) but was less potent than manzamine A. However the compound was significantly less cytotoxic to mammalian kidney fibroblasts and the selectivity index was in the same range as manzamine A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed A. Ibrahim
- Department of Pharmacognosy, The University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677
| | - Abbas G. Shilabin
- Department of Pharmacognosy, The University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677
| | - Sivaprakasam Prasanna
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, The University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677
| | - Melissa Jacob
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677
| | - Shabana I. Khan
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677
| | - Robert J. Doerksen
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, The University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677
| | - Mark T. Hamann
- Department of Pharmacognosy, The University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677
- Pharmacology, Chemistry & Biochemistry, The University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677
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30
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Ge JF, Arai C, Kaiser M, Wittlin S, Brun R, Ihara M. Synthesis and in vitro antiprotozoal activities of water-soluble, inexpensive 3,7-bis(dialkylamino)phenoxazin-5-ium derivatives. J Med Chem 2008; 51:3654-8. [PMID: 18476684 DOI: 10.1021/jm8003619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
3,7-Bis(dialkylamino)phenoxazinium salts were synthesized and evaluated for in vitro activities against Plasmodium falciparum, Trypanosoma cruzi, T. brucei rhodesiense, and Leishmania donovani. Notably, the compounds showed potent antiprotozoal activities, especially against P. falciparum and T. cruzi. The compounds with alkyl side chains less than three carbons in length possessed good activities with high selective indices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Feng Ge
- Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, Hoshi University, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan
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31
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Takasu K, Shimogama T, Satoh C, Kaiser M, Brun R, Ihara M. Synthesis and Antimalarial Property of Orally Active Phenoxazinium Salts. J Med Chem 2007; 50:2281-4. [PMID: 17441706 DOI: 10.1021/jm070201e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Phenoxazinium salts were found to display good antimalarial efficacy in vivo against Plasmodium berghei. Several compounds provided 100% parasitemia clearance at a dose of 20-30 mg kg-1x4 days (ip) and good survival effects without obvious acute toxicity. They also showed excellent potency by oral administration. A preliminary pharmacokinetic study revealed that the oral availability of 1a was excellent.
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32
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Higuchi K, Kawasaki T. Simple indole alkaloids and those with a nonrearranged monoterpenoid unit. Nat Prod Rep 2007; 24:843-68. [PMID: 17653362 DOI: 10.1039/b516351j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 239] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This review covers the literature on simple indole alkaloids and those with a nonrearranged monoterpenoid unit. Newly isolated alkaloids, structure determinations, total syntheses and biological activities are included.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiro Higuchi
- Meiji Pharmaceutical University, 2-522-1 Kiyose, Tokyo 204-8588, Japan
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33
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Ioppolo JA, Clegg JK, Rendina LM. Dicarba-closo-dodecaborane(12) derivatives of phosphonium salts: easy formation of nido-carborane phosphonium zwitterions. Dalton Trans 2007:1982-5. [PMID: 17502929 DOI: 10.1039/b700689f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The first examples of arylphosphonium salts containing a dicarba-closo-dodecaborane(12) (closo-carborane) are reported; in contrast to the 1,12-carborane derivative, the 1,2- and 1,7-isomers undergo a facile deboronation reaction in polar solvents to afford the corresponding nido-carborane phosphonium zwitterions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph A Ioppolo
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
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Pudhom K, Kasai K, Terauchi H, Inoue H, Kaiser M, Brun R, Ihara M, Takasu K. Synthesis of three classes of rhodacyanine dyes and evaluation of their in vitro and in vivo antimalarial activity. Bioorg Med Chem 2006; 14:8550-63. [PMID: 16971131 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2006.08.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2006] [Revised: 08/21/2006] [Accepted: 08/22/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Selected members of three classes of rhodacyanine dyes, [0,0]-, [1,0]-, and [0,0,0]-rhodacyanines, were synthesized and their in vitro antimalarial activities against Plasmodium falciparum K1 (chloroquine-resistant strain) as well as their in vivo activities against P. berghei in mice were determined. The novel [0,0,0]-rhodacynines, 3e and 3h, possessing a benzothiazole moiety, were shown to have highly promising antimalarial activities in vivo. Moreover, the [0,0,0]-rhodacyanines were found to be orally bioavailable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khanitha Pudhom
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Aobayama, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
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Takasu K, Pudhom K, Kaiser M, Brun R, Ihara M. Synthesis and Antimalarial Efficacy of Aza-Fused Rhodacyanines in Vitro and in the P. berghei Mouse Model. J Med Chem 2006; 49:4795-8. [PMID: 16854088 DOI: 10.1021/jm0606241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Several aza-fused rhodacyanines were synthesized and assessed for their in vitro and in vivo antimalarial activities against Plasmodium falciparum K1 and P. berghei. All synthetic compounds showed strong selective antimalarial in vitro activity. Class II azarhodacyanines, 3, consisting of four heterocyclic units, were found to display good parasitemia suppression and low acute toxicity in vivo. Among them, 3c appeared to be the most effective at a dose of 20-25 mg kg(-1) day(-1) (ip).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiyosei Takasu
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Aobayama, Sendai 980-8578, Japan.
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36
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Takasu K, Ihara M, Morisaki D, Kaiser M, Brun R. Syntheses and Biological Activities of Structurally Stiff Rhodacyanines as Novel Antimalarial Candidates. HETEROCYCLES 2005. [DOI: 10.3987/com-05-s(k)67] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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