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Valerino-Díaz AB, Zanatta AC, Gamiotea-Turro D, Candido ACBB, Magalhães LG, Vilegas W, Santos LCD. An enquiry into antileishmanial activity and quantitative analysis of polyhydroxylated steroidal saponins from Solanum paniculatum L. leaves. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2020; 191:113635. [PMID: 32998105 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2020.113635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Solanum paniculatum L. is species whose fruits are widely consumed in Brazil as a tonic beverage with higher content of steroidal saponins. In this work, we developed an analytical method for the quantification of the eight saponins present in the 70 % ethanol extract from the leaves using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS). Besides, the eight spirostanic saponins were screened for in vitro antileishmanial activity against promastigote and amastigote forms of Leishmania (L.) amazonensis. Substances 1, 2 and 3 were found to be the most active compounds, with inhibitory concentration (IC50) values of 8.51 ± 4.38, 10.75 ± 6.85 and 10.45 ± 4.21 μM, respectively, against promastigote forms and effective concentration (EC50) values of >25, 17.73 ± 0.99 and 19.57 ± 0.84 μM, respectively, against amastigote forms. The cytotoxic test with compounds 1-3 evidenced low toxicity in murine macrophage cells, with values above 50 μM at concentration lower than 25 μM. These findings show that saponins 1-3 should be evaluated in further studies for the treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander B Valerino-Díaz
- UNESP, São Paulo State University, Institute of Chemistry, Rua Prof. Francisco Degni, 55, 14800-060, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Ana C Zanatta
- UNESP, São Paulo State University, Institute of Chemistry, Rua Prof. Francisco Degni, 55, 14800-060, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Daylin Gamiotea-Turro
- UNESP, São Paulo State University, Institute of Chemistry, Rua Prof. Francisco Degni, 55, 14800-060, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Ana Carolina Bolela Bovo Candido
- Research Group on Natural Products, Center for Research in Sciences and Technology, University of Franca, Av. Dr. Armando Salles Oliveira, 201, 14404-600 Franca, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Lizandra Guidi Magalhães
- Research Group on Natural Products, Center for Research in Sciences and Technology, University of Franca, Av. Dr. Armando Salles Oliveira, 201, 14404-600 Franca, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Wagner Vilegas
- UNESP, São Paulo State University, Institute of Biosciences. Praça Infante Dom Henrique, s/n, 11330-900, São Vicente, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Lourdes Campaner Dos Santos
- UNESP, São Paulo State University, Institute of Chemistry, Rua Prof. Francisco Degni, 55, 14800-060, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Comparative Study of the Chemical Constituents and Bioactivities of the Extracts from Fruits, Leaves and Root Barks of Lycium barbarum. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24081585. [PMID: 31013650 PMCID: PMC6514792 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24081585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Revised: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The fruits, leaves and root barks of L. barbarum plant are widely used as functional foods and as ingredients in traditional Chinese prescriptions and patent medicines. They are considered to have different pharmacological activities and health benefits because of their diverse constituents. Here, the chemical constituents of the extracts from fruits, leaves and root barks of L. barbarum were compared by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with high resolution mass spectrometry (UPLC-HR-MS). A total of 131 compounds were identified and seven of them were quantified. Among them, 98, 28 and 35 constituents were detected in fruits, leaves and root barks respectively. Dicaffeoylspermidine/spermine derivatives were the most detected compounds (74/131); among them, dicaffeoylspermine isomers and propionyl-dicaffeoylspermidine were found in root barks in very large amounts (e.g., kukoamine B = 10.90 mg/g dry powder); dicaffeoyl-spermidine isomers were detected in fruits/leaves in a high amount, and many of their glycosylated derivatives were mainly detected in fruits. In addition, six saponins from L. barbarum fruits were reported for the first time, and 5,6-dihydrosolasonine was reported for the first time in plants. The activity assays showed that the root bark extract possessed the strongest antioxidative activity and cytotoxicity, which was presumed due to the large amount of dicaffeoylspermine/spermidines in root barks. Fourteen potential bioactive components from fruits were identified by a target cell-based screening method. These results will help to understand the different biological activities of these three parts of L. barbarum plant and will benefit the discovery of new functional components.
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Valerino-Díaz AB, Gamiotea-Turro D, Zanatta AC, Vilegas W, Gomes Martins CH, de Souza Silva T, Rastrelli L, Campaner Dos Santos L. New Polyhydroxylated Steroidal Saponins from Solanum paniculatum L. Leaf Alcohol Tincture with Antibacterial Activity against Oral Pathogens. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:8703-8713. [PMID: 30048138 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b01262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Solanum paniculatum L. is widely used in Brazilian folk medicine for the treatment of liver and gastrointestinal disorders as well as for culinary purposes and beverage production. Fractionation of hydroalcoholic [ethanol (EtOH) 70%] tincture from S. paniculatum leaves led to the isolation of six new spirostanic saponins which included 6- O-α-l-rhamnopyranosyl-(1''→3')-β-d-quinovopyranosyl-(22 S,23 R,25 S)-3β,6α,23-trihydroxy-5α-spirostane (1), 6- O-β-d-xylopyranosyl-(1''→3')-β-d-quinovopyranosyl-(22 S,23 R,25 R)-3β,6α,23-trihydroxy-5α-spirostane (4), 3- O-α-l-rhamnopyranosyl-(1''→3')-β-d-quinovopyranosyl-(22 S,23 S,25 R)-3β,6α,23-trihydroxy-5α-spirostane (5), 3- O-β-d-xylopyranosyl-(1''→3')-β-d-quinovopyranosyl-(22 S,23 S,25 R)-3β,6α,23-trihydroxy-5α-spirostane (6), 6- O-α-l-rhamnopyranosyl-(1''→3')-β-d-quinovopyranosyl-(22 S,25 S)-1β,3β,6α-trihydroxy-5α-spirostane (7), and 6- O-β-d-xylopyranosyl-(1''→3')-β-d-quinovopyranosyl-(22 S,25 S)-3β,4β,6α-trihydroxy-5α-spirostane (8) together with two known spirostanic saponins (2, 3). The structures of these compounds were determined by one-dimensional (1D) and two-dimensional (2D) NMR experiments in addition to high-resolution electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (HRESIMS) analyses. The 70% alcohol tincture, used as phytomedicine, exhibited promising activities against oral pathogens, including, Steptococcus sanguinis, St. oralis, St. mutans, St. mitis, and Lactobacillus casei with minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) values ranging from 6.25 to 50 μg/mL. The saponin fraction, nonetheless, showed lower activity against all the strains tested (from 100 to >400 μg/mL).
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander B Valerino-Díaz
- Institute of Chemistry , UNESP - São Paulo State University , Rua Prof. Francisco Degni, 55 , 14800-060 Araraquara , São Paulo , Brazil
| | - Daylin Gamiotea-Turro
- Institute of Chemistry , UNESP - São Paulo State University , Rua Prof. Francisco Degni, 55 , 14800-060 Araraquara , São Paulo , Brazil
| | - Ana C Zanatta
- Institute of Chemistry , UNESP - São Paulo State University , Rua Prof. Francisco Degni, 55 , 14800-060 Araraquara , São Paulo , Brazil
| | - Wagner Vilegas
- Institute of Biosciences , UNESP - São Paulo State University , Praça Infante Dom Henrique, s/n , 11330-900 São Vicente , São Paulo , Brazil
| | - Carlos Henrique Gomes Martins
- Laboratory of Research in Applied Microbiology , UNIFRAN - University of Franca , Av. Dr. Armando Salles Oliveira, 201 , 14404-600 Franca , São Paulo , Brazil
| | - Thayná de Souza Silva
- Laboratory of Research in Applied Microbiology , UNIFRAN - University of Franca , Av. Dr. Armando Salles Oliveira, 201 , 14404-600 Franca , São Paulo , Brazil
| | - Luca Rastrelli
- Dipartimento di Farmacia - University of Salerno , Via Giovanni Paolo II , 84084 Fisciano , Salerno , Italy
| | - Lourdes Campaner Dos Santos
- Institute of Chemistry , UNESP - São Paulo State University , Rua Prof. Francisco Degni, 55 , 14800-060 Araraquara , São Paulo , Brazil
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Iijima Y, Watanabe B, Sasaki R, Takenaka M, Ono H, Sakurai N, Umemoto N, Suzuki H, Shibata D, Aoki K. Steroidal glycoalkaloid profiling and structures of glycoalkaloids in wild tomato fruit. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2013; 95:145-57. [PMID: 23941899 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2013.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2013] [Revised: 07/02/2013] [Accepted: 07/17/2013] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Steroidal glycoalkaloids (SGAs) constitute one of the main groups of secondary metabolites in tomato fruit. However, the detailed composition of SGAs other than α-tomatine, dehydrotomatine and esculeoside A, remains unclear. Comparative SGA profiling was performed in eight tomato accessions, including wild tomato species by HPLC-Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (HPLC-FTICR/MS). On the basis of molecular formulae obtained from accurate m/z and fragmentation patterns by multistage MS/ MS (MS(n)), 123 glycoalkaloids in total were screened. Detailed MS(n) analysis showed that the observed structural diversity was derived from various chemical modifications, such as glycosylation, acetylation, hydroxylation and isomerization. Total SGA content in each tomato accession was in the range of 121-1986 nmol/gfr.wt. Furthermore, the compositional variety of SGA structures was distinctive in some tomato accessions. While most tomato accessions were basically categorized as α-tomatine-rich or esculeoside A-rich group, other specific SGAs also accumulated at high levels in wild tomato. Here, five such SGAs were isolated and their structures were determined by NMR spectroscopic analysis, indicating three of them were presumably synthesized during α-tomatine metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoko Iijima
- Department of Nutrition and Life Science, Kanagawa Institute of Technology, 1030 Shimo-ogino, Atsugi, Kanagawa 243-0292, Japan; Kazusa DNA Research Institute, Kazusa-Kamatari 2-6-7, Kisarazu, Chiba 292-0818, Japan.
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Manase MJ, Mitaine-Offer AC, Pertuit D, Miyamoto T, Tanaka C, Delemasure S, Dutartre P, Mirjolet JF, Duchamp O, Lacaille-Dubois MA. Solanum incanum and S. heteracanthum as sources of biologically active steroid glycosides: Confirmation of their synonymy. Fitoterapia 2012; 83:1115-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2012.04.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2012] [Revised: 04/25/2012] [Accepted: 04/26/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Ohno M, Murakami K, El-Aasr M, Zhou JR, Yokomizo K, Ono M, Nohara T. New spirostanol glycosides from Solanum nigrum and S. jasminoides. J Nat Med 2012; 66:658-63. [PMID: 22388971 DOI: 10.1007/s11418-012-0637-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2011] [Accepted: 01/23/2012] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
A new characteristic steroidal glycoside possessing a hydroxyl group at C-23, inunigroside A (1), was isolated from the withered berries of Solanum nigrum L. On the basis of spectroscopic analysis, the structure of 1 was characterized as (5α,22S,23S,25R)-3β,23-dihydroxyspirostane 3-O-β-lycotetraoside. Next, a major steroidal sapogenol, (22R, 25S)-3β,15α-dihydroxy-spirost-5-ene (3), was obtained from the acid hydrolysate of the methanolic extract of the aerial parts of Solanum jasminoides L. A new bisdesmoside, 3-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→4)-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→4)-β-D-glucopyranosyl (22R,25S)-3β,15α-dihydroxyspirost-5-ene 15-O-α-L-rhamnopyranoside (4), named jasminoside A, was isolated from the methanolic extract of S. jasminoides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mizuho Ohno
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sojo University, 4-22-1 Ikeda, Kumamoto, 860-0082, Japan
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Lu Y, Luo J, Kong L. Steroidal alkaloid saponins and steroidal saponins from Solanum surattense. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2011; 72:668-73. [PMID: 21334700 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2011.01.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2009] [Revised: 01/12/2011] [Accepted: 01/20/2011] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
A rare 16β-H steroidal alkaloid saponin (1), an avenacoside-type saponin (2), two steroidal saponins (4, 5), one revised-structure steroidal saponin (3) and six known compounds (6-11) were isolated from aerial parts of Solanum surattense Burm. f. Their structures were established on the basis of physical data, as well as by using spectroscopic (HRESIMS, 1D and 2D NMR), and chemical analysis methods. Compounds 1 and 11 showed cytotoxicity against A549 cell line with IC(50) values of 20.3 and 15.7μM, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Lu
- Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, PR China
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Aasr ME, Oshiro Y, Fujiwara Y, Miyashita H, Ikeda T, Ono M, Yoshimitsu H, Nohara T. Conversion of Esculeoside A into Esculeogenin B. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2008; 56:926-9. [DOI: 10.1248/cpb.56.926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mona El Aasr
- Faculty of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University
| | | | - Yukio Fujiwara
- Faculty of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University
| | | | - Tsuyoshi Ikeda
- Faculty of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University
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Nohara T, Okamoto K, Matsushita S, Fujiwara Y, Ikeda T, Miyashita H, Ono M, Yoshimitsu H, Kansui H, Kunieda T. Mechanism for Conversion of Spirosolane Derivative into Pregnane. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2008; 56:1015-7. [DOI: 10.1248/cpb.56.1015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Yukio Fujiwara
- Faculty of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University
| | - Tsuyoshi Ikeda
- Faculty of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University
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