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He R, Pan J, Mayer JP, Liu F. The Chemical Methods of Disulfide Bond Formation and Their Applications to Drug Conjugates. CURR ORG CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.2174/1385272823666191202111723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
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The disulfide bond possesses unique chemical and biophysical properties which
distinguish it as one of the key structural elements of bioactive proteins and peptides, important
drugs and other materials. The chemo-selective synthesis of these structures and
the exploration of their function have been of longstanding interest to the chemistry community.
The past decades have witnessed significant progress in both areas. This review
will summarize the historically established and recently developed chemical methods in
disulfide bond formation. The discussion will also be extended to the use of the disulfide
linkers in small molecules, and peptide- and protein-drug conjugates. It is hoped that the
combined overview of the fundamental chemistries and applications to drug discovery
will inspire creative thinking and stimulate future novel uses of these versatile chemistries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongjun He
- Novo Nordisk Research Center Indianapolis, 5225 Exploration Drive, Indianapolis, IN 46241, United States
| | - Jia Pan
- Novo Nordisk Research Centre China, 20 Life Science Road, Beijing, China
| | - John P. Mayer
- Department of Molecular, Developmental & Cell Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, United States
| | - Fa Liu
- Novo Nordisk Research Center, 530 Fairview Avenue North, Seattle, WA 98109, United States
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Matsui T, Yamada N, Kuno H, Kanaly RA. Formation of Bulky DNA Adducts by Non-Enzymatic Production of 1,2-Naphthoquinone-Epoxide from 1,2-Naphthoquinone under Physiological Conditions. Chem Res Toxicol 2019; 32:1760-1771. [PMID: 31430133 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.9b00088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Quinones may be formed metabolically or abiotically from environmental pollutants and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs); many are recognized as toxicological intermediates that cause a variety of deleterious cellular effects including mutagenicity. The PAH-o-quinone, 1,2-naphthoquinone (1,2-NQ), may exert its genotoxic effects through interactions with cellular nucleophiles such as DNA, however, the mechanisms of 1,2-NQ adduct formation are still under investigation. With the aim to further understand these mechanisms, the chemical structures of adducts formed from the reaction of 2'-deoxyguanosine (dG) with 1,2-NQ under physiological conditions were investigated by liquid chromatography electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry and 1H NMR analyses. Results showed that 1,2-NQ underwent non-enzymatic oxidation to form a 1,2-NQ-epoxide which in turn formed at least four bulky adducts with dG, and these adducts were more likely to be formed under physiological conditions. A mechanism was proposed whereby hydration of 1,2-NQ to form unstable naphthohydroquinones and 2-hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone resulted in formation of hydrogen peroxide that oxidized 1,2-NQ. These results suggest that the genotoxicity of 1,2-NQ may not only be caused through oxidative DNA damage and adduct formation through Michael addition but also through non-enzymatic oxidative transformation of 1,2-NQ itself to form an intermediate PAH-epoxide which covalently binds to DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Matsui
- Department of Life and Environmental System Science, Graduate School of Nanobiosciences , Yokohama City University , 22-2 Seto, Kanazawa , Yokohama , Kanagawa 236-0027 , Japan.,Toxicology Research Laboratories , Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute Japan Tobacco, Inc. , 1-13-2 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku , Yokohama-city , Kanagawa 236-0004 , Japan
| | - Naohito Yamada
- Toxicology Research Laboratories , Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute Japan Tobacco, Inc. , 1-13-2 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku , Yokohama-city , Kanagawa 236-0004 , Japan
| | - Hideyuki Kuno
- Toxicology Research Laboratories , Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute Japan Tobacco, Inc. , 1-13-2 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku , Yokohama-city , Kanagawa 236-0004 , Japan
| | - Robert A Kanaly
- Department of Life and Environmental System Science, Graduate School of Nanobiosciences , Yokohama City University , 22-2 Seto, Kanazawa , Yokohama , Kanagawa 236-0027 , Japan
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Nagaraju A, Shukla G, Srivastava A, Ramulu BJ, Verma GK, Raghuvanshi K, Singh MS. Easy access to α-hydroxyimino-β-oxodithioesters and application towards the synthesis of diverse 1,4-thiazine-3-ones via reduction/annulation cascade. Tetrahedron 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2014.03.097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Nagaraju A, Ramulu BJ, Shukla G, Srivastava A, Verma GK, Raghuvanshi K, Singh MS. A facile and straightforward synthesis of 1,2,3-thiadiazoles from α-enolicdithioesters via nitrosation/reduction/diazotization/cyclization cascade in one-pot. Tetrahedron Lett 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2014.02.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Lach S, Demkowicz S, Witt D. An efficient and convenient synthesis of unsymmetrical disulfides from thioacetates. Tetrahedron Lett 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2013.10.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Singh MS, Nandi GC, Chanda T. β-Oxodithioesters: a new frontier for diverse heterocyclic architectures. RSC Adv 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra41094c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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