1
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Jia F, Sang T, He J, Liu Y, Liu J, Ma X, Liu P. K2S2O8-promoted C3-thiocyanation of pyrazole [1,5-a] pyrimidine-7-amines. Tetrahedron 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2023.133324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2023]
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2
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Hammouda MM, Gaffer HE, Elattar KM. Insights into the medicinal chemistry of heterocycles integrated with a pyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidine scaffold. RSC Med Chem 2022; 13:1150-1196. [PMID: 36325400 PMCID: PMC9580358 DOI: 10.1039/d2md00192f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines are the dominant motif of many drugs; for instance, zaleplon and indiplon are sedative agents and ocinaplon was identified as an anxiolytic agent. The importance of this class of compounds lies in its varied and significant biological activities, and accordingly, considerable methods have been devised to prepare these compounds. Hence, other derivatives of this class of compounds were prepared by substitution reactions with different nucleophiles exploiting the activity of groups linked to the ring carbon and nitrogen atoms. The methods used vary through the condensation reactions of the aminopyrazoles with 1,2-allenic, enaminonitriles, enaminones, 1,3-diketones, unsaturated nitriles, or unsaturated ketones. Alternatively, these compounds are prepared through the reactions of acyclic reagents, as these methods were recently developed efficiently with high yields. The current review highlighted the recent progress of the therapeutic potential of pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines as antimicrobial, anticancer, antianxiety, anti-proliferative, analgesic, and antioxidant agents, carboxylesterase, translocator protein and PDE10A inhibitors, and selective kinase inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed M Hammouda
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science and Humanities in Al-Kharj, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University Al-Kharj 11942 Saudi Arabia
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University El-Gomhoria Street Mansoura 35516 Egypt
| | - Hatem E Gaffer
- Dyeing and Printing Department, Textile Research Division, National Research Center Dokki Cairo 12622 Egypt
| | - Khaled M Elattar
- Unit of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University El-Gomhoria Street Mansoura 35516 Egypt +201010655354
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Elattar KM, El-Mekabaty A. Bicyclic 5-6 Systems: Comprehensive Synthetic Strategies for the Annulations of Pyrazolo[ 1,5-a]pyrimidines. Curr Org Synth 2021; 18:547-586. [PMID: 33966620 DOI: 10.2174/1570179418666210509015108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Pyrazolopyrimidines are a privileged class of 5-6 bicyclic systems with three or four nitrogen atoms, including four possible isomeric structures. The significance of this class of compounds is that they can be applied in medical and pharmaceutical fields due to their unlimited biological aptitude, hence it is the basic skeleton of several synthetic drugs. The current review aimed to highlight all the synthetic routes that have been applied to construct the pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine ring systems up to date. The sections in this study included the synthesis of pyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidines by condensation reactions of 5-aminopyrazoles with each of β-diketones, 1,5-diketones, β- ketoaldehydes, α-cyanoaldehydes, β-enaminones, enamines, enaminonitriles, ethers, with unsaturated ketones, unsaturated thiones, unsaturated esters, unsaturated dienones "1,2-allenic", unsaturated aldehydes, unsaturated imines, and unsaturated nitriles. The routes adopted to synthesize this class of heterocyclic compounds were extended for ring construction from acyclic reagents and multicomponent reactions under catalytic or catalyst-free conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaled M Elattar
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, El-Gomhoria Street, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt
| | - Ahmed El-Mekabaty
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, El-Gomhoria Street, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt
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Hebishy AMS, Salama HT, Elgemeie GH. New Route to the Synthesis of Benzamide-Based 5-Aminopyrazoles and Their Fused Heterocycles Showing Remarkable Antiavian Influenza Virus Activity. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:25104-25112. [PMID: 33043189 PMCID: PMC7542596 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c02675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
This study describes a new route to the synthesis of novel benzamide-based 5-aminopyrazoles and their corresponding pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine and pyrazolo[5,1-c][1,2,4]triazine derivatives. Benzamide-based 5-aminopyrazoles were prepared through a reaction of benzoyl isothiocyanate with malononitrile in KOH-EtOH followed by alkylation with alkyl halides and then a reaction with hydrazine. In an attempt to react benzoyl isothiocyanate with ethyl cyanoacetate in KOH-EtOH followed by alkylation with methyl iodide at room temperature and then a reaction with hydrazine has resulted in the formation of 3-ethoxy-5-phenyl-1H-1,2,4-triazole. The structures of the new compounds were characterized by mass spectroscopy, 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) spectroscopy, infrared spectroscopy (IR), and X-ray analysis. The new compounds were tested in vitro for their anti-influenza A virus (subtype H5N1) activity. Among the synthesized compounds, eight compounds 3b, 4, 10b, 10c, 12a, 19, 21a, and 21b were found to possess significant antiviral activities against bird flu influenza (H5N1) with viral reduction in the range of 85-65%.
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Tian R, Wu B, Fu C, Guo K. miR-137 prevents inflammatory response, oxidative stress, neuronal injury and cognitive impairment via blockade of Src-mediated MAPK signaling pathway in ischemic stroke. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:10873-10895. [PMID: 32496209 PMCID: PMC7346022 DOI: 10.18632/aging.103301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 02/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Stroke is a leading cause of death and disability worldwide. The purpose of this study was to investigate the possible role of the microRNA (miRNA or miR) miR-137 in ischemic stroke. miRNAs are very stable in the blood and may serve as potential diagnostic and therapeutic markers. Wild-type, Src-/- and miR-137-/- mice were treated with p38 siRNA or Erk2 siRNA to identify their roles in the inflammatory response, oxidative stress, neuronal injury and cognitive impairment in brain tissues of mice following middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) operation. We evaluated several factors including; inflammatory responses, oxidative stress, viability and apoptosis of astrocytes in order to identify the functions of miR-137 and Src in ischemic stroke. miR-137 alleviated the inflammatory response, oxidative stress, neuronal injury and cognitive impairment, and restricted apoptosis via targeting Src and inactivating the MAPK signaling pathway. Furthermore, up-regulation of miR-137 or inhibition of Src inhibited the secretion of inflammatory factors, suppressed oxidative stress, and reduced apoptosis of astrocytes. In conclusion, our work suggests that, in mice, miR-137 confers neuroprotective effects against ischemic stroke via attenuation of oxidative, apoptotic, and inflammatory pathways through inhibiting Src-dependent MAPK signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runhui Tian
- Department of Psychology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, P.R. China
| | - Bo Wu
- Department of Psychology, The Sixth People's Hospital of Changchun, Changchun 130000, P.R. China
| | - Cong Fu
- Department of Psychology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, P.R. China
| | - Kaimin Guo
- Department of Andrology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, P.R. China
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6
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Istrefi Q, Türkeş C, Arslan M, Demir Y, Nixha AR, Beydemir Ş, Küfrevioğlu Öİ. Sulfonamides incorporating keteneN,S‐acetal bioisosteres as potent carbonic anhydrase and acetylcholinesterase inhibitors. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2020; 353:e1900383. [DOI: 10.1002/ardp.201900383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Revised: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qëndresa Istrefi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematical and Natural SciencesUniversity of Prishtina Prishtina, Republic of Kosovo
| | - Cüneyt Türkeş
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of PharmacyErzincan Binali Yıldırım University Erzincan Turkey
| | - Mustafa Arslan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and SciencesSakarya University Sakarya Turkey
| | - Yeliz Demir
- Department of Pharmacy Services, Nihat Delibalta Göle Vocational High SchoolArdahan University Ardahan Turkey
| | - Arleta R. Nixha
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematical and Natural SciencesUniversity of Prishtina Prishtina, Republic of Kosovo
| | - Şükrü Beydemir
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of PharmacyAnadolu University Eskişehir Turkey
| | - Ömer İ. Küfrevioğlu
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of SciencesAtatürk University Erzurum Turkey
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Abstract
Pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines are fused N-heterocyclic systems of a pyrazole. They are considered as a key structural motif in many vital applications, such as medicinal, pharmaceuticals, pesticides, dyes and pigments. Their synthetic routes have escalated dramatically in the last decades. The current review is a recent synthetic survey of pyrazolo[ 1,5-a]pyrimidines and their applications until recently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amal Al-Azmi
- Chemistry Department, Kuwait University, P. O. Box 5969, Safat 13060, Kuwait
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8
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El-Naggar M, Hassan AS, Awad HM, Mady MF. Design, Synthesis and Antitumor Evaluation of Novel Pyrazolopyrimidines and Pyrazoloquinazolines. Molecules 2018; 23:E1249. [PMID: 29882908 PMCID: PMC6100441 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23061249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Revised: 05/19/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of N-aryl-7-aryl-pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines 18a⁻u and N-aryl-pyrazolo[1,5-a]quinazolines 25a⁻c were designed and synthesized via the reaction of 5-aminopyrazoles 11a⁻c with enaminones 12a⁻g or 19, respectively. The new compounds were screened for their in vitro antitumor activity toward liver (HepG-2) and breast (MCF-7) human cancer cells using 3-[4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide MTT assay. From the results, it was found that all compounds showed dose-dependent cytotoxic activities against both HepG-2 and MCF-7 cells. Two compounds 18o and 18a were selected for further investigations. Cell cycle analysis of liver (HepG-2) cells treated with 18o and breast (MCF-7) cells treated with 18a showed cell cycle arrest at G2/M phase and pro-apoptotic activity as indicated by annexin V-FITC staining.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed El-Naggar
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, UAE.
| | - Ashraf S Hassan
- Organometallic and Organometalloid Chemistry Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo 12622, Egypt.
| | - Hanem M Awad
- Department of Tanning Materials and Leather Technology, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo 12622, Egypt.
| | - Mohamed F Mady
- Department of Green Chemistry, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo 12622, Egypt.
- Deaprtment of Chemistry, Bio Science and Environmental Technology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Stavanger, N-4036 Stavanger, Norway.
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9
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Bakthadoss M, Meegada SK, Surendar M. Triple domino reaction for the synthesis of pyrazole/indoline linked chromenes. Tetrahedron 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2017.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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10
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Utility of bis(methylthio)methylene malononitrile as a synthon in the synthesis of new poly-functionalized cyanoiminopyrimidines. MONATSHEFTE FUR CHEMIE 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s00706-017-2037-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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11
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Hassan AS, Masoud DM, Sroor FM, Askar AA. Synthesis and biological evaluation of pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-3-carboxamide as antimicrobial agents. Med Chem Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-017-1990-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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12
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Lim FPL, Gan RXY, Dolzhenko AV. Highly selective and efficient synthesis of 3-arylamino-substituted 5-aminopyrazole-4-carboxylates under microwave irradiation. Tetrahedron Lett 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2017.01.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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13
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Ismail NS, Ali GM, Ibrahim DA, Elmetwali AM. Medicinal attributes of pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine based scaffold derivatives targeting kinases as anticancer agents. FUTURE JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fjps.2016.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
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14
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Novel 1,2,4-oxadiazoles and trifluoromethylpyridines related to natural products: synthesis, structural analysis and investigation of their antitumor activity. Tetrahedron 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2016.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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15
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Bertrand SM, Ancellin N, Beaufils B, Bingham RP, Borthwick JA, Boullay AB, Boursier E, Carter PS, Chung CW, Churcher I, Dodic N, Fouchet MH, Fournier C, Francis PL, Gummer LA, Herry K, Hobbs A, Hobbs CI, Homes P, Jamieson C, Nicodeme E, Pickett SD, Reid IH, Simpson GL, Sloan LA, Smith SE, Somers DO, Spitzfaden C, Suckling CJ, Valko K, Washio Y, Young RJ. The Discovery of in Vivo Active Mitochondrial Branched-Chain Aminotransferase (BCATm) Inhibitors by Hybridizing Fragment and HTS Hits. J Med Chem 2015; 58:7140-63. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.5b00313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sophie M. Bertrand
- GlaxoSmithKline R&D, Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, U.K
- Department
of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral
Street, Glasgow, G1 1XL, U.K
| | - Nicolas Ancellin
- Centre de Recherche, GlaxoSmithKline R&D, Les Ulis, 25, 27 Avenue du Québec, 91140 Villebon sur Yvette, France
| | - Benjamin Beaufils
- Centre de Recherche, GlaxoSmithKline R&D, Les Ulis, 25, 27 Avenue du Québec, 91140 Villebon sur Yvette, France
| | - Ryan P. Bingham
- GlaxoSmithKline R&D, Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - Jennifer A. Borthwick
- GlaxoSmithKline R&D, Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, U.K
- Department
of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral
Street, Glasgow, G1 1XL, U.K
| | - Anne-Bénédicte Boullay
- Centre de Recherche, GlaxoSmithKline R&D, Les Ulis, 25, 27 Avenue du Québec, 91140 Villebon sur Yvette, France
| | - Eric Boursier
- Centre de Recherche, GlaxoSmithKline R&D, Les Ulis, 25, 27 Avenue du Québec, 91140 Villebon sur Yvette, France
| | - Paul S. Carter
- GlaxoSmithKline R&D, Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - Chun-wa Chung
- GlaxoSmithKline R&D, Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - Ian Churcher
- GlaxoSmithKline R&D, Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - Nerina Dodic
- Centre de Recherche, GlaxoSmithKline R&D, Les Ulis, 25, 27 Avenue du Québec, 91140 Villebon sur Yvette, France
| | - Marie-Hélène Fouchet
- Centre de Recherche, GlaxoSmithKline R&D, Les Ulis, 25, 27 Avenue du Québec, 91140 Villebon sur Yvette, France
| | - Charlène Fournier
- GlaxoSmithKline R&D, Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - Peter L. Francis
- GlaxoSmithKline R&D, Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - Laura A. Gummer
- GlaxoSmithKline R&D, Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - Kenny Herry
- Centre de Recherche, GlaxoSmithKline R&D, Les Ulis, 25, 27 Avenue du Québec, 91140 Villebon sur Yvette, France
| | - Andrew Hobbs
- GlaxoSmithKline R&D, Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - Clare I. Hobbs
- GlaxoSmithKline R&D, Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - Paul Homes
- GlaxoSmithKline R&D, Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - Craig Jamieson
- Department
of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral
Street, Glasgow, G1 1XL, U.K
| | - Edwige Nicodeme
- Centre de Recherche, GlaxoSmithKline R&D, Les Ulis, 25, 27 Avenue du Québec, 91140 Villebon sur Yvette, France
| | - Stephen D. Pickett
- GlaxoSmithKline R&D, Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - Iain H. Reid
- GlaxoSmithKline R&D, Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - Graham L. Simpson
- GlaxoSmithKline R&D, Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - Lisa A. Sloan
- GlaxoSmithKline R&D, Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - Sarah E. Smith
- GlaxoSmithKline R&D, Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - Donald O’N. Somers
- GlaxoSmithKline R&D, Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - Claus Spitzfaden
- GlaxoSmithKline R&D, Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - Colin J. Suckling
- Department
of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral
Street, Glasgow, G1 1XL, U.K
| | - Klara Valko
- GlaxoSmithKline R&D, Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - Yoshiaki Washio
- GlaxoSmithKline R&D, Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - Robert J. Young
- GlaxoSmithKline R&D, Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, U.K
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Khalafy J, Poursattar Marjani A, Salami F. A novel synthesis of new 2-aryl-6-(arylamino)-1H-imidazo[1,2-b]pyrazole-7-carbonitrile derivatives. Tetrahedron Lett 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2014.10.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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17
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Cankař P, Jedinák L, Kryštof V, Trávníček Z. Multicomponent and Regioselective Synthesis of Dihydropyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines from Aromatic Aldehydes, Meldrum’s Acid, and Aminopyrazole CAN508. HETEROCYCLES 2014. [DOI: 10.3987/com-14-13026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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18
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One-pot synthesis of 2-alkyl-7-amino-5-aryl-pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-6-carbonitriles via a domino three-component condensation-oxidation reaction. CR CHIM 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.crci.2012.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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19
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Utilization of 2-ylidene-4-thiazolidinones in the synthesis of heterocyclic compounds. Part I: Synthesis of pyrazoles. ARAB J CHEM 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2010.06.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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20
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Chernyshev VM, Astakhov AV, Starikova ZA. Reaction of 1-substituted 3,5-diamino-1,2,4-triazoles with β-keto esters: synthesis and new rearrangement of mesoionic 3-amino-2H-[1,2,4]triazolo-[4,3-a]pyrimidin-5-ones. Tetrahedron 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2010.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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21
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Petrov AA, Kasatochkin AN, Emelina EE, Nelyubina YV, Antipin MY. α-Amino azoles in the synthesis of heterocycles: VI. Synthesis and structure of cycloalkane-annulated pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2009. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070428009090139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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22
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Liang S, Pong K, Gonzales C, Chen Y, Ling HP, Mark RJ, Boschelli F, Boschelli DH, Ye F, Barrios Sosa AC, Mansour TS, Frost P, Wood A, Pangalos MN, Zaleska MM. Neuroprotective profile of novel SRC kinase inhibitors in rodent models of cerebral ischemia. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2009; 331:827-35. [PMID: 19741150 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.109.156562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Src kinase signaling has been implicated in multiple mechanisms of ischemic injury, including vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-mediated vascular permeability that leads to vasogenic edema, a major clinical complication in stroke and brain trauma. Here we report the effects of two novel Src kinase inhibitors, 4-[(2,4-dichloro-5-methoxyphenyl)amino]-6-methoxy-7-[3-(4-methyl-1-piperazinyl)propoxy]-3-quinolinecarbonitrile (SKI-606) and 4-[(2,4-dichloro-5-methoxyphenyl)amino]-6-methoxy-7-[4-(4-methypiperazin-1-yl)but-1-ynyl]-3-quinolinecarbonitrile (SKS-927), on ischemia-induced brain infarction and short- and long-term neurological deficits. Two well established transient [transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO)] and permanent [permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion (pMCAO)] focal ischemia models in the rat were used with drug treatments initiated up to 6 h after onset of stroke to mimic the clinical scenario. Brain penetration of Src inhibitors, their effect on blood-brain barrier integrity and VEGF signaling in human endothelial cells were also evaluated. Our results demonstrate that both agents potently block VEGF-mediated signaling in human endothelial cells, penetrate rat brain upon systemic administration, and inhibit postischemic Src activation and vascular leakage. Treatment with SKI-606 or SKS-927 (at the doses of 3-30 mg/kg i.v.) resulted in a dose-dependent reduction in infarct volume and robust protection from neurological impairments even when the therapy was initiated up to 4- to 6-h after tMCAO. Src blockade after pMCAO resulted in accelerated improvement in recovery from motor, sensory, and reflex deficits during a long-term (3 weeks) testing period poststroke. These data demonstrate that the novel Src kinase inhibitors provide effective treatment against ischemic conditions within a clinically relevant therapeutic window and may constitute a viable therapy for acute stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi Liang
- Discovery Neuroscience, Wyeth Research, CN-8000, Princeton, NJ 08543, USA
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Mukaiyama H, Nishimura T, Kobayashi S, Komatsu Y, Kikuchi S, Ozawa T, Kamada N, Ohnota H. Novel pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines as c-Src kinase inhibitors that reduce IKr channel blockade. Bioorg Med Chem 2007; 16:909-21. [PMID: 17997320 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2007.10.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2007] [Revised: 09/28/2007] [Accepted: 10/06/2007] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
To improve the in vitro potency of the c-Src inhibitor 1a and to address its hERG liability, a structure-activity study was carried out, focusing on two regions of the lead compound. The blockade of the delayed cardiac current rectifier K(+) (I(Kr)) channel was overcome by replacing the ethylenediamino group with an amino alcohol group at the 7-position. In addition, modifying the substituents at the 5-position and the side chain groups on the amino alcohols at the 7-position enhanced the intracellular c-Src inhibitory activity and increased central nervous system (CNS) penetration. In the present study, 6l exhibited significant in vivo efficacy in a middle cerebral artery (MCA) occlusion model in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harunobu Mukaiyama
- Central Research Laboratory, Kissei Pharmaceutical Company Ltd, 4365-1, Azumino-city, Nagano 399-8304, Japan.
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