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Okitsu T, Yamano Y, Shen YC, Sasaki T, Kobayashi Y, Morisawa S, Yamashita T, Imamoto Y, Shichida Y, Wada A. Synthesis of One Double Bond-Inserted Retinal Analogs and Their Binding Experiments with Opsins: Preparation of Novel Red-Shifted Channelrhodopsin Variants. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2020; 68:265-272. [PMID: 32115534 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.c19-01005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In optogenetics, red-shifted channelrhodopsins (ChRs) are eagerly sought. We prepared six kinds of new chromophores with one double bond inserted into the polyene side chain of retinal (A1) or 3,4-didehydroretinal (A2), and examined their binding efficiency with opsins (ReaChR and ChrimsonR). All analogs bound with opsins to afford new ChRs. Among them, A2-10ex (an extra double bond is inserted at the C10-C11 position of A2) showed the greatest red-shift in the absorption spectrum of ChrimsonR, with a maximum absorbance at 654 nm (67 nm red-shifted from that of A1-ChrimsonR). Moreover, a long-wavelength spectral boundary of A2-10ex-ChrimsonR was extended to 756 nm, which reached into the far-red region (710-850 nm).
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Okitsu
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry for Life Science, Kobe Pharmaceutical University
| | - Yumiko Yamano
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry for Life Science, Kobe Pharmaceutical University
| | - Yi-Chung Shen
- Department of Biophysics, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University
| | - Toshikazu Sasaki
- Department of Biophysics, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University
| | - Yuka Kobayashi
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry for Life Science, Kobe Pharmaceutical University
| | - Shoko Morisawa
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry for Life Science, Kobe Pharmaceutical University
| | | | - Yasushi Imamoto
- Department of Biophysics, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University
| | | | - Akimori Wada
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry for Life Science, Kobe Pharmaceutical University
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Terai Y, Miyagi R, Aibara M, Mizoiri S, Imai H, Okitsu T, Wada A, Takahashi-Kariyazono S, Sato A, Tichy H, Mrosso HDJ, Mzighani SI, Okada N. Visual adaptation in Lake Victoria cichlid fishes: depth-related variation of color and scotopic opsins in species from sand/mud bottoms. BMC Evol Biol 2017; 17:200. [PMID: 28830359 PMCID: PMC5568302 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-017-1040-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background For Lake Victoria cichlid species inhabiting rocky substrates with differing light regimes, it has been proposed that adaptation of the long-wavelength-sensitive (LWS) opsin gene triggered speciation by sensory drive through color signal divergence. The extensive and continuous sand/mud substrates are also species-rich, and a correlation between male nuptial coloration and the absorption of LWS pigments has been reported. However, the factors driving genetic and functional diversity of LWS pigments in sand/mud habitats are still unresolved. Results To address this issue, nucleotide sequences of eight opsin genes were compared in ten Lake Victoria cichlid species collected from sand/mud bottoms. Among eight opsins, the LWS and rod-opsin (RH1) alleles were diversified and one particular allele was dominant or fixed in each species. Natural selection has acted on and fixed LWS alleles in each species. The functions of LWS and RH1 alleles were measured by absorption of reconstituted A1- and A2-derived visual pigments. The absorption of pigments from RH1 alleles most common in deep water were largely shifted toward red, whereas those of LWS alleles were largely shifted toward blue in both A1 and A2 pigments. In both RH1 and LWS pigments, A2-derived pigments were closer to the dominant light in deep water, suggesting the possibility of the adaptation of A2-derived pigments to depth-dependent light regimes. Conclusions The RH1 and LWS sequences may be diversified for adaptation of A2-derived pigments to different light environments in sand/mud substrates. Diversification of the LWS alleles may have originally taken place in riverine environments, with a new mutation occurring subsequently in Lake Victoria. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12862-017-1040-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohey Terai
- Department of Evolutionary Studies of Biosystems, SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Shonan Village, Hayama, Kanagawa, 240-0193, Japan. .,Graduate School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama, 226-8501, Japan.
| | - Ryutaro Miyagi
- Graduate School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama, 226-8501, Japan
| | - Mitsuto Aibara
- Graduate School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama, 226-8501, Japan
| | - Shinji Mizoiri
- Graduate School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama, 226-8501, Japan
| | - Hiroo Imai
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Primate Research Institute, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takashi Okitsu
- Department of Organic Chemistry for Life Science, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, 4-19-1, Motoyamakita-machi, Higashinada-ku, Kobe, 658-8558, Japan
| | - Akimori Wada
- Department of Organic Chemistry for Life Science, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, 4-19-1, Motoyamakita-machi, Higashinada-ku, Kobe, 658-8558, Japan
| | - Shiho Takahashi-Kariyazono
- Department of Evolutionary Studies of Biosystems, SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Shonan Village, Hayama, Kanagawa, 240-0193, Japan
| | - Akie Sato
- Department of Anatomy and Cytohistology, School of Dental Medicine, Tsurumi University, 2-1-3 Tsurumi, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, 230-8501, Japan
| | - Herbert Tichy
- Max-Planck-Institut für Biologie, Abteilung Immungenetik, Corrensstrasse 42, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | | | - Semvua I Mzighani
- Graduate School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama, 226-8501, Japan.,Tanzania Fisheries Research Institute (TAFIRI), Mwanza, Tanzania
| | - Norihiro Okada
- Graduate School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama, 226-8501, Japan. .,Present address: Department of Life Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, 701, Tainan, Taiwan. .,Present address: Foundation for Advancement of International Science (FAIS), Tsukuba, Japan.
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Miyagi R, Terai Y, Aibara M, Sugawara T, Imai H, Tachida H, Mzighani SI, Okitsu T, Wada A, Okada N. Correlation between nuptial colors and visual sensitivities tuned by opsins leads to species richness in sympatric Lake Victoria cichlid fishes. Mol Biol Evol 2012; 29:3281-96. [PMID: 22617953 DOI: 10.1093/molbev/mss139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Reproductive isolation that prevents interspecific hybridization between closely related coexisting species maintains sympatric species diversity. One of the reproductive isolations is mate choice based on color signals (breeding color perceived by color vision). This is well known in several animal taxa, yet little is known about its genetic and molecular mechanism. Lake Victoria cichlid fishes are thought to be an example of sympatric species diversity. In the species inhabiting different light environments in rocky shore, speciation by sensory drive through color signals has been proposed by analyses of the long wavelength-sensitive (LWS) opsin gene and the male nuptial coloration. However, the genetic and molecular mechanism of how diversity of sympatric species occurring in the same habitat is maintained remains unknown. To address this issue, we determined nucleotide sequences of eight opsins of six sympatric species collected from a sandy-muddy shore--an ideal model system for studying sympatric species. Among eight opsins, the LWS and RH1 alleles were diversified and one particular allele is dominant or fixed in each species, and we propose that this is due to natural selection. The functions of their LWS alleles were also diversified as shown by absorption measurements of reconstituted visual pigments. To analyze the relationship between nuptial coloration and the absorption of LWS pigments, we systematically evaluated and defined nuptial coloration. We showed that the coloration was species specific with respect to hue and significantly differentiated by the index values of hue (dominant wavelength: λ(d)). The λ(d) value of the male nuptial coloration correlated with the absorption of LWS pigments from all the species, suggesting that reproductive isolation through mate choice using color signals may prevent sympatric interspecific hybridization, thereby maintaining the species diversity in sympatric species in Lake Victoria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryutaro Miyagi
- Graduate School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Japan
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Dawadi PBS, Lugtenburg J. Synthesis and use of stable isotope enriched retinals in the field of vitamin A. Molecules 2010; 15:1825-72. [PMID: 20336016 PMCID: PMC6257204 DOI: 10.3390/molecules15031825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2010] [Revised: 02/18/2010] [Accepted: 03/02/2010] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of vitamin A and its metabolites in the life processes starting with the historical background and its up to date information is discussed in the introduction. Also the role of 11Z-retinal in vision and retinoic acid in the biological processes is elucidated. The essential role of isotopically enriched systems in the progress of vision research, nutrition research etc. is discussed. In part B industrial commercial syntheses of vitamin A by the two leading companies Hoffmann-La Roche (now DSM) and BASF are discussed. The knowledge obtained via these pioneering syntheses has been essential for the further synthetic efforts in vitamin A field by other scientific groups. The rest of the paper is devoted to the synthetic efforts of the Leiden group that gives an access to the preparation of site directed high level isotope enrichment in retinals. First the synthesis of the retinals with deuterium incorporation in the conjugated side chain is reviewed. Then, 13C-labeled retinals are discussed. This is followed by the discussion of a convergent synthetic scheme that allows a rational access to prepare any isotopomer of retinals. The schemes that provide access to prepare any possible isotope enriched chemically modified systems are discussed. Finally, nor-retinals and bridged retinals that give access to a whole (as yet incomplete) library of possible isotopomers are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prativa B S Dawadi
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA, Leiden, The Netherlands.
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Okitsu T, Nakazawa D, Nakagawa K, Okano T, Wada A. Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of 9Z-Retinoic Acid Analogs Having 2-Substituted Benzo[b]furan. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2010; 58:418-22. [DOI: 10.1248/cpb.58.418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Okitsu
- Department of Organic Chemistry for Life Science, Kobe Pharmaceutical University
| | - Daisuke Nakazawa
- Department of Organic Chemistry for Life Science, Kobe Pharmaceutical University
| | - Kimie Nakagawa
- Department of Hygienic Sciences, Kobe Pharmaceutical University
| | - Toshio Okano
- Department of Hygienic Sciences, Kobe Pharmaceutical University
| | - Akimori Wada
- Department of Organic Chemistry for Life Science, Kobe Pharmaceutical University
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Preparation and biological evaluation of 5-substituted retinoic acids. Bioorg Med Chem 2008; 16:8471-81. [PMID: 18760926 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2008.08.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2008] [Revised: 08/07/2008] [Accepted: 08/08/2008] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Various 5-substituted retinoic acids were prepared by a palladium-catalyzed cross coupling reactions of vinyl nonaflates and E- or Z-3-tributylstannyl-2-beten-1-ol as a key reaction. These coupling products were then converted to the corresponding all-E- and 9Z-retinoic acid analogs via Horner-Emmons reaction and subsequent basic hydrolysis, and their biological activities were evaluated. The all-E-derivatives, 5-butyl and isobutyl analogs exhibited stronger effects for anti-proliferative and differentiation-inducing activities in HL-60 cells. In contrast, in 9Z-derivatives, none of the analogs showed any activity.
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