1
|
Yu L, Lee H, Rho SB, Park MK, Lee CH. Ethacrynic Acid: A Promising Candidate for Drug Repurposing as an Anticancer Agent. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076712. [PMID: 37047688 PMCID: PMC10094867 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Ethacrynic acid (ECA) is a diuretic that inhibits Na-K-2Cl cotransporter (NKCC2) present in the thick ascending loop of Henle and muculo dens and is clinically used for the treatment of edema caused by excessive body fluid. However, its clinical use is limited due to its low bioavailability and side effects, such as liver damage and hearing loss at high doses. Despite this, ECA has recently emerged as a potential anticancer agent through the approach of drug repositioning, with a novel mechanism of action. ECA has been shown to regulate cancer hallmark processes such as proliferation, apoptosis, migration and invasion, angiogenesis, inflammation, energy metabolism, and the increase of inhibitory growth factors through various mechanisms. Additionally, ECA has been used as a scaffold for synthesizing a new material, and various derivatives have been synthesized. This review explores the potential of ECA and its derivatives as anticancer agents, both alone and in combination with adjuvants, by examining their effects on ten hallmarks of cancer and neuronal contribution to cancer. Furthermore, we investigated the trend of synthesis research of a series of ECA derivatives to improve the bioavailability of ECA. This review highlights the importance of ECA research and its potential to provide a cost-effective alternative to new drug discovery and development for cancer treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lu Yu
- College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University, Seoul 04620, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho Lee
- Department of Cancer Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy National Cancer Center, Goyang 10408, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Bae Rho
- Department of Cancer Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy National Cancer Center, Goyang 10408, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Kyung Park
- College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University, Seoul 04620, Republic of Korea
- Department of Cancer Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy National Cancer Center, Goyang 10408, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Hoon Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University, Seoul 04620, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
El Abbouchi A, El Brahmi N, Hiebel MA, Bignon J, Guillaumet G, Suzenet F, El Kazzouli S. Synthesis and evaluation of a novel class of ethacrynic acid derivatives containing triazoles as potent anticancer agents. Bioorg Chem 2021; 115:105293. [PMID: 34426162 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2021.105293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 07/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
For unmet clinical needs, a novel class of ethacrynic acid (EA) derivatives containing triazole moieties (3a-i and 8) were designed, synthesized and evaluated as new anticancer agents. The in vitro anti-proliferative activities were assessed first on HL60 cell line and in a second stage, the two selected compounds 3a and 3c were tested on a panel of human cancer cell lines (A549, MCF7, PC3, U87-MG, SKOV3 and HCT116) and on a normal cell line (MCR5). Compound3c exhibited very good antitumor activities with IC50 values of 20.2, 56.5 and 76.8 nM against A549, PC3 and U87-MG cell lines respectively, which is 2.8- and 1.3-fold more active than doxorubicin on A549 and U87-MG cancer cells, respectively. In addition, compound 3c displays a very good safety index (SI) of 82 fold for A549. Compound 3a showed also good IC50 values of 50 nM on both A549 and PC3 cells and lower selectivity compared to 3c for A549 and PC3 vs. MCR5 with SI of 33 and 18 fold, respectively. The measurement of mitochondrial membrane potential on HCT116 cells after treatments by either 3a or 3c showed that both compounds induced mitochondrial dysfunctions causing thus caspase-induced apoptosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abdelmoula El Abbouchi
- Euromed Research Center, Engineering School of Biomedical and Biotechnology, Euromed University of Fes (UEMF)-Route de Meknès, 30000 Fez, Morocco; Institut de Chimie Organique et Analytique, Université d'Orléans, UMR CNRS 7311, BP 6759, Orléans cedex 2 54067, France
| | - Nabil El Brahmi
- Euromed Research Center, Engineering School of Biomedical and Biotechnology, Euromed University of Fes (UEMF)-Route de Meknès, 30000 Fez, Morocco
| | - Marie-Aude Hiebel
- Institut de Chimie Organique et Analytique, Université d'Orléans, UMR CNRS 7311, BP 6759, Orléans cedex 2 54067, France
| | - Jérôme Bignon
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Gérald Guillaumet
- Euromed Research Center, Engineering School of Biomedical and Biotechnology, Euromed University of Fes (UEMF)-Route de Meknès, 30000 Fez, Morocco; Institut de Chimie Organique et Analytique, Université d'Orléans, UMR CNRS 7311, BP 6759, Orléans cedex 2 54067, France.
| | - Franck Suzenet
- Institut de Chimie Organique et Analytique, Université d'Orléans, UMR CNRS 7311, BP 6759, Orléans cedex 2 54067, France.
| | - Saïd El Kazzouli
- Euromed Research Center, Engineering School of Biomedical and Biotechnology, Euromed University of Fes (UEMF)-Route de Meknès, 30000 Fez, Morocco.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Danyliuk IY, Vas’kevich RI, Vas'kevich AI, Rusanov EB, Vovk MV. Sulfanyl chloride induced heterocyclization of N-(pyrazolyl)styrylacetamides. PHOSPHORUS SULFUR 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/10426507.2018.1528257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ivanna Yu. Danyliuk
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Ruslan I. Vas’kevich
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Alla I. Vas'kevich
- National Technical University of Ukraine “Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute”, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Eduard B. Rusanov
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Mykhailo V. Vovk
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Huang YC, Farn SS, Chou YC, Yeh CN, Chang CW, Chung YH, Chen TW, Huang WS, Yu CS. Synthesis of para
-[ 18
F]Fluorofenbufen Octylamide for PET Imaging of Brain Tumors. J CHIN CHEM SOC-TAIP 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/jccs.201700300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Cheng Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chang-Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou; Chang Gung University; Taiwan
| | - Shiou-Shiow Farn
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Sciences; National Tsinghua University; Hsinchu 300 Taiwan
- Isotope Application Division; Institute of Nuclear Energy Research; Taoyuan 32546 Taiwan
| | - Yo-Cheng Chou
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Sciences; National Tsinghua University; Hsinchu 300 Taiwan
| | - Chun-Nan Yeh
- Department of Surgery, Chang-Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou; Chang Gung University; Taiwan
| | - Chi-Wei Chang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine; Veterans General Hospital at Taipei; Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hsiu Chung
- Center for Advanced Molecular Imaging and Translation; Chang Gung Memorial Hospital; Taiwan
| | - Tsong-Wen Chen
- Department of Surgery, Chang-Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou; Chang Gung University; Taiwan
| | - Wen-Sheng Huang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine; Veterans General Hospital at Taipei; Taiwan
| | - Chung-Shan Yu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Sciences; National Tsinghua University; Hsinchu 300 Taiwan
- Institute of Nuclear Engineering and Science; National Tsing-Hua University; Hsinchu 300 Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Synthesis and characterization of boron fenbufen and its F-18 labeled homolog for boron neutron capture therapy of COX-2 overexpressed cholangiocarcinoma. Eur J Pharm Sci 2017; 107:217-229. [PMID: 28728977 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2017.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2017] [Revised: 06/16/2017] [Accepted: 07/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) is a binary therapy that employs neutron irradiation on the boron agents to release high-energy helium and alpha particles to kill cancer cells. An optimal response to BNCT depends critically on the time point of maximal 10B accumulation and highest tumor to normal ratio (T/N) for performing the neutron irradiation. The aggressive cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) representing a liver cancer that overexpresses COX-2 enzyme is aimed to be targeted by COX-2 selective boron carrier, fenbufen boronopinacol (FBPin). Two main works were performed including: 1) chemical synthesis of FBPin as the boron carrier and 2) radiochemical labeling with F-18 to provide the radiofluoro congener, m-[18F]fluorofenbufen ester boronopinacol (m-[18F]FFBPin), to assess the binding affinity, cellular accumulation level and distribution profile in CCA rats. FBPin was prepared from bromofenbufen via 3 steps with 82% yield. The binding assay employed [18F]FFBPin to compete FBPin for binding to COX-1 (IC50=0.91±0.68μM) and COX-2 (IC50=0.33±0.24μM). [18F]FFBPin-derived 60-min dynamic PET scans predict the 10B-accumulation of 0.8-1.2ppm in liver and 1.2-1.8ppm in tumor and tumor to normal ratio=1.38±0.12. BNCT was performed 40-55min post intravenous administration of FBPin (20-30mg) in the CCA rats. CCA rats treated with BNCT display more tumor reduction than that by NCT with respect of 2-[18F]fluoro-2-deoxy glucose uptake in the tumor region of interest, 20.83±3.00% (n=12) vs. 12.83±3.79% (n=10), P=0.05. The visualizing agent [18F]FFBPin resembles FBPin to generate the time-dependent boron concentration profile. Optimal neutron irradiation period is thus determinable for BNCT. A boron-substituted agent based on COX-2-binding features has been prepared. The moderate COX-2/COX-1 selectivity index of 2.78 allows a fair tumor selectivity index of 1.38 with a mild cardiovascular effect. The therapeutic effect from FBPin with BNCT warrants a proper COX-2 targeting of boron NSAIDs.
Collapse
|
6
|
Mignani S, El Brahmi N, El Kazzouli S, Eloy L, Courilleau D, Caron J, Bousmina MM, Caminade AM, Cresteil T, Majoral JP. A novel class of ethacrynic acid derivatives as promising drug-like potent generation of anticancer agents with established mechanism of action. Eur J Med Chem 2016; 122:656-673. [PMID: 27448922 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2016.05.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2016] [Revised: 05/09/2016] [Accepted: 05/29/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The well-known diuretic Ethacrynic acid (EA, Edecrin), showing low anti-proliferative activities, was chemically modified at different positions. The new EA derivatives have been tested in vitro in anti-proliferative assays on both tumor KB (epidermal carcinoma) and leukemia HL60 (promyelocytic) cells suitable targets for anticancer activity. Reduction of the α-β double bond of EA completely abolished anti-cancer activities, whereas introduction of either 2-(4-substituted phenyl)ethanamine (series A) or 4-(4-substituted phenyl)piperazine (series B) moieties generated compounds showing moderate to strong anti-proliferative activities against human cancer cell lines. Several substitutions on the phenyl of these two moieties are tolerated. The mechanism of action of the EA derivatives prepared in this study is more complex than the inhibition of glutathione S-transferase π ascribed as unique effect to EA and might help to overcome tumor resistances.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Serge Mignani
- Laboratoire de Chimie et de Biochimie pharmacologiques et toxicologique, CNRS UMR 860, Université Paris Descartes, PRES Sorbonne Paris Cité, 45, rue des Saints Pères, 75006, Paris, France.
| | - Nabil El Brahmi
- Euromed Research Institute, Engineering Division, Euro-Mediterranean University of Fes, Fès-Shore, Route de Sidi Hrazem, 30070, Fès, Morocco; Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination CNRS, 205 route de Narbonne, BP 44099, 31077, Toulouse Cedex 4, France; Université de Toulouse, UPS, INPT, F-31077, Toulouse Cedex4, France
| | - Saïd El Kazzouli
- Euromed Research Institute, Engineering Division, Euro-Mediterranean University of Fes, Fès-Shore, Route de Sidi Hrazem, 30070, Fès, Morocco.
| | - Laure Eloy
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, CNRS UPR2301, Avenue de la terrasse, 91190, Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - Delphine Courilleau
- IPSIT Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Paris Sud, 92290, Chatenay-Malabry, France
| | - Joachim Caron
- Euromed Research Institute, Engineering Division, Euro-Mediterranean University of Fes, Fès-Shore, Route de Sidi Hrazem, 30070, Fès, Morocco; Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination CNRS, 205 route de Narbonne, BP 44099, 31077, Toulouse Cedex 4, France; Université de Toulouse, UPS, INPT, F-31077, Toulouse Cedex4, France
| | - Mosto M Bousmina
- Euromed Research Institute, Engineering Division, Euro-Mediterranean University of Fes, Fès-Shore, Route de Sidi Hrazem, 30070, Fès, Morocco
| | - Anne-Marie Caminade
- Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination CNRS, 205 route de Narbonne, BP 44099, 31077, Toulouse Cedex 4, France; Université de Toulouse, UPS, INPT, F-31077, Toulouse Cedex4, France
| | - Thierry Cresteil
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, CNRS UPR2301, Avenue de la terrasse, 91190, Gif sur Yvette, France; IPSIT Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Paris Sud, 92290, Chatenay-Malabry, France.
| | - Jean-Pierre Majoral
- Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination CNRS, 205 route de Narbonne, BP 44099, 31077, Toulouse Cedex 4, France; Université de Toulouse, UPS, INPT, F-31077, Toulouse Cedex4, France.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Huang YC, Huang HL, Yeh CN, Lin KJ, Yu CS. Investigation of brain tumors using (18)F-fluorobutyl ethacrynic amide and its metabolite with positron emission tomography. Onco Targets Ther 2015; 8:1877-85. [PMID: 26244025 PMCID: PMC4521672 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s78404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
To date, imaging of malignant glioma remains challenging. In positron emission tomography-related diagnostic imaging, differential tumor uptake of 3′-deoxy-3′-[18F] fluorothymidine ([18F]FLT) has been shown to reflect the levels of cell proliferation and DNA synthesis. However, additional biomarkers for tumors are urgently required. Aberrant levels of glutathione transferase (GST) activity have been hypothesized to constitute such a novel diagnostic marker. Here, a C6 rat glioma tumor model was used to assess the ability of the positron emission tomography tracers, [18F]FLT and 18F-fluorobutyl ethacrynic amide ([18F]FBuEA), to indicate reactive oxygen species-induced stress responses as well as detoxification-related processes in tumors. Using a GST activity assay, we were able to demonstrate that FBuEA is more readily catalyzed by GST-π than by GST-α. Furthermore, we showed that FBuEA-GS, a metabolite of FBuEA, elicits greater cytotoxicity in tumor cells than in normal fibroblast cells. Finally, in vitro and in vivo investigation of radiotracer distribution of [18F]FBuEA and [18F] FBuEA-GS revealed preferential accumulation in C6 glioma tumor cells over normal fibroblast cells for [18F]FBuEA-GS but not for [18F]FBuEA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Cheng Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chang-Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Chang Gung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Ho-Lien Huang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Sciences, National Tsinghua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Nan Yeh
- Department of Surgery, Chang Gung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Kun-Ju Lin
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Chang-Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Chang Gung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Shan Yu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Sciences, National Tsinghua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan ; Institute of Nuclear Engineering and Science, National Tsing-Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
El Brahmi N, Mignani SM, Caron J, El Kazzouli S, Bousmina MM, Caminade AM, Cresteil T, Majoral JP. Investigations on dendrimer space reveal solid and liquid tumor growth-inhibition by original phosphorus-based dendrimers and the corresponding monomers and dendrons with ethacrynic acid motifs. NANOSCALE 2015; 7:3915-3922. [PMID: 25503793 DOI: 10.1039/c4nr05983b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The well-known reactive diuretic ethacrynic acid (EA, Edecrin), with low antiproliferative activities, was chemically modified and grafted onto phosphorus dendrimers and the corresponding simple branched phosphorus dendron-like derivatives affording novel nanodevices showing moderate to strong antiproliferative activities against liquid and solid tumor cell lines, respectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nabil El Brahmi
- Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination du CNRS, 205 route de Narbonne, BP 44099, 31077 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Huang HL, Yeh CN, Lee WY, Huang YC, Chang KW, Lin KJ, Tien SF, Su WC, Yang CH, Chen JT, Lin WJ, Fan SS, Yu CS. [123I]Iodooctyl fenbufen amide as a SPECT tracer for imaging tumors that over-express COX enzymes. Biomaterials 2013; 34:3355-65. [PMID: 23384791 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2013.01.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2012] [Accepted: 01/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
This study is concerned with the development of an agent for single photon emission computer tomography (SPECT) for imaging inflammation and tumor progression. [(123)I]Iodooctyl fenbufen amide ([(123)I]IOFA) was prepared from the precursor N-octyl-4-oxo-4-(4'-(trimethylstannyl)biphenyl-4-yl)butanamide with a radiochemical yield of 15%, specific activity of 37 GBq/μmol, and radiochemical purity of 95%. Analysis of the binding of [(123)I]IOFA to COX-1 and COX-2 enzymes by using HPLC and a gel filtration column showed a selectivity ratio of 1:1.3. An assay for the competitive inhibition of substrate transfer showed that IOFA exhibited a comparable IC(50) value compared to fenbufen. In the normal rat liver, a lower level and homogeneous pattern of [(123)I]IOFA radioactivity was observed by SPECT. In contrast, in the rat liver with thioacetamide-induced cholangiocarcinoma, a higher uptake and heterogeneous pattern of [(123)I]IOFA radioactivity was seen as hot spots in tumor lesions by SPECT imaging. Importantly, elevated COX-1 and COX-2 expressions from immunostaining were found in the bile ducts of tumor rats but not of normal rats. Therefore, [(123)I]IOFA was found to exhibit the potential for imaging tumors that over-express COX.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ho-Lien Huang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Sciences, National Tsing-Hua University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Lin KI, Chiang LW, Pan CT, Huang HL, Su YH, Chen ST, Huang YC, Yu CS. 6-Azido-Galactosyl Imidate as a Building Block for Preparation of 1-(4-Aminobutyl)-, Di-, Tri- and Tetra-Saccharides. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.4236/ojmc.2013.33010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
11
|
Huang HL, Yeh CN, Chang KW, Chen JT, Lin KJ, Chiang LW, Jeng KC, Wang WT, Lim KH, Chen CG, Lin KI, Huang YC, Lin WJ, Yen TC, Yu CS. Synthesis and evaluation of [18F]Fluorobutyl ethacrynic amide: A potential PET tracer for studying glutathione transferase. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2012; 22:3998-4003. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2012.04.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2012] [Revised: 04/03/2012] [Accepted: 04/19/2012] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
|
12
|
Synthesis of amino core compounds of galactosyl phytosyl ceramide analogs for developing iNKT-cell inducers. Molecules 2012; 17:3058-81. [PMID: 22410417 PMCID: PMC6268237 DOI: 10.3390/molecules17033058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2012] [Revised: 03/01/2012] [Accepted: 03/06/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
1-Aminophytosphingosine and 6-aminogalactosyl phytosphingosine were prepared in 61% and 40% yield libraries with 44 carboxylic acids showed that a 4-butylbenzoic acid-derived product exe, respectively. Glycosylation using benzoyl-protected lipid resulted in better a-selectivity for ceramide analogs, but the yield was less than that obtained with benzyl moieties. Screening the amide rted less cytotoxicity. These analogs were purified for validation of immunological potencies and the a-GalCer analog but not the sphingosine analog stimulated human iNKT cell population.
Collapse
|
13
|
Su YH, Chiang LW, Jeng KC, Huang HL, Chen JT, Lin WJ, Huang CW, Yu CS. Solution-phase parallel synthesis and screening of anti-tumor activities from fenbufen and ethacrynic acid libraries. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2011; 21:1320-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2011.01.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2010] [Revised: 12/31/2010] [Accepted: 01/17/2011] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
|
14
|
Lin KI, Yang CH, Huang CW, Jian JY, Huang YC, Yu CS. Synthesis and structure-activity relationships of fenbufen amide analogs. Molecules 2010; 15:8796-803. [PMID: 21127465 PMCID: PMC6259210 DOI: 10.3390/molecules15128796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2010] [Revised: 11/29/2010] [Accepted: 12/01/2010] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The previous discoveries of butyl fenbufen amide analogs with antitumor effects were further examined. The amide analogs with 1, 3, 4 and 8 carbons chains were prepared in 70–80% yield. Fenbufen had no cytotoxic effects at concentrations ranging from 10 to 100 μM. Methyl fenbufen amide had significant cytotoxic effects at a concentration of 100 μM. As the length of the alkyl amide side chain increased, the cytotoxic effects increased, and the octyl fenbufen amide had the greatest cytotoxic effect. After treatment with 30 μM octyl fenbufen amide, nearly seventy percent of the cells lost their viability. At the concentration of 10 μM, fenbufen amide analogs did not show cytotoxicity according to the MTT assay results. The NO scavenging activities of the fenbufen amide analogs were not significantly different from those of fenbufen.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kun-I Lin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Sciences, National Tsing-Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan; E-Mails: (K.-I.L); (C.-W.H)
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Chang Bing Show Chwan Memorial Hospital, Lukang Zhen, Changhua County, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Hsun Yang
- Department of Cosmetic Science, Providence University, Taichung 43301, Taiwan; E-Mails: (C.-H.Y.); (J.-Y.J)
| | - Chia-Wen Huang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Sciences, National Tsing-Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan; E-Mails: (K.-I.L); (C.-W.H)
| | - Jhen-Yi Jian
- Department of Cosmetic Science, Providence University, Taichung 43301, Taiwan; E-Mails: (C.-H.Y.); (J.-Y.J)
| | - Yu-Chun Huang
- Department of Cosmetic Science, Providence University, Taichung 43301, Taiwan; E-Mails: (C.-H.Y.); (J.-Y.J)
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mails: (Y.-C.H.); (C.-S.Y.)
| | - Chung-Shan Yu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Sciences, National Tsing-Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan; E-Mails: (K.-I.L); (C.-W.H)
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mails: (Y.-C.H.); (C.-S.Y.)
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
CHIANG L, Pan S, Lo J, Yu C. Triflic Acid-Promoted Formylation of Ceramide in Dimethylformamide. CHINESE J CHEM 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.200990385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
|