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Kagkelaris K, El Mubarak MA, Plotas P, Panaretos D, Panayiotakopoulos GD, Sivolapenko GB, Georgakopoulos CD. Aqueous Humour Ofloxacin Concentration after Topical Instillation in Patients with Dry Eye Disease. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2022; 58:medicina58081031. [PMID: 36013498 PMCID: PMC9414636 DOI: 10.3390/medicina58081031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: A prospective, randomized clinical trial was conducted to evaluate the concentration of ofloxacin in the aqueous humour (AqH) of patients suffering from dry eye disease (DED) after topical instillation. Materials and Methods: Ninety-one (91) cataract patients scheduled for phacoemulsification were categorized into three groups according to DED severity. Group I (n = 17) was comprised of subjects without DED, patients in group II (n = 37) were evaluated as having non-severe DED, while group III (n = 37) consisted of patients suffering from severe DED. Preoperatively, patients received 4 drops of 0.3% of ofloxacin at 15 min intervals. One hour after the last instillation, aqueous samples were collected intraoperatively. Results: The median AqH concentration of ofloxacin in group I was 199.9 ng/mL (range 92.2−442.8 ng/mL), while in group II it was 530.5 ng/mL (range 283.7−1004.9 ng/mL), and 719.2 ng/mL (range 358.0−1512.4 ng/mL) in Group III, p < 0.001 (Kruskal-Wallis tests). Pairwise tests (two-tailed with Bonferroni corrections) between groups resulted in a p-value of 0.001 when group II was compared to group I and group III was compared to group I, and a p-value of 0.020 when group II was compared to group III. The severity of DED, across groups I, II, and III, and the levels of ofloxacin revealed a strong positive correlation (r = 0.639, p < 0.001). Conclusions: Ofloxacin concentration in the AqH after topical drop instillation may be affected by the degree of ocular surface inflammation in patients suffering from DED.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos Kagkelaris
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece;
- Pharmacology Laboratory, School of Medicine, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece;
- Correspondence:
| | - Mohamed A. El Mubarak
- Laboratory of Pharmacokinetics, Department of Pharmacy, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece; (M.A.E.M.); (G.B.S.)
| | - Panagiotis Plotas
- Lab Primary Health Care, School of Health Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece;
| | - Dimitris Panaretos
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | | | - Gregory B. Sivolapenko
- Laboratory of Pharmacokinetics, Department of Pharmacy, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece; (M.A.E.M.); (G.B.S.)
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Tahara H, Yamagiwa Y, Haranosono Y, Kurata M. In vivo comet assay in rabbit corneal epithelial cells following ocular instillation with genotoxic compounds. Genes Environ 2021; 43:11. [PMID: 33827709 PMCID: PMC8028091 DOI: 10.1186/s41021-021-00184-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The in vivo comet assay is used to evaluate the genotoxic potential of compounds by detecting DNA strand breaks in cells isolated from animal tissue. The comet assay of hepatocytes is well established; however, the levels of systemic drug exposure following systemic administration are often insufficient to evaluate the genotoxic potential of compounds on the ocular surface following ocular instillation. To investigate the possibility of using the comet assay as a genotoxic evaluation tool for the ocular surface, we performed this assay on the corneal epithelial cells of rabbit eyes 2 h after the single ocular instillation of five genotoxic compounds, namely ethidium bromide, 1,1′-dimethyl-4,4′-bipyridinium dichloride (paraquat), methyl methanesulfonate (MMS), acrylamide, and 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide (4-NQO). Results The mean % tail DNA, as an indicator of DNA damage, in the corneal epithelial cells treated with ethidium bromide, MMS, and 4-NQO exhibited statistically significant increases compared with those in the negative controls (saline or 5 % dimethyl sulfoxide in saline). However, paraquat and acrylamide did not increase the mean % tail DNA, presumably because of the high antioxidant levels and low cytochrome P450 levels present in the corneal epithelium, respectively. Conclusions The comet assay was able to detect genotoxic potential on the ocular surface following ocular instillation with genotoxic compounds. The study findings indicate that the in vivo comet assay may provide a useful tool for assessing the genotoxicity of compounds topically administrated on the ocular surface under mimicking clinical condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haruna Tahara
- Research & Development Division, Senju Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, 6-4-3, Minatojima-Minamimachi, Chuo-Ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 650-0047, Japan.
| | - Yoshinori Yamagiwa
- Research & Development Division, Senju Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, 6-4-3, Minatojima-Minamimachi, Chuo-Ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 650-0047, Japan
| | - Yu Haranosono
- Research & Development Division, Senju Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, 6-4-3, Minatojima-Minamimachi, Chuo-Ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 650-0047, Japan
| | - Masaaki Kurata
- Research & Development Division, Senju Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, 6-4-3, Minatojima-Minamimachi, Chuo-Ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 650-0047, Japan
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Tahara H, Nemoto S, Yamagiwa Y, Haranosono Y, Kurata M. Investigation of in vivo unscheduled DNA synthesis in rabbit corneas following instillation of genotoxic agents. Cutan Ocul Toxicol 2021; 40:26-36. [PMID: 33461361 DOI: 10.1080/15569527.2021.1874006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE An unscheduled DNA synthesis (UDS) test is used for in vitro or in vivo genotoxicity evaluation. The UDS test with hepatocytes is well established; however, drug exposure levels at the application site for topically administered drugs (e.g. ophthalmic drugs) often exceed the exposure levels for systemic administration. To establish in vivo genotoxicity on the ocular surface, we performed the UDS test using rabbit corneas from eyes subjected to instillation of genotoxic agents. MATERIALS AND METHODS Five genotoxic agents - 1,1'-dimethyl-4,4'-bipyridinium dichloride (paraquat); acridine orange; ethidium bromide; acrylamide; and 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide (4-NQO) - were instilled once onto both eyes of male Japanese white rabbits. Physiological saline or a general vehicle for ophthalmic solution were instilled as the negative controls. Dimethyl sulfoxide was instilled as the vehicle control. Isolated corneas were incubated with tritium-labelled thymidine and the number of sparsely labelled cells (SLCs, cells undergoing UDS) was counted by autoradiography. RESULTS Statistically significant increases in the mean appearance rates of SLCs in the corneal epithelium were noted in paraquat-, acridine orange-, ethidium bromide-, and 4-NQO-treated eyes compared with those of the controls. These increases generally appeared in a dose-dependent manner. Acrylamide did not induce an increase in the mean appearance rates of SLCs, presumably because it caused the generation of fewer metabolites in the cornea. CONCLUSIONS UDS tests revealed DNA damage in the cornea epitheliums treated with well-known genotoxic agents. These results suggest that the UDS test is one of the useful tools for the assessment of in vivo genotoxicity on the ocular surface in the development of ophthalmic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haruna Tahara
- Research & Development Division, Senju Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Shingo Nemoto
- Research & Development Division, Senju Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Yamagiwa
- Research & Development Division, Senju Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Yu Haranosono
- Research & Development Division, Senju Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Masaaki Kurata
- Research & Development Division, Senju Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
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Tahara H, Sadamoto K, Yamagiwa Y, Nemoto S, Kurata M. Investigation of comet assays under conditions mimicking ocular instillation administration in a three-dimensional reconstructed human corneal epithelial model. Cutan Ocul Toxicol 2019; 38:375-383. [PMID: 31223032 DOI: 10.1080/15569527.2019.1634580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: A comet assay is one of the genotoxicity methods for evaluating the potential of chemicals to induce DNA strand breaks. To investigate the usefulness of comet assays for evaluating the genotoxic potential of ophthalmic solutions, a three-dimensional (3D) reconstructed human corneal epithelial model (3D corneal model) was exposed to conditions mimicking topical ocular instillation administration. Methods: The 3D corneal model was exposed to acridine orange, ethidium bromide, hydrogen peroxide, 1,1'-dimethyl-4,4'-bipyridinium dichloride (paraquat), 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide (4-NQO), acrylamide and methyl methanesulfonate (MMS). To mimic the ocular surface condition to which ophthalmic solutions are administered, the exposure time was set to 1 minute. Likewise, human corneal epithelial (HCE-T) cells, as monolayer cultured cells, were exposed to the same chemicals, for comparison. Results: In the 3D corneal model, the amount of DNA fragments was statistically significantly increased in cells treated with each of the test chemicals except acrylamide. In HCE-T cells, the amount of DNA fragments was statistically significantly increased in acridine orange-, ethidium bromide-, hydrogen peroxide-, 4-NQO- and MMS-treated cells but not in paraquat- or acrylamide-treated cells. In the 3D corneal model, the lowest concentrations at which we observed DNA damage were about 100 times higher than the concentrations in HCE-T cells. Since the 3D corneal model is morphologically similar to human corneal tissue, form a multilayer and having tight junctions, it may be that the test chemicals only permeated about 1% into the 3D corneal model. Conclusion: These results suggest that the comet assay using 3D cell culture models may reflect in vivo conditions better than do monolayer cultured cells, and that the comet assay may be useful for the evaluation of genotoxic potential of topical ophthalmic solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haruna Tahara
- Research and Development Division, Senju Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd , Kobe , Hyogo , Japan
| | - Kazuyo Sadamoto
- Research and Development Division, Senju Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd , Kobe , Hyogo , Japan
| | - Yoshinori Yamagiwa
- Research and Development Division, Senju Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd , Kobe , Hyogo , Japan
| | - Shingo Nemoto
- Research and Development Division, Senju Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd , Kobe , Hyogo , Japan
| | - Masaaki Kurata
- Research and Development Division, Senju Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd , Kobe , Hyogo , Japan
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Lamminsalo M, Taskinen E, Karvinen T, Subrizi A, Murtomäki L, Urtti A, Ranta VP. Extended Pharmacokinetic Model of the Rabbit Eye for Intravitreal and Intracameral Injections of Macromolecules: Quantitative Analysis of Anterior and Posterior Elimination Pathways. Pharm Res 2018; 35:153. [DOI: 10.1007/s11095-018-2435-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Mori A, Yabuta C, Kishimoto Y, Kozai S, Ohtori A, Shearer TR, Azuma M. In Silico Ocular Pharmacokinetic Modeling: Delivery of Topical FK962 to Retina. J Ocul Pharmacol Ther 2017; 33:556-566. [PMID: 28598703 DOI: 10.1089/jop.2016.0136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSES To establish the in silico ocular pharmacokinetic modeling for eye drops, and to simulate the dose regimen for FK962 in human choroid/retinal diseases. METHODS Pharmacokinetics for FK962 in vivo was performed by a single instillation of drops containing 0.1% 14C-FK962 in rabbit eyes. Permeation of FK962 across the cornea, sclera, and choroid/retina was measured in vitro. Neurite elongation by FK962 was measured in cultured rat retinal ganglion cells. Parameters from the experimental data were used in an improved in silico model of ocular pharmacokinetics of FK962 in man. RESULTS The mean concentration of FK962 in ocular tissues predicted by in silico modeling was consistent with in vivo results, validating the in silico model. FK962 rapidly penetrated into the anterior and posterior segments of the eye and then diffused into the vitreous body. The in silico pharmacokinetic modeling also predicted that a dose regimen of 0.0054% FK962 twice per day would produce biologically effective concentrations of FK962 in the choroid/retina, where FK962 facilitates rat neurite elongation. CONCLUSIONS Our in silico model for ocular pharmacokinetics is useful (1) for predicting drug concentrations in specific ocular tissues after topical instillation, and (2) for suggesting the optimal dose regimens for eye drops. The pharmacodynamics for FK962 produced by this model may be useful for clinical trials against retinal neuropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayumi Mori
- 1 Senju Laboratory, Senju Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. , Kobe, Japan
| | - Chiho Yabuta
- 1 Senju Laboratory, Senju Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. , Kobe, Japan
| | - Yayoi Kishimoto
- 1 Senju Laboratory, Senju Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. , Kobe, Japan
| | - Seiko Kozai
- 1 Senju Laboratory, Senju Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. , Kobe, Japan
| | - Akira Ohtori
- 1 Senju Laboratory, Senju Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. , Kobe, Japan
| | - Thomas R Shearer
- 2 Department of Integrative Biosciences, Oregon Health & Science University , Portland, Oregon
| | - Mitsuyoshi Azuma
- 1 Senju Laboratory, Senju Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. , Kobe, Japan .,2 Department of Integrative Biosciences, Oregon Health & Science University , Portland, Oregon
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Ling X, Xiang Y, Tang Q, Chen F, Tan X. Comparative pharmacokinetics of eight major bioactive components in normal and bacterial diarrhea mini-pigs after oral administration of Gegen Qinlian Decoction. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2017; 1044-1045:132-141. [PMID: 28107700 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2017.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2016] [Revised: 01/05/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Healthy animals are most widely used in current pharmacokinetic(PK) studies. However, neglecting the effects of specific diseases on drug absorption results in the PK parameters of those experiments not accurately reflecting in vivo drug concentration changes during treatment. In this study, an E. coli infective diarrheal minipig model was applied to explore the pharmacokinetics of Gegen Qinlian decoction (GQD). A simple and rapid ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) method was developed to determine the concentrations of the eight GQD components in minipig plasma after intragastric administration of GQD. The PK parameters of the main GQD components in normal and model minipigs after oral administration of GQD were compared. There were statistically significant differences (p<0.05) in the pharmacokinetic parameters of Puerarin, Wogonin and Daidzein involving the AUC0-t, Cmax, MRT(0-t), t1/2z between normal and model minipigs. Results showed that bacterial diarrhea had a great impact on the biological availability of the main ingredients in GQD. More importantly, the results obtained suggest that the bacterial diarrheal minipig model can be successfully applied in PK studies and may be used in other PK studies of drugs targeting intestinal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Ling
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutics, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, PR China
| | - Yuqiang Xiang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutics, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, PR China
| | - Qingfa Tang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutics, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, PR China
| | - Feilong Chen
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutics, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, PR China
| | - Xiaomei Tan
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutics, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, PR China.
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Kurata M, Atsumi I, Yamagiwa Y, Sakaki H. Ocular instillation toxicity study: current status and points to consider on study design and evaluation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.2131/fts.3.217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Masaaki Kurata
- Pharmacokinetics & Toxicology Research Laboratories, Senju Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd
| | - Ikuyo Atsumi
- Pharmacokinetics & Toxicology Research Laboratories, Senju Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd
| | - Yoshinori Yamagiwa
- Pharmacokinetics & Toxicology Research Laboratories, Senju Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd
| | - Hideyuki Sakaki
- Pharmacokinetics & Toxicology Research Laboratories, Senju Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd
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Baklayan GA, Muñoz M. The ocular distribution of (14)C-labeled bromfenac ophthalmic solution 0.07% in a rabbit model. Clin Ophthalmol 2014; 8:1717-24. [PMID: 25228788 PMCID: PMC4160328 DOI: 10.2147/opth.s66638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the ocular distribution of an advanced formulation of bromfenac ophthalmic solution. Two studies were conducted in rabbits: 1) a 12-hour parallel-group study comparing the ocular distribution of (14)C-bromfenac ophthalmic solution 0.07%, pH 7.8 with that of (14)C-bromfenac ophthalmic solution 0.09%, pH 8.3, and 2) a 24-hour study evaluating the ocular distribution of (14)C-bromfenac ophthalmic solution 0.07%, pH 7.8. METHODS In the 12-hour study, rabbits were randomized to receive 50 μL of (14)C-bromfenac 0.07%, pH 7.8 or 50 μL (14)C-bromfenac 0.09%, pH 8.3 in one eye, whereas, in the 24-hour, study both eyes received 50 μL of (14)C-bromfenac 0.07%, pH 7.8. Ocular tissues were collected at 1, 2, 4, 8, 12 (both studies) and 24 hours (second study only) following drug instillation, and tissue radioactivity was determined using liquid scintillation chromatography. RESULTS Measureable levels of bromfenac were observed in all ocular tissues, with the exception of vitreous humor, regardless of formulation. In the 12-hour study, high concentrations of (14)C-bromfenac were found in the sclera, followed by the iris/ciliary body, aqueous humor, choroid, retina, and lens. There was no significant difference between the bromfenac 0.07%, pH 7.8 and bromfenac 0.09%, pH 8.3 formulations in any (14)C-bromfenac tissue levels at any time point, with the exception of in sclera at 2 hours post-instillation (0.451 μg eq/g versus 0.302 μg eq/g, respectively, P<0.001). There was also no significant difference in the total amount of (14)C-bromfenac in the tissues evaluated following instillation of the two formulations. In the 24-hour study evaluating bromfenac 0.07%, pH 7.8 only, high concentrations of (14)C-bromfenac were found 1 hour post-instillation in the cornea (2.402 μg eq/g) and conjunctiva (1.049 μg eq/g), two tissues not evaluated in the 12-hour study. The rank order of (14)C-bromfenac levels in the other ocular tissues was the same as that observed in the 12-hour study, with measureable amounts of (14)C-bromfenac detected through 24 hours in all tissues with the exception of vitreous humor. CONCLUSION Bromfenac ophthalmic solution 0.07%, pH 7.8 readily penetrated ocular tissues with levels similar to those of bromfenac ophthalmic solution 0.09%, pH 8.3.
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Byrro RMD, de Oliveira Fulgêncio G, da Silva Cunha A, César IC, Chellini PR, Pianetti GA. Determination of ofloxacin in tear by HPLC–ESI-MS/MS method: Comparison of ophthalmic drug release between a new mucoadhesive chitosan films and a conventional eye drop formulation in rabbit model. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2012; 70:544-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2012.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2012] [Revised: 04/25/2012] [Accepted: 05/05/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Yabuta C, Oka T, Kishimoto Y, Ohtori A, Yoshimatsu A, Azuma M. Topical FK962 facilitates axonal regeneration and recovery of corneal sensitivity after flap surgery in rabbits. Am J Ophthalmol 2012; 153:651-60, 660.e1. [PMID: 22310084 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajo.2011.09.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2011] [Revised: 09/15/2011] [Accepted: 09/16/2011] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To test if the drug FK962 (N-(1-acetylpiperidin-4-yl)-4-fluorobenzamide) facilitates axonal elongation and recovery of corneal sensitivity after creation of a corneal flap in rabbits. DESIGN Animal study. METHODS Primary cultures of rabbit trigeminal ganglion cells were used to test if FK962 promoted nerve elongation in vitro. A 130 μm-thick×8.6 mm-diameter flap was created in rabbit corneas where topical 10(-6) M FK962 was administered 4 times daily. After treatment of 7 days, corneal mechanical sensitivity was measured using a Cochet-Bonnet esthesiometer. Whole-mount corneal sections were prepared, sensory nerve axons were stained with antibody for neurofilament, and axonal elongation from transected nerve termini were scored using standardized criteria. Ocular pharmacokinetics modeling was used to predict permeation of topical FK962 into cornea. RESULTS FK962 accelerated sprouting and elongation of neurites in cultured neuronal cells from rabbit trigeminal ganglia. In the in vivo rabbit model, distal axons from transected nerve termini in corneas disappeared soon after flap surgery; but with time, axons regenerated and elongated. Topical application of 10(-6) M FK962 for 7 days significantly enhanced axonal elongation and increased corneal sensitivity. Increased corneal sensitivity was directly and significantly correlated with axonal elongation, suggesting functional enhancement of re-innervation by FK962. CONCLUSIONS Results from a rabbit model of laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) surgery showed that topical FK962 facilitated corneal re-innervation leading to recovery of sensitivity. Results suggested that topical application of FK962 might decrease complications in patients after LASIK surgery.
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Shikamura Y, Ohtori A, Tojo K. Drug Penetration of the Posterior Eye Tissues after Topical Instillation: In Vivo and in Silico Simulation. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2011; 59:1263-7. [DOI: 10.1248/cpb.59.1263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuko Shikamura
- Research Laboratories, Senju Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd
- Graduate School of Computer Science and Systems Engineering, Kyushu Institute of Technology
| | - Akira Ohtori
- Research Laboratories, Senju Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd
- Laboratory of Ocular Drug Delivery System, Kyushu Institute of Technology
| | - Kakuji Tojo
- Graduate School of Computer Science and Systems Engineering, Kyushu Institute of Technology
- Laboratory of Ocular Drug Delivery System, Kyushu Institute of Technology
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