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Zhang Y, Zhang S, Li R, Shen J, Jiang X, Aisa HA. A novel synthesis of tetrahydrocortisone 3-glucuronide. J Carbohydr Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/07328303.2021.2023559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory Basis of Xinjiang Indigenous Medicinal Plants Resource Utilization, and Key Laboratory of Plant Resources and Chemistry in Arid Regions, Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Suqing Zhang
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Rui Li
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Jingshan Shen
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiangrui Jiang
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Haji A. Aisa
- State Key Laboratory Basis of Xinjiang Indigenous Medicinal Plants Resource Utilization, and Key Laboratory of Plant Resources and Chemistry in Arid Regions, Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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Honour JW, Conway E, Hodkinson R, Lam F. The evolution of methods for urinary steroid metabolomics in clinical investigations particularly in childhood. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2018; 181:28-51. [PMID: 29481855 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2018.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Revised: 02/21/2018] [Accepted: 02/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The metabolites of cortisol, and the intermediates in the pathways from cholesterol to cortisol and the adrenal sex steroids can be analysed in a single separation of steroids by gas chromatography (GC) coupled to MS to give a urinary steroid profile (USP). Steroids individually and in profile are now commonly measured in plasma by liquid chromatography (LC) coupled with MS/MS. The steroid conjugates in urine can be determined after hydrolysis and derivative formation and for the first time without hydrolysis using GC-MS, GC-MS/MS and liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The evolution of the technology, practicalities and clinical applications are examined in this review. The patterns and quantities of steroids changes through childhood. Information can be obtained on production rates, from which children with steroid excess and deficiency states can be recognised when presenting with obesity, adrenarche, adrenal suppression, hypertension, adrenal tumours, intersex condition and early puberty, as examples. Genetic defects in steroid production and action can be detected by abnormalities from the GC-MS of steroids in urine. New mechanisms of steroid synthesis and metabolism have been recognised through steroid profiling. GC with tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS) has been used for the tentative identification of unknown steroids in urine from newborn infants with congenital adrenal hyperplasia. Suggestions are made as to areas for future research and for future applications of steroid profiling. As routine hospital laboratories become more familiar with the problems of chromatographic and MS analysis they can consider steroid profiling in their test repertoire although with LC-MS/MS of urinary steroids this is unlikely to become a routine test because of the availability, cost and purity of the internal standards and the complexity of data interpretation. Steroid profiling with quantitative analysis by mass spectrometry (MS) after chromatography now provides the most versatile of tests of adrenal function in childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
- John W Honour
- Institute for Women's Health, University College London, 74 Huntley Street, London, WC1E 6AU, UK.
| | - E Conway
- Clinical Biochemistry, HSL Analytics LLP, Floor 2, 1 Mabledon Place, London, WC1H 9AX, UK
| | - R Hodkinson
- Clinical Biochemistry, HSL Analytics LLP, Floor 2, 1 Mabledon Place, London, WC1H 9AX, UK
| | - F Lam
- Clinical Biochemistry, HSL Analytics LLP, Floor 2, 1 Mabledon Place, London, WC1H 9AX, UK
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Czajkowska-Szczykowska D, Morzycki JW, Wojtkielewicz A. Pd-catalyzed steroid reactions. Steroids 2015; 97:13-44. [PMID: 25173819 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2014.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2014] [Revised: 07/07/2014] [Accepted: 07/30/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
We review the most important achievements of the last decade in the field of steroid synthesis in the presence of palladium catalysts. Various palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions, including Heck, Suzuki, Stille, Sonogashira, Negishi and others, are exemplified with steroid transformations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jacek W Morzycki
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Białystok, Hurtowa 1, 15-399 Białystok, Poland.
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Ngo AH, Adams MJ, Do LH. Selective Acceptorless Dehydrogenation and Hydrogenation by Iridium Catalysts Enabling Facile Interconversion of Glucocorticoids. Organometallics 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/om5010258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Anh H. Ngo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204, United States
| | - Michael J. Adams
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204, United States
| | - Loi H. Do
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204, United States
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Mitamura K, Satoh née Okihara R, Kamibayashi M, Sato K, Iida T, Ikegawa S. Simultaneous determination of 18 tetrahydrocorticosteroid sulfates in human urine by liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry. Steroids 2014; 85:18-29. [PMID: 24721697 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2014.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2013] [Revised: 03/24/2014] [Accepted: 03/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
A liquid chromatography (LC)/electrospray ionization (ESI)-mass spectrometry (MS) method for the direct determination of eighteen tetrahydrocorticosteroid sulfates in human urine has been developed. The analytes were 3- and 21-monosulfates and 3,21-disulfates of tetrahydrocortisol (THF), tetrahydrocortisone (THE), tetrahydro-11-deoxycortisol (THS), and their corresponding 5α-H stereoisomers. The mass spectrometric behavior of these sulfates in negative-ion ESI-MS/MS revealed the production of intense structure specific product ions within the same group of sulfates and permitted distinction between regioisomeric sulfates by collision-induced fragmentation with the MS/MS technique using a linear ion-trap instrument. For the quantitative analysis, selected reaction monitoring analysis in the negative-ion detection mode using triple-stage quadrupole mass spectrometer was performed by monitoring transitions from [M-H](-) to the most abundant product ion of each tetrahydrocorticosteroid sulfate. After addition of 3- and 21-monosulfates of [2,2,3β,4,4-d5]-THF, -THE, and -THS as internal standards, urine sample was applied to a solid phase extraction using a lipophilic-weak anion exchange cartridge column, and then analyzed by LC/ESI-MS/MS. The method had satisfactory performance in terms of intra- and inter-assay precision (less than 9.7% and 9.6%, respectively), and accuracy (91.2-108.2%). The limit of quantification was lower than 2.5 ng/mL for all sulfates examined. We applied this method to determine the concentration of eighteen tetrahydrocorticosteroid sulfates in the urine of healthy subjects. Thus, we have developed a sensitive, precise and accurate assay for urinary tetrahydrocorticosteroid sulfates that should be useful for clinical and biological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuniko Mitamura
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kinki University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashi-osaka 577-8502, Japan.
| | - Rika Satoh née Okihara
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kinki University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashi-osaka 577-8502, Japan; Department of Chemistry, College of Humanities & Sciences, Nihon University, 3-25-40 Sakurajosui, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 156-8550, Japan
| | - Mami Kamibayashi
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kinki University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashi-osaka 577-8502, Japan
| | - Kanta Sato
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kinki University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashi-osaka 577-8502, Japan
| | - Takashi Iida
- Department of Chemistry, College of Humanities & Sciences, Nihon University, 3-25-40 Sakurajosui, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 156-8550, Japan
| | - Shigeo Ikegawa
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kinki University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashi-osaka 577-8502, Japan
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Ikegawa S. [Detailed characterization of bile acid and glucocorticoid world by mass spectrometry]. YAKUGAKU ZASSHI 2013; 133:661-79. [PMID: 23728093 DOI: 10.1248/yakushi.13-00099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry for 2002 was shared by John B. Fenn and Koichi Tanaka "for their development of soft desorption methods for mass spectrometric analyses of biological macromolecules". Indeed, electrospray ionization and soft laser desorption ionization have proved to be of great value in "omics", such as metabolomics, transcriptomics and proteomics in providing a systematic and quantitative approach to the study of biological systems and networks. Moreover, these techniques have made great contributions to metabolic studies that are used for development of new drugs, as well as to the diagnosis of diseases including cancer based on the specific and sensitive detection of molecular biomarkers. In this article, we describe our recent results on characterization of bile acid metabolism in hepatobiliary disease as well as measurement of conjugated urinary tetrahydrocorticosteroids for assessment of altered corticoid metabolism in endocrine disease and the metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigeo Ikegawa
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kinki University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashi-osaka, Osaka 577-8502, Japan.
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Ramachary DB, Sakthidevi R, Reddy PS. Direct organocatalytic stereoselective transfer hydrogenation of conjugated olefins of steroids. RSC Adv 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra41519h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
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Mitamura K, Mabuchi T, Nagae K, Nakajima M, Matsumoto R, Fujioka S, Sato K, Satoh née Okihara R, Iida T, Ogawa S, Hofmann AF, Ikegawa S. Synthesis of multiply deuterated 3- and 21-monosulfates of allo-tetrahydrocorticosteroids as internal standards for mass spectrometry. Steroids 2012; 77:1423-37. [PMID: 22960650 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2012.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2012] [Revised: 08/20/2012] [Accepted: 08/24/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The accurate analysis of trace components in complex biological matrices requires the use of reliable internal standards. For liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry analysis, the stable isotope-labeled analogues of the analyte molecules are the most appropriate internal standards. In this paper the synthesis of the 3- and 21-monosulfates of allo-tetrahydrocorticosteroids labeled with four or five deuterium atoms is described. The principal reactions used were (1) hydrogen-deuterium exchange reaction of active methylene groups adjacent to 3- and 11-oxo group of 17,20;20,21-bismethylenedioxy derivatives of 5α-3-ketosteroids and/or 5α-11-ketosteroids with NaOD in CH(3)OD followed by reduction with NaBD(4), (2) epimerization of the 3β-hydroxy group into a 3α configuration, (3) sulfation of hydroxy groups at C-3 or C-21 in the resulting substrates with sulfur trioxide-trimethylamine complex, and (4) removal of 17,20;20,21-bismethylenedioxy groups with hydrogen fluoride in ethanol. Isotopic purity was found to be satisfactory by MS, and NMR properties of the new compounds were tabulated. The labeled compounds can be used as internal standards in liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry assays for clinical and biochemical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuniko Mitamura
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kinki University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashi-osaka 577-8502, Japan
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Ikegawa S, Nagae K, Mabuchi T, Okihara R, Hasegawa M, Minematsu T, Iida T, Mitamura K. Synthesis of 3- and 21-monosulfates of [2,2,3β,4,4-²H₅]-tetrahydrocorticosteroids in the 5β-series as internal standards for mass spectrometry. Steroids 2011; 76:1232-40. [PMID: 21729711 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2011.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2011] [Revised: 05/25/2011] [Accepted: 05/30/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The 3- and 21-monosulfates of pentadeuterated 5β-tetrahydrocorticosteroides were synthesized, starting from cortisol and 11-deoxycotisol. The principal reactions used were (1) perdeuteration of the methylene groups adjacent to the 3-oxo group of 17,20:20,21-bismethylendioxy-5β-3-ketosteroids with NaOD in CH(3)OD followed by stereoselective reduction with NaBD(4), (2) sulfation of hydroxy groups with sulfur trioxide-trimethylamine complex, and (3) removal of the 17,20:20,21-bismethylendioxy group with hydrogen fluoride. The labeled compounds can be used as internal standards in liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry assays for clinical and biochemical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigeo Ikegawa
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kinki University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashi-osaka 577-8502, Japan.
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