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Akamatsu K, Satoh K, Shikazono N, Saito T. Proximity Estimation and Quantification of Ionizing Radiation-induced DNA Lesions in Aqueous Media using Fluorescence Spectroscopy. Radiat Res 2024; 201:150-159. [PMID: 38155317 DOI: 10.1667/rade-23-00145.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
Clustered DNA damage (cluster) or a multiply damaged site, which is a region with two or more lesions within one or two helical turns, has a high mutagenic potential and causes cell death. We quantified fluorophore-labeled lesions and estimated their proximity through fluorescence anisotropy measurements depending on Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) among the fluorophores close to each other. pUC19 plasmid DNA (2,686 base pairs) dissolved in water or 0.2 M Tris-HCl buffer at a concentration of 10 μg/μL was irradiated by several ionizing radiations with varying linear energy transfers (LET, 0.2-1890 keV/μm). Electrophilic carbonyls (aldehydes and ketones) at abasic sites (APs) produced in DNA were labeled with Alexa Fluor 488 fluorescent dyes with an O-amino functional group. Regardless of the presence or absence of the buffer, AP yields (the number of APs/base pair/Gy) tended to decrease with increasing LET, and the ratio of the AP yield (in 0.2 M Tris-HCl/in water) was less than 0.1 in the LET range of 0.2-200 keV/μm. However, in a higher LET range, the ratios were greater than 0.1. At a low dose, fluorescence anisotropy decreased with increasing LET in 0.2 M Tris-HCl, whereas, in water, this LET dependence was almost insignificant. These findings suggest that 1. the damage distribution on a DNA molecule formed by indirect effects (e.g., by hydroxyl radicals) does not depend on radiation quality and 2. greater LET radiation is more likely to produce a cluster and/or to produce a cluster with shorter distances between lesions by direct effects. This FRET-based proximity estimation of DNA lesions will contribute not only to the identification of clusters and their complexity in a whole genome, but also to the study of their repair mechanism by single-molecular level fluorescence microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken Akamatsu
- Institute for Quantum Life Science, Quantum Life and Medical Science Directorate, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology (QST), 8-1-7 Umemidai, Kizugawa, Kyoto 619-0215, Japan
| | - Katsuya Satoh
- Institute for Quantum Life Science, Quantum Life and Medical Science Directorate, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology (QST), 8-1-7 Umemidai, Kizugawa, Kyoto 619-0215, Japan
| | - Naoya Shikazono
- Institute for Quantum Life Science, Quantum Life and Medical Science Directorate, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology (QST), 8-1-7 Umemidai, Kizugawa, Kyoto 619-0215, Japan
| | - Takeshi Saito
- Division of Radiation Life Science, Institute for Integrated Radiation and Nuclear Science, Kyoto University, 2 Asashiro-Nishi, Kumatori, Sennan, Osaka 590-0494, Japan
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2
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Ueno M, Shibata S, Nakanishi I, Aoki I, Yamada KI, Matsumoto KI. Effects of selenium deficiency on biological results of X-ray and carbon-ion beam irradiation in mice. J Clin Biochem Nutr 2023; 72:107-116. [PMID: 36936873 PMCID: PMC10017320 DOI: 10.3164/jcbn.22-57] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The impact of radiation-induced hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) on the biological effects of X-rays and carbon-ion beams was investigated using a selenium-deficient (SeD) mouse model. Selenium is the active center of glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and SeD mice lack the ability to degrade H2O2. Male and female SeD mice were prepared by feeding a torula yeast-based SeD diet and ultrapure water. Thirty-day survival rates after whole-body irradiation, radiation-induced leg contracture, and MRI-based redox imaging of the brain were assessed and compared between SeD and normal mice. Thirty-day lethality after whole-body 5.6 Gy irradiation with X-rays or carbon-ion beams was higher in the SeD mice than in the normal mice, while SeD did not give the notable difference between X-rays and carbon-ion beams. SeD also did not affect the maximum leg contracture level after irradiation with carbon-ion beams, but delayed the leg contraction rate. In addition, no marked effects of SeD were observed on variations in the redox status of the brain after irradiation. Collectively, the present results indicate that SeD slightly altered the biological effects of X-rays and/or carbon-ion beams. GSH-Px processes endogenous H2O2 generated through mitochondrial respiration, but does not have the capacity to degrade H2O2 produced by irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megumi Ueno
- Quantitative RedOx Sensing Group, Department of Radiation Regulatory Science Research, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Quantum Life and Medical Science Directorate, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Sayaka Shibata
- Applied MRI Research Group, Department of Molecular Imaging and Theranostics, Institute for Quantum Medical Science, Quantum Life and Medical Science Directorate, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Ikuo Nakanishi
- Quantum RedOx Chemistry Team, Institute for Quantum Life Science, Quantum Life and Medical Science Directorate, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Ichio Aoki
- Institute for Quantum Medical Science, Quantum Life and Medical Science Directorate, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Ken-ichi Yamada
- Physical Chemistry for Life Science Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Ken-ichiro Matsumoto
- Quantitative RedOx Sensing Group, Department of Radiation Regulatory Science Research, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Quantum Life and Medical Science Directorate, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail:
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3
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Okazaki Y, Ito N, Tanaka H, Hori M, Toyokuni S. Non-thermal plasma elicits ferrous chloride-catalyzed DMPO-OH. Free Radic Res 2022; 56:595-606. [PMID: 36519277 DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2022.2157272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Non-thermal plasma (NTP) induces the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species, such as hydroxyl radicals (•OH), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), singlet oxygen, superoxide, ozone, and nitric oxide, at near-physiological temperatures. These molecules promote blood coagulation, wound healing, disinfection, and selective cancer cell death. Based on these evidences, clinical trials of NTP have been conducted for treating chronic wounds and head and neck cancers. Although clinical applications have progressed, the stoichiometric quantification of NTP-induced ROS remains unclear in the liquid phase in the presence of FeCl2 or FeCl3 in combination with biocompatible reducing agents, which may modulate the final biological effects of NTP. In this study, we employed electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy to quantify ROS using spin-trapping probe, 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline-N-oxide (DMPO) and H2O2, using luminescent probe in the presence of FeCl2 or FeCl3. NTP-induced DMPO-OH levels were elevated 10-100 µM FeCl2 or 500 and 1000 µM FeCl3. NTP-induced DMPO-OH with 10 µM FeCl2 or FeCl3 was significantly scavenged by ascorbate, α-tocopherol, dithiothreitol, reduced glutathione, or oxidized glutathione, whereas dehydroascorbate was ineffective in 2 mM DMPO. NTP-induced H2O2 was significantly degraded by 100 µM FeCl2 and FeCl3 in an iron-dependent manner. Meanwhile, decomposition of H2O2 by catalase decayed DMPO-OH efficiently in the presence of iron, indicating iron causes DMPO-OH production and degradation simultaneously. These results suggest that NTP-induced DMPO-OH is generated by the H2O2-consuming, iron-dependent Fenton reaction and ferryl intermediates. The potential iron-mediated ROS production by NTP is also discussed to clarify the interaction between NTP-induced ROS and biomolecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasumasa Okazaki
- Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Nanami Ito
- Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hiromasa Tanaka
- Center for Low-temperature Plasma Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan.,Center for Advanced Medicine and Clinical Research, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Masaru Hori
- Center for Low-temperature Plasma Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Shinya Toyokuni
- Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan.,Center for Low-temperature Plasma Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
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4
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Importance of Locations of Iron Ions to Elicit Cytotoxicity Induced by a Fenton-Type Reaction. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14153642. [PMID: 35892902 PMCID: PMC9332836 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14153642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The impact of the site of the Fenton reaction, i.e., hydroxyl radical (•OH) generation, on cytotoxicity was investigated by estimating cell lethality in rat thymocytes. Cells were incubated with ferrous sulfate (FeSO4) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), or pre-incubated with FeSO4 and then H2O2 was added after medium was replaced to remove iron ions or after the medium was not replaced. Cell lethality in rat thymocytes was estimated by measuring cell sizes using flow cytometry. High extracellular concentrations of FeSO4 exerted protective effects against H2O2-induced cell death instead of enhancing cell lethality. The pre-incubation of cells with FeSO4 enhanced cell lethality induced by H2O2, whereas a pre-incubation with a high concentration of FeSO4 exerted protective effects. FeSO4 distributed extracellularly or on the surface of cells neutralized H2O2 outside cells. Cytotoxicity was only enhanced when the Fenton reaction, i.e., the generation of •OH, occurred inside cells. An assessment of plasmid DNA breakage showed that •OH induced by the Fenton reaction system did not break DNA. Therefore, the main target of intracellularly generated •OH does not appear to be DNA.
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5
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Matsumoto KI, Ueno M, Shoji Y, Nakanishi I. Estimation of the Local Concentration of the Markedly Dense Hydroxyl Radical Generation Induced by X-rays in Water. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27030592. [PMID: 35163857 PMCID: PMC8840408 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27030592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The linear-density (number of molecules on an arbitrary distance) of X-ray-induced markedly dense hydroxyl radicals (•OH) in water was estimated based on EPR spin-trapping measurement. A lower (0.13 mM-2.3 M) concentration series of DMPO water solutions and higher (1.7-6.0 M) concentration series of DMPO water solutions plus neat DMPO liquid (8.8 M as DMPO) were irradiated with 32 Gy of X-rays. Then, the yield of DMPO-OH in DMPO water solutions and the total spin-adduct of DMPO in neat DMPO were quantified. For the higher concentration DMPO series, the EPR peak area was estimated by double integration, and the baseline correction of the integral spectrum is necessary for accurate estimation of the peak area. The preparation of a suitable standard sample corresponding to the electric permittivity according to DMPO concentration was quite important for quantification of DMPO-OH, especially in DMPO concentration beyond 2 M. The linear-density of •OH generation in water by X-ray irradiation was estimated from the inflection point on the plot of the DMPO-OH yield versus DMPO linear-density. The linear-density of X-ray-induced markedly dense •OH was estimated as 1168 μm-1, which was converted to 0.86 nm as the intermolecular distance and 2.6 M as the local concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken-ichiro Matsumoto
- Quantitative RedOx Sensing Group, Department of Radiation Regulatory Science Research, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Quantum Life and Medical Science Directorate, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba-shi 263-8555, Chiba, Japan; (M.U.); (Y.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-43-206-3123
| | - Megumi Ueno
- Quantitative RedOx Sensing Group, Department of Radiation Regulatory Science Research, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Quantum Life and Medical Science Directorate, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba-shi 263-8555, Chiba, Japan; (M.U.); (Y.S.)
| | - Yoshimi Shoji
- Quantitative RedOx Sensing Group, Department of Radiation Regulatory Science Research, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Quantum Life and Medical Science Directorate, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba-shi 263-8555, Chiba, Japan; (M.U.); (Y.S.)
- Quantum RedOx Chemistry Group, Institute for Quantum Life Science, Quantum Life and Medical Science Directorate, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba-shi 263-8555, Chiba, Japan;
| | - Ikuo Nakanishi
- Quantum RedOx Chemistry Group, Institute for Quantum Life Science, Quantum Life and Medical Science Directorate, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba-shi 263-8555, Chiba, Japan;
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6
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Makino Y, Ueno M, Shoji Y, Nyui M, Nakanishi I, Fukui K, Matsumoto KI. Simplifying quantitative measurement of free radical species using an X-band EPR spectrometer. J Clin Biochem Nutr 2022; 70:213-221. [PMID: 35692674 PMCID: PMC9130060 DOI: 10.3164/jcbn.21-83] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The quantitative measurement of free radicals in liquid using an X-band electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) was systematized. Quantification of free radicals by EPR requires a standard sample that contains a known spin amount/concentration. When satisfactory reproducibility of the sample material, volume, shape, and positioning in the cavity for EPR measurements can be guaranteed, a sample tested and a standard can be directly compared and the process of quantification can be simplified. The purpose of this study was to simplify manual quantitative EPR measurement. A suitable sample volume for achieving a stable EPR intensity was estimated. The effects of different solvents on the EPR sensitivity were compared. The stability and reproducibility of the EPR intensity of standard nitroxyl radical solutions were compared among different types of sample tubes. When the sample tubes, sample volumes, and/or solvents were the same, the EPR intensity was reproduced with an error of 2% or less for μM samples. The quantified sample and the standard sample in the same solvent and the same volume drawn into the same sample tube was able to be directly compared. The standard sample for quantification should be measured just before or after every daily experiment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Makino
- Molecular Cell Biology Laboratory, Systems Engineering and Science, Graduate School of Engineering and Science, Shibaura Institute of Technology
| | - Megumi Ueno
- Quantitative RedOx Sensing Group, Department of Radiation Regulatory Science Research, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Quantum Life and Medical Science Directorate, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology
| | - Yoshimi Shoji
- Quantum RedOx Chemistry Group, Institute for Quantum Life Science, Quantum Life and Medical Science Directorate, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology
| | - Minako Nyui
- Quantitative RedOx Sensing Group, Department of Radiation Regulatory Science Research, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Quantum Life and Medical Science Directorate, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology
| | - Ikuo Nakanishi
- Quantum RedOx Chemistry Group, Institute for Quantum Life Science, Quantum Life and Medical Science Directorate, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology
| | - Koji Fukui
- Molecular Cell Biology Laboratory, Systems Engineering and Science, Graduate School of Engineering and Science, Shibaura Institute of Technology
| | - Ken-ichiro Matsumoto
- Quantitative RedOx Sensing Group, Department of Radiation Regulatory Science Research, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Quantum Life and Medical Science Directorate, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology
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7
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Anzai K. [Generation, Detection and Bio-protection of Reactive Oxygen Species/Free Radicals]. YAKUGAKU ZASSHI 2021; 141:1359-1372. [PMID: 34853208 DOI: 10.1248/yakushi.21-00164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In the present paper, generation, detection and protection of reactive oxygen species (ROS)/free radicals in relation to the author's research over about 20 years are reviewed. ROS/free radicals are generally generated physically, chemically and biologically, and they are harmful to living organisms by inducing various disorders and diseases. To prevent the harmful effects of ROS/free radicals, antioxidants are believed to be useful. Among many methods to detect ROS/free radicals, ESR technique is a direct method and is described in detail in this review. Several topics such as the production of ROS/free radicals by low temperature atmospheric pressure plasma, the evaluation of antioxidant activity using hemolysis of erythrocytes and the protective effects of antioxidants against X-ray induced damage to mice, are presented.
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Matsumoto KI, Nakanishi I, Abe Y, Sato S, Kohno R, Sakata D, Mizushima K, Lee SH, Inaniwa T. Effects of loading a magnetic field longitudinal to the linear particle-beam track on yields of reactive oxygen species in water. Free Radic Res 2021; 55:547-555. [PMID: 34569399 DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2021.1970151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The effects of a magnetic field longitudinal to the ion beam track on the generation of hydroxyl radicals (•OH) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in water were investigated. A longitudinal magnetic field was reported to enhance the biological effects of the ion beam. However, the mechanism of the increased cell death by a longitudinal magnetic field has not been clarified. The local density of •OH generation was estimated by a method based on the EPR spin-trapping. A series of reaction mixtures containing varying concentrations (0.76‒2278 mM) of DMPO was irradiated by 16 Gy of carbon- or iron-ion beams at the Heavy-Ion Medical Accelerator in Chiba (HIMAC, NIRS/QST, Chiba, Japan) with or without a longitudinal magnetic field (0.0, 0.3, or 0.6 T). The DMPO-OH yield in the sample solutions was measured by X-band EPR and plotted versus DMPO density. O2-dependent and O2-independent H2O2 yields were measured. An aliquot of ultra-pure water was irradiated by carbon-ion beams with or without a longitudinal magnetic field. Irradiation experiments were performed under air or hypoxic conditions. H2O2 generation in irradiated water samples was quantified by an EPR spin-trapping, which measures •OH synthesized from H2O2 by UVB irradiation. Relatively sparse •OH generation caused by particle beams in water were not affected by loading a magnetic field on the beam track. O2-dependent H2O2 generation decreased and oxygen-independent H2O2 generation increased after loading a magnetic field parallel to the beam track. Loading a magnetic field to the beam track made •OH generation denser or made dense •OH more reactive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken-Ichiro Matsumoto
- Quantitative RedOx Sensing Group, Department of Radiation Regulatory Science Research, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Quantum Life and Medical Science Directorate, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba-shi, Japan
| | - Ikuo Nakanishi
- Quantum RedOx Chemistry Group, Institute for Quantum Life Science, Quantum Life and Medical Science Directorate, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba-shi, Japan
| | - Yasushi Abe
- Department of Accelerator and Medical Physics, Institute for Quantum Medical Science, Quantum Life and Medical Science Directorate, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba-shi, Japan
| | - Shinji Sato
- Department of Accelerator and Medical Physics, Institute for Quantum Medical Science, Quantum Life and Medical Science Directorate, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba-shi, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Kohno
- Department of Accelerator and Medical Physics, Institute for Quantum Medical Science, Quantum Life and Medical Science Directorate, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba-shi, Japan
| | - Dousatsu Sakata
- Department of Accelerator and Medical Physics, Institute for Quantum Medical Science, Quantum Life and Medical Science Directorate, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba-shi, Japan
| | - Kota Mizushima
- Department of Accelerator and Medical Physics, Institute for Quantum Medical Science, Quantum Life and Medical Science Directorate, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba-shi, Japan
| | - Sung Hyun Lee
- Department of Accelerator and Medical Physics, Institute for Quantum Medical Science, Quantum Life and Medical Science Directorate, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba-shi, Japan
| | - Taku Inaniwa
- Quantitative RedOx Sensing Group, Department of Radiation Regulatory Science Research, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Quantum Life and Medical Science Directorate, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba-shi, Japan
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9
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Matsumoto KI, Ueno M, Nyui M, Shoji Y, Nakanishi I. Effects of LET on oxygen-dependent and-independent generation of hydrogen peroxide in water irradiated by carbon-ion beams. Free Radic Res 2021; 55:714-719. [PMID: 34519601 DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2021.1915489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Linear energy transfer (LET) dependence of yields of O2-dependent and O2-independent hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in water irradiated by ionizing radiation was investigated. The radiation-induced hydroxyl radical (•OH) generation in an aqueous solution was reported to occur in two different localization densities, the milli-molar (relatively sparse) and/or molar (markedly-dense) levels. In the milli-molar-level •OH generation atmosphere, •OH generated at a molecular distance of ∼7 nm are likely unable to interact. However, in the molar-level •OH generation atmosphere, several •OH were generated with a molecular distance of 1 nm or less, and two •OH can react to directly make H2O2. An aliquot of ultra-pure water was irradiated by 290-MeV/nucleon carbon-ion beams at the Heavy-Ion Medical Accelerator in Chiba (HIMAC, NIRS/QST, Chiba, Japan). Irradiation experiments were performed under aerobic or hypoxic (<0.5% oxygen) conditions, and several LET conditions (13, 20, 40, 60, 80, or >100 keV/μm). H2O2 generation in irradiated samples was estimated by three methods. The amount of H2O2 generated per dose was estimated and compared. O2-independent H2O2 generation, i.e. H2O2 generation under hypoxic conditions, increased with increasing LET. On the other hand, the O2-dependent H2O2 generation, i.e. subtraction of H2O2 generation under hypoxic conditions from H2O2 generation under aerobic conditions, decreased with increasing LET. This suggests that the markedly-dense •OH generation is positively correlated with LET. High-LET beams generate H2O2 in an oxygen-independent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken-Ichiro Matsumoto
- Quantitative RedOx Sensing Group, Department of Radiation Regulatory Science Research, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Quantum Life and Medical Science Directorate, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba-shi, Chiba, Japan
| | - Megumi Ueno
- Quantitative RedOx Sensing Group, Department of Radiation Regulatory Science Research, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Quantum Life and Medical Science Directorate, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba-shi, Chiba, Japan
| | - Minako Nyui
- Quantitative RedOx Sensing Group, Department of Radiation Regulatory Science Research, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Quantum Life and Medical Science Directorate, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba-shi, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yoshimi Shoji
- Quantitative RedOx Sensing Group, Department of Radiation Regulatory Science Research, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Quantum Life and Medical Science Directorate, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba-shi, Chiba, Japan.,Quantum RedOx Chemistry Group, Institute for Quantum Life Science, Quantum Life and Medical Science Directorate, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba-shi, Chiba, Japan
| | - Ikuo Nakanishi
- Quantum RedOx Chemistry Group, Institute for Quantum Life Science, Quantum Life and Medical Science Directorate, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba-shi, Chiba, Japan
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10
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Okazaki Y, Tanaka H, Matsumoto KI, Hori M, Toyokuni S. Non-thermal plasma-induced DMPO-OH yields hydrogen peroxide. Arch Biochem Biophys 2021; 705:108901. [PMID: 33964248 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2021.108901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Recent developments in electronics have enabled the medical applications of non-thermal plasma (NTP), which elicits reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS), such as hydroxyl radical (●OH), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), singlet oxygen (1O2), superoxide (O2●-), ozone, and nitric oxide at near-physiological temperatures. In preclinical studies or human clinical trials, NTP promotes blood coagulation, eradication of bacterial, viral and biofilm-related infections, wound healing, and cancer cell death. To elucidate the solution-phase biological effects of NTP in the presence of biocompatible reducing agents, we employed electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy to quantify ●OH using a spin-trapping probe, 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline-N-oxide (DMPO); 1O2 using a fluorescent probe; and O2●- and H2O2 using luminescent probes in the presence of thiols or tempol. NTP-induced ●OH was significantly scavenged by dithiothreitol (DTT), reduced glutathione (GSH), and oxidized glutathione (GSSG) in 2 or 5 mM DMPO. NTP-induced O2●- was significantly scavenged by 10 μM DTT and GSH, while 1O2 was not efficiently scavenged by these compounds. GSSG degraded H2O2 more effectively than GSH and DTT, suggesting that the disulfide bonds reacted with H2O2. In the presence of 1-50 mM DMPO, NTP-induced H2O2 quantities were unchanged. The inhibitory effect of tempol concentration (50 and 100 μM) on H2O2 production was observed in 1 and 10 mM DMPO, whereas it became ineffective in 50 mM DMPO. Furthermore, DMPO-OH did not interact with tempol. These results suggest that DMPO and tempol react competitively with O2●-. Further studies are warranted to elucidate the interaction between NTP-induced ROS and biomolecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasumasa Okazaki
- Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Showa-Ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan.
| | - Hiromasa Tanaka
- Center for Low-temperature Plasma Sciences, Nagoya University, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8603, Japan; Center for Advanced Medicine and Clinical Research, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Showa-Ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichiro Matsumoto
- Quantitative RedOx Sensing Group, Department of Radiation Regulatory Science Research, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Quantum Life and Medical Science Directorate, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, 263-8555, Japan
| | - Masaru Hori
- Center for Low-temperature Plasma Sciences, Nagoya University, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8603, Japan
| | - Shinya Toyokuni
- Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Showa-Ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan; Center for Low-temperature Plasma Sciences, Nagoya University, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8603, Japan.
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11
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Matsumoto KI, Ueno M, Shoji Y, Nakanishi I. Heavy-ion beam-induced reactive oxygen species and redox reactions. Free Radic Res 2021; 55:450-460. [PMID: 33729087 DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2021.1899171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Quantification and local density estimation of radiation-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) were described focusing on our recent and related studies. Charged particle radiation, i.e. heavy-ion beams, are currently utilized for medical treatment. Differences in ROS generation properties between photon and charged particle radiation may lead to differences in the quality of radiation. Radiation-induced generation of ROS in water was quantified using several different approaches to electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) techniques. Two different densities of localized hydroxyl radical (•OH) generation, i.e. milli-molar and molar levels, were described. Yields of sparse •OH decreased with increasing linear energy transfer (LET), the yield total •OH was not affected by LET. In the high-density, molar level, •OH environment, •OH can react and directly make hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and then possible to form a high-density H2O2 cluster. The amount of total oxidation reactions caused by oxidative ROS, such as •OH and hydroperoxyl radial (HO2•), was decreased with increasing LET. Possibilities of the sequential reactions were discussed based on the initial localized density at the generated site. Water-induced ROS have been well investigated. However, little is known about radiation-induced free radical generation in lipidic conditions. Radio-chemistry to understand the sequential radio-biological effects is still under development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken-Ichiro Matsumoto
- Quantitative RedOx Sensing Group, Department of Basic Medical Sciences for Radiation Damages, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Quantum Medical Science Directorate, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | - Megumi Ueno
- Quantitative RedOx Sensing Group, Department of Basic Medical Sciences for Radiation Damages, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Quantum Medical Science Directorate, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yoshimi Shoji
- Quantitative RedOx Sensing Group, Department of Basic Medical Sciences for Radiation Damages, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Quantum Medical Science Directorate, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | - Ikuo Nakanishi
- Quantitative RedOx Sensing Group, Department of Basic Medical Sciences for Radiation Damages, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Quantum Medical Science Directorate, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
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12
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Ueno M, Nakanishi I, Matsumoto KI. Inhomogeneous generation of hydroxyl radicals in hydrogen peroxide solution induced by ultraviolet irradiation and in a Fenton reaction system. Free Radic Res 2020; 55:481-489. [PMID: 32896187 DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2020.1819995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The density of hydroxyl radical (•OH) generation by degeneration of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) during UVB irradiation and in a Fenton reaction system was estimated. The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether these reaction systems generate spatially uniform or inhomogeneous •OH from H2O2 in the reaction mixture. A series of 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline-N-oxide (DMPO) solutions of several concentrations (0.13‒1661 mM) were prepared. For UVB irradiation, 1 μl of 98 mM, 980 mM, or 9.8 M H2O2 solution was added to a 100-μl aliquot of DMPO solution, and the reaction mixture was irradiated with UVB. For the Fenton reaction, 1 μl of 98 mM H2O2 and 1 μl of 100 mM FeSO4 were added to a 100-μl aliquot of DMPO solution. After UVB irradiation or adding FeSO4, the entire volume of the reaction mixture was drawn into PTFE tubing and measured by X-band EPR. The DMPO-OH concentration in the reaction mixture was plotted versus the molecular density of DMPO, and the density of •OH generation was estimated from an inflection point on the plotted profile. The local densities of the UV-induced •OH in the H2O2 water solutions depended on the concentration of H2O2 in the solution, and were likely localized. The energy absorption process of photons was suspected to occur in a step-wise manner in a limited volume. •OH generation in the Fenton reaction system was expected to be uniformly distributed, but inhomogeneous •OH generation was observed at the molecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megumi Ueno
- Quantitative RedOx Sensing Group, Department of Basic Medical Sciences for Radiation Damages, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Quantum Medical Science Directorate, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | - Ikuo Nakanishi
- Quantitative RedOx Sensing Group, Department of Basic Medical Sciences for Radiation Damages, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Quantum Medical Science Directorate, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichiro Matsumoto
- Quantitative RedOx Sensing Group, Department of Basic Medical Sciences for Radiation Damages, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Quantum Medical Science Directorate, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
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Ueno M, Nakanishi I, Matsumoto KI. Generation of localized highly concentrated hydrogen peroxide clusters in water by X-rays. Free Radic Res 2020; 54:360-372. [DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2020.1774574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Megumi Ueno
- Quantitative RedOx Sensing Group, Department of Basic Medical Sciences for Radiation Damages, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Quantum Medical Science Directorate, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | - Ikuo Nakanishi
- Quantitative RedOx Sensing Group, Department of Basic Medical Sciences for Radiation Damages, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Quantum Medical Science Directorate, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | - Ken-ichiro Matsumoto
- Quantitative RedOx Sensing Group, Department of Basic Medical Sciences for Radiation Damages, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Quantum Medical Science Directorate, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
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14
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Nakamura M, Yamasaki T, Ueno M, Shibata S, Ozawa Y, Kamada T, Nakanishi I, Yamada KI, Aoki I, Matsumoto KI. Radiation-induced redox alteration in the mouse brain. Free Radic Biol Med 2019; 143:412-421. [PMID: 31446055 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2019.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Revised: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Time courses of the redox status in the brains of mice after X-ray or carbon-ion beam irradiation were observed by magnetic resonance redox imaging (MRRI). The relationship between radiation-induced oxidative stress on the cerebral nervous system and the redox status in the brain was discussed. The mice were irradiated by 8-Gy X-ray or carbon-ion beam (C-beam) on their head under anesthesia. C-beam irradiation was performed at HIMAC (Heavy-Ion Medical Accelerator in Chiba, NIRS/QST, Chiba, Japan). MRRI measurements using a blood-brain-barrier-permeable nitroxyl contrast agent, MCP or TEMPOL, were performed using 7-T scanner at several different times, i.e., 5-10 h, 1, 2, 4, and 8 day(s) after irradiation. Decay rates of the nitroxyl-enhanced T1-weighted MR signals in the brains were estimated from MRRI data sets, and variation in the decay rates after irradiation was assessed. The variation in decay rates of MCP and TEMPOL after X-ray or C-beam irradiation was similar, but different variation patterns were observed between X-ray and C-beam. The apparent decay rate of both MCP and TEMPOL decreased due to the temporal reduction of blood flow in the brain several hours after X-ray and/or C-beam irradiation. After decreasing, the apparent decay rates of nitroxyl radicals in the brain gradually increased during the following days after X-ray irradiation or rapidly increased 1 day after C-beam irradiation. The sequential increase in nitroxyl decay rates may have been due to the oxidative atmosphere in the tissue due to ROS generation. X-ray and C-beam irradiation resulted in different redox responses, which may have been due to time-varying oxidative stress/injury, in the mouse brain. The C-beam irradiation effects were more acute and larger than those of X-ray irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mizuki Nakamura
- Quantitative RedOx Sensing Group, Department of Basic Medical Sciences for Radiation Damages, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Quantum Medical Science Directorate, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba-shi, Chiba, 263-8555, Japan; Graduate School of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260-88670, Japan
| | - Toshihide Yamasaki
- Laboratory of Biophysical Chemistry, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, 4-19-1 Motoyama-kita, Higashinada, Kobe, 658-8558, Japan
| | - Megumi Ueno
- Quantitative RedOx Sensing Group, Department of Basic Medical Sciences for Radiation Damages, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Quantum Medical Science Directorate, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba-shi, Chiba, 263-8555, Japan
| | - Sayaka Shibata
- Preclinical Research and Development for Functional and Molecular Imaging Group, Department of Molecular Imaging and Theranostics, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Quantum Medical Science Directorate, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba, 263-8555, Japan
| | - Yoshikazu Ozawa
- Preclinical Research and Development for Functional and Molecular Imaging Group, Department of Molecular Imaging and Theranostics, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Quantum Medical Science Directorate, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba, 263-8555, Japan
| | - Tadashi Kamada
- Graduate School of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260-88670, Japan; Research Center Hospital, Research Center for Charged Particle Therapy, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba, 263-8555, Japan
| | - Ikuo Nakanishi
- Quantitative RedOx Sensing Group, Department of Basic Medical Sciences for Radiation Damages, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Quantum Medical Science Directorate, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba-shi, Chiba, 263-8555, Japan; Institute for Quantum Life Science (iQLS), National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba, 263-8555, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichi Yamada
- Physical Chemistry for Life Science Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan; JST, PRESTO, 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama, 332-0012, Japan
| | - Ichio Aoki
- Preclinical Research and Development for Functional and Molecular Imaging Group, Department of Molecular Imaging and Theranostics, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Quantum Medical Science Directorate, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba, 263-8555, Japan; Institute for Quantum Life Science (iQLS), National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba, 263-8555, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichiro Matsumoto
- Quantitative RedOx Sensing Group, Department of Basic Medical Sciences for Radiation Damages, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Quantum Medical Science Directorate, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba-shi, Chiba, 263-8555, Japan; Institute for Quantum Life Science (iQLS), National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba, 263-8555, Japan.
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Inaniwa T, Suzuki M, Sato S, Noda A, Muramatsu M, Iwata Y, Kanematsu N, Shirai T, Noda K. Influence of a perpendicular magnetic field on biological effectiveness of carbon-ion beams. Int J Radiat Biol 2019; 95:1346-1350. [PMID: 31140908 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2019.1625461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: Our previous study revealed that the application of a magnetic field longitudinal to a carbon-ion beam of 0.1 ≤ B//≤ 0.6 T enhances the biological effectiveness of the radiation. The purpose of this study is to experimentally verify whether the application of a magnetic field perpendicular to the beam also alters the biological effectiveness. Methods and materials: Most experimental conditions other than the magnetic field direction were the same as those used in the previous study to allow comparison of their results. Human cancer and normal cells were exposed to low (12 keV/μm) and high (50 keV/μm) linear energy transfer (LET) carbon-ion beams under the perpendicular magnetic fields of B⊥ = 0, 0.15, 0.3, or 0.6 T generated by a dipole magnet. The effects of the magnetic fields on the biological effectiveness were evaluated by clonogenic cell survival. Doses that would result in the survival of 10%, D10s, were determined for the exposures and analyzed using Student's t-tests. Results: For both cancer and normal cells treated by low- and high-LET carbon-ion beams, the D10s measured in the presence of the perpendicular magnetic fields of B⊥ ≥ 0.15 T were not statistically different (p ≫ .05) from the D10s measured in the absence of the magnetic fields, B⊥ = 0 T. Conclusions: Exposure of human cancer and normal cells to the perpendicular magnetic fields of B⊥ ≤ 0.6 T did not alter significantly the biological effectiveness of the carbon-ion beams, unlike the exposure to longitudinal magnetic fields of the same strength. Although the mechanisms underlying the observed results still require further exploration, these findings indicate that the influence of the magnetic field on biological effectiveness of the carbon-ion beam depends on the applied field direction with respect to the beam.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taku Inaniwa
- Department of Accelerator and Medical Physics, National Institute of Radiological Sciences , QST , Chiba , Japan
| | - Masao Suzuki
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences for Radiation Damages, National Institute of Radiological Sciences , QST , Chiba , Japan
| | - Shinji Sato
- Department of Accelerator and Medical Physics, National Institute of Radiological Sciences , QST , Chiba , Japan
| | - Akira Noda
- Department of Accelerator and Medical Physics, National Institute of Radiological Sciences , QST , Chiba , Japan
| | - Masayuki Muramatsu
- Department of Accelerator and Medical Physics, National Institute of Radiological Sciences , QST , Chiba , Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Iwata
- Department of Accelerator and Medical Physics, National Institute of Radiological Sciences , QST , Chiba , Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Kanematsu
- Medical Physics Section, National Institute of Radiological Sciences Hospital , QST , Chiba , Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Shirai
- Department of Accelerator and Medical Physics, National Institute of Radiological Sciences , QST , Chiba , Japan
| | - Koji Noda
- National Institute of Radiological Sciences, QST , Chiba , Japan
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Matsumoto KI, Nyui M, Ueno M, Ogawa Y, Nakanishi I. A quantitative analysis of carbon-ion beam-induced reactive oxygen species and redox reactions. J Clin Biochem Nutr 2019; 65:1-7. [PMID: 31379407 PMCID: PMC6667381 DOI: 10.3164/jcbn.18-34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 01/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The amounts of reactive oxygen species generated in aqueous samples by irradiation with X-ray or clinical carbon-ion beams were quantified. Hydroxyl radical (•OH), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and the total amount of oxidation reactions, which occurred mainly because of •OH and/or hydroperoxy radicals (HO2 •), were measured by electron paramagnetic resonance-based methods. •OH generation was expected to be localized on the track/range of the carbon-ion beam/X-ray, and mM and M levels of •OH generation were observed. Total •OH generation levels were identical at the same dose irrespective of whether X-ray or carbon-ion beam irradiation was used, and were around 0.28-0.35 µmol/L/Gy. However, sparse •OH generation levels decreased with increasing linear energy transfer, and were 0.17, 0.15, and 0.09 µmol/L/Gy for X-ray, 20 keV/µm carbon-ion beam, and >100 keV/µm carbon-ion beam sources, respectively. H2O2 generation was estimated as 0.26, 0.20, and 0.17 µmol/L/Gy, for X-ray, 20 keV/µm carbon-ion beam, and >100 keV/µm carbon-ion beam sources, respectively, whereas the ratios of H2O2 generation per oxygen consumption were 0.63, 0.51, and 3.40, respectively. The amounts of total oxidation reactions were 2.74, 1.17, and 0.66 µmol/L/Gy, respectively. The generation of reactive oxygen species was not uniform at the molecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken-Ichiro Matsumoto
- Quantitative RedOx Sensing Team, Department of Basic Medical Sciences for Radiation Damages, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Minako Nyui
- Quantitative RedOx Sensing Team, Department of Basic Medical Sciences for Radiation Damages, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Megumi Ueno
- Quantitative RedOx Sensing Team, Department of Basic Medical Sciences for Radiation Damages, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Yukihiro Ogawa
- Quantitative RedOx Sensing Team, Department of Basic Medical Sciences for Radiation Damages, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Ikuo Nakanishi
- Quantitative RedOx Sensing Team, Department of Basic Medical Sciences for Radiation Damages, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
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17
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Nyui M, Nakanishi I, Anzai K, Ozawa T, Matsumoto KI. Reactivity of redox sensitive paramagnetic nitroxyl contrast agents with reactive oxygen species. J Clin Biochem Nutr 2018; 64:13-19. [PMID: 30705507 PMCID: PMC6348418 DOI: 10.3164/jcbn.17-135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 05/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The reactivity of nitroxyl free radicals, 4-hydroxyl-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-N-oxyl (TEMPOL) and 3-carbamoyl-2,2,5,5-tetramethylpyrrolidine-N-oxyl (CmP), with reactive oxygen species (ROS) were compared as typical 6-membered and 5-membered ring nitroxyl compounds, respectively. The reactivity of the hydroxylamine forms of both these nitroxyl radicals (TEMPOL-H and CmP-H) was also assessed. Two free radical species of ROS, hydroxyl radical (•OH) and superoxide (O2•−), were subjected to a competing reaction. •OH was generated by UV irradiation from an aqueous H2O2 solution (H2O2-UV system), and O2•− was generated by a reaction between hypoxanthine and xanthine oxidase (HX-XO system). •OH and O2•− generated by the H2O2-UV and HX-XO systems, respectively, were measured by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spin-trapping, and the amount of spin adducts generated by each system was adjusted to be equal. The time courses of the one-electron oxidation of TEMPOL, CmP, TEMPOL-H, and CmP-H in each ROS generation system were compared. A greater amount of TEMPOL was oxidized in the HX-XO system compared with the H2O2-UV system, whereas the reverse was observed for CmP. Although the hydroxylamine forms of the tested nitroxyl radicals were oxidized evenly in the H2O2-UV and HX-XO systems, the amount of oxidized CmP-H was approximately 3 times greater compared with TEMPOL-H.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minako Nyui
- Quantitative RedOx Sensing Team, Department of Basic Medical Sciences for Radiation Damages, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Ikuo Nakanishi
- Quantitative RedOx Sensing Team, Department of Basic Medical Sciences for Radiation Damages, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Kazunori Anzai
- Quantitative RedOx Sensing Team, Department of Basic Medical Sciences for Radiation Damages, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan.,Division of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, Nihon Pharmaceutical University, 10281 Komuro, Ina-machi, Kitaadachi-gun, Saitama 362-0806, Japan
| | - Toshihiko Ozawa
- Laboratory of Oxidative Stress Research, Showa Pharmaceutical University, 3-3165 Higashi-tamagawagakuen, Machida, Tokyo 194-8543, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichiro Matsumoto
- Quantitative RedOx Sensing Team, Department of Basic Medical Sciences for Radiation Damages, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
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Ueno M, Nakanishi I, Matsumoto KI. A New Approach for Quantifying Radio-Biological Effects Using the Time Course of Mouse Leg Contracture. Biol Pharm Bull 2018; 41:368-373. [PMID: 29491213 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b17-00689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A digitization approach to the time course of radiation-induced mouse leg contracture was proposed for quantifying the radiation effect on an individual living mouse. The shortening of the mouse leg length can be easily measured with a caliper/ruler to offer a very simple digitalized index of the radiation effect. Left hind legs of mice were irradiated with single dose of 32 Gy of 290 MeV carbon-ion beam using 0, 50, or 117 mm binary filter (BF). The right legs were used as a control. The lengths of both hind legs of the mice were measured using a digital caliper before irradiation and every week after irradiation. The degree of leg contracture, ΔSt, at the time point t was estimated by subtraction of the left irradiated leg length from the right control leg length. Equation was fitted on the daily time course of ΔSt, and two parameters, ΔSmax and Ts, were estimated. ΔSt=ΔSmax×(1-exp(t/Ts)), where ΔSmax is the maximum degree of leg contracture, and Ts is time of leg contracture. The effect of carbon-ion irradiation on a living mouse was quantified by ΔSmax and Ts of the leg contracture, and then compared to that of X-rays. By 32 Gy irradiation, ΔSmax was largest for the BF117 experiment, followed by X-ray~BF50>BF0. Ts was shortest for the BF50 experiment, while other irradiation conditions give similar Ts. A logarithmic function was successfully repurposed for the evaluation of radio-biological response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megumi Ueno
- Quantitative RedOx Sensing Team, Department of Basic Medical Sciences for Radiation Damages, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology
| | - Ikuo Nakanishi
- Quantitative RedOx Sensing Team, Department of Basic Medical Sciences for Radiation Damages, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology
| | - Ken-Ichiro Matsumoto
- Quantitative RedOx Sensing Team, Department of Basic Medical Sciences for Radiation Damages, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology
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Ogawa Y, Sekine-Suzuki E, Ueno M, Nakanishi I, Matsumoto KI. Localized hydroxyl radical generation at mmol/L and mol/L levels in water by photon irradiation. J Clin Biochem Nutr 2018; 63:97-101. [PMID: 30279619 PMCID: PMC6160720 DOI: 10.3164/jcbn.18-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The generation of localized hydroxyl radical (•OH) in aqueous samples by low linear energy transfer irradiation was investigated. Several concentrations of 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline-N-oxid solution (from 0.5 to 1,680 mmol/L) were prepared and irradiated with an identical dose of X-ray or γ-ray. The density of •OH generation in aqueous solution was evaluated by the electron paramagnetic resonance spin-trapping technique using 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline-N-oxid as an electron paramagnetic resonance spin-trapping agent. The relationship between the molecular density of 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline-N-oxid in the samples and the concentration of 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline-N-oxid-OH generated in the irradiated samples was analyzed. Two different characteristic linear trends were observed in the 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline-N-oxid-OH/5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline-N-oxid plots, which suggested •OH generation in two fashions, i.e., mmol/L- and mol/L-level local concentrations. The dose, dose rate, and/or the energy of photon irradiation did not affect the shapes of the 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline-N-oxid-OH/5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline-N-oxid plots. Moreover, the addition of 5 mmol/L caffeine could cancel the contribution of mmol/L-level •OH generation, leaving a trace of mol/L-level •OH generation. Thus, the localized mmol/L- and mol/L-level generations of •OH, which were independent of experimental parameters such as dose, dose rate, and/or the energy of photon of low linear energy transfer radiation, were established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukihiro Ogawa
- Graduate School of Advanced Integration Science, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoicho, Inage-ku, Chiba-shi, Chiba 263-8522, Japan.,Quantitative RedOx Sensing Team, Department of Basic Medical Sciences for Radiation Damages, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba-shi, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Emiko Sekine-Suzuki
- Quantitative RedOx Sensing Team, Department of Basic Medical Sciences for Radiation Damages, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba-shi, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Megumi Ueno
- Quantitative RedOx Sensing Team, Department of Basic Medical Sciences for Radiation Damages, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba-shi, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Ikuo Nakanishi
- Quantitative RedOx Sensing Team, Department of Basic Medical Sciences for Radiation Damages, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba-shi, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichiro Matsumoto
- Quantitative RedOx Sensing Team, Department of Basic Medical Sciences for Radiation Damages, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba-shi, Chiba 263-8555, Japan.,Graduate School of Science, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoicho, Inage-ku, Chiba-shi, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
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20
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Zhang Y, Wang J, Li Y, Wang F, Yang F, Xu W. Synthesis and Radioprotective Activity of Mitochondria Targeted Dihydropyridines In Vitro. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18112233. [PMID: 29068391 PMCID: PMC5713203 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18112233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Revised: 10/22/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The radiation-induced damage to mitochondrial oxidative respiratory chain could lead to generating of superoxide anions (O2−) and secondary reactive oxygen species (ROS), which are the major resources of continuous ROS production after radiation. Scavenging radiation-induced ROS effectively can help mitochondria to maintain their physiological function and relief cells from oxidative stress. Dihydropyridines (DHPs) are biomimetic hydrogen sources that could protect cells against radiation damage. In this study, we designed and synthetized three novel mitochondrial-targeted dihydropyridines (Mito-DHPs) that utilize the mitochondrial membrane potential to enter the organelle and scavenge ROS. MitoTracker confirmed Mito-DHPs accumulation in mitochondria, and the DCFH-DA assay demonstrated effective ROS scavenging activity. In addition, the γ-H2AX and comet assay demonstrated the ability of Mito-DHPs to protect against both radiation and ROS-induced DNA strand breaks. Furthermore, Mito-DHP1 proved to be non-toxic and displayed significant radioprotection activity (p < 0.05) in vitro. Mito-DHPs are therefore promising antioxidants that could penetrate the membrane of mitochondria, scavenge excessive ROS, and protect cells against radiation-induced oxidative damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yurui Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300192, China.
| | - Junying Wang
- Department of Physics, School of Sciences and Tianjin Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China.
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300192, China.
| | - Feng Wang
- Department of Statistics, Tianjin University of Finance and Economics, Tianjin 300222, China.
| | - Fujun Yang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300192, China.
| | - Wenqing Xu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300192, China.
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Hosokawa Y, Saga R, Monzen S, Terashima S, Tsuruga E. Ascorbic acid does not reduce the anticancer effect of radiotherapy. Biomed Rep 2017; 6:103-107. [PMID: 28123717 PMCID: PMC5244771 DOI: 10.3892/br.2016.819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2016] [Accepted: 05/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study hypothesized that the therapeutic use of ascorbic acid (AsA) in combination with radiation may reduce therapy-related side effects and increase the antitumor effects. The aim of the study was to examine the association between the scavenged activity of AsA and the biological anticancer effect of hydroxyl (OH) radicals generated by X-ray irradiation. Cell survival, DNA fragmentation of human leukemia HL60 cells and the amount of OH radicals were investigated following X-ray irradiation and AsA treatment. The number of living cells decreased, and DNA fragmentation increased at AsA concentrations >1 mM. Electron spin resonance spectra revealed that X-ray irradiation generated OH radicals, which were scavenged by AsA at concentrations >75 µM. The AsA concentration inside the cell was 75 µM when cells underwent extracellular treatment with 5 mM AsA, which significantly induced HL60 cell death even without irradiation. No increase in the number of viable HL60 cells was observed following AsA treatment with irradiation when compared to irradiation alone. In conclusion, the disappearance of the radiation anticancer effects with AsA treatment in combination with radiotherapy for cancer treatment is not a cause for concern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoichiro Hosokawa
- Department of Radiation Science, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hirosaki University, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8564, Japan
| | - Ryo Saga
- Department of Radiation Science, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hirosaki University, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8564, Japan
| | - Satoru Monzen
- Department of Radiation Science, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hirosaki University, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8564, Japan
| | - Shingo Terashima
- Department of Radiation Science, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hirosaki University, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8564, Japan
| | - Eichi Tsuruga
- Department of Radiation Science, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hirosaki University, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8564, Japan
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Fujita M, Imadome K, Shoji Y, Isozaki T, Endo S, Yamada S, Imai T. Carbon-Ion Irradiation Suppresses Migration and Invasiveness of Human Pancreatic Carcinoma Cells MIAPaCa-2 via Rac1 and RhoA Degradation. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2015; 93:173-80. [PMID: 26279033 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2015.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2015] [Revised: 04/28/2015] [Accepted: 05/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the mechanisms underlying the inhibition of cancer cell migration and invasion by carbon (C)-ion irradiation. METHODS AND MATERIALS Human pancreatic cancer cells MIAPaCa-2, AsPC-1, and BxPC-3 were treated by x-ray (4 Gy) or C-ion (0.5, 1, 2, or 4 Gy) irradiation, and their migration and invasion were assessed 2 days later. The levels of guanosine triphosphate (GTP)-bound Rac1 and RhoA were determined by the active GTPase pull-down assay with or without a proteasome inhibitor, and the binding of E3 ubiquitin ligase to GTP-bound Rac1 was examined by immunoprecipitation. RESULTS Carbon-ion irradiation reduced the levels of GTP-bound Rac1 and RhoA, 2 major regulators of cell motility, in MIAPaCa-2 cells and GTP-bound Rac1 in AsPC-1 and BxPC-3 cells. Proteasome inhibition reversed the effect, indicating that C-ion irradiation induced Rac1 and RhoA degradation via the ubiquitin (Ub)-proteasome pathway. E3 Ub ligase X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein (XIAP), which directly targets Rac1, was selectively induced in C-ion--irradiated MIAPaCa-2 cells and coprecipitated with GTP-bound Rac1 in C-ion--irradiated cells, which was associated with Rac1 ubiquitination. Cell migration and invasion reduced by C-ion radiation were restored by short interfering RNA--mediated XIAP knockdown, indicating that XIAP is involved in C-ion--induced inhibition of cell motility. CONCLUSION In contrast to x-ray irradiation, C-ion treatment inhibited the activity of Rac1 and RhoA in MIAPaCa-2 cells and Rac1 in AsPC-1 and BxPC-3 cells via Ub-mediated proteasomal degradation, thereby blocking the motility of these pancreatic cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayumi Fujita
- Advanced Radiation Biology Research Program, Research Center for Charged Particle Therapy, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kaori Imadome
- Advanced Radiation Biology Research Program, Research Center for Charged Particle Therapy, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yoshimi Shoji
- Advanced Radiation Biology Research Program, Research Center for Charged Particle Therapy, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Chiba, Japan
| | - Tetsurou Isozaki
- Research Center Hospital for Charged Particle Therapy, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Chiba, Japan
| | - Satoshi Endo
- Research Center Hospital for Charged Particle Therapy, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Chiba, Japan
| | - Shigeru Yamada
- Research Center Hospital for Charged Particle Therapy, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Chiba, Japan
| | - Takashi Imai
- Advanced Radiation Biology Research Program, Research Center for Charged Particle Therapy, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Chiba, Japan.
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