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Chemometric Discrimination of the Geographical Origin of Three Greek Cultivars of Olive Oils by Stable Isotope Ratio Analysis. Foods 2021; 10:foods10020336. [PMID: 33557322 PMCID: PMC7914497 DOI: 10.3390/foods10020336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Α stable isotope ratio mass spectrometer was used for stable isotope ratio (i.e., δ13C, δ18O, and δ2H) measurements, achieving geographical discrimination using orthogonal projections to latent structures discriminant analysis. A total of 100 Greek monovarietal olive oil samples from three different olive cultivars (cv. Koroneiki, cv. Lianolia Kerkyras, and cv. Maurolia), derived from Central Greece and Peloponnese, were collected during the 2019-2020 harvest year aiming to investigate the effect of botanical and geographical origin on their discrimination through isotopic data. The selection of these samples was made from traditionally olive-growing areas in which no significant research has been done so far. Samples were discriminated mainly by olive cultivar and, partially, by geographical origin, which is congruent with other authors. Based on this model, correct recognition of 93.75% in the training samples and correct prediction of 100% in the test set were achieved. The overall correct classification of the model was 91%. The predictability based on the externally validated method of discrimination was good (Q2 (cum) = 0.681) and illustrated that δ18O and δ2H were the most important isotope markers for the discrimination of olive oil samples. The authenticity of olive oil based on the examined olive varieties can be determined using this technique.
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Medina S, Perestrelo R, Silva P, Pereira JA, Câmara JS. Current trends and recent advances on food authenticity technologies and chemometric approaches. Trends Food Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2019.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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Medina S, Pereira JA, Silva P, Perestrelo R, Câmara JS. Food fingerprints - A valuable tool to monitor food authenticity and safety. Food Chem 2018; 278:144-162. [PMID: 30583355 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.11.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Revised: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, food frauds and adulterations have increased significantly. This practice is motivated by fast economical gains and has an enormous impact on public health, representing an important issue in food science. In this context, this review has been designed to be a useful guide of potential biomarkers of food authenticity and safety. In terms of food authenticity, we focused our attention on biomarkers reported to specify different botanical or geographical origins, genetic diversity or production systems, while at the food safety level, molecular evidences of food adulteration or spoilage will be highlighted. This report is the first to combine results from recent studies in a format that allows a ready overview of metabolites (<1200 Da) and potentially molecular routes to monitor food authentication and safety. This review has therefore the potential to unveil important aspects in food adulteration and safety, contributing to improve the current regulatory frameworks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Medina
- CQM - Centro de Química da Madeira, Universidade da Madeira, Campus da Penteada, 9020-105 Funchal, Portugal.
| | - Jorge A Pereira
- CQM - Centro de Química da Madeira, Universidade da Madeira, Campus da Penteada, 9020-105 Funchal, Portugal
| | - Pedro Silva
- CQM - Centro de Química da Madeira, Universidade da Madeira, Campus da Penteada, 9020-105 Funchal, Portugal
| | - Rosa Perestrelo
- CQM - Centro de Química da Madeira, Universidade da Madeira, Campus da Penteada, 9020-105 Funchal, Portugal
| | - José S Câmara
- CQM - Centro de Química da Madeira, Universidade da Madeira, Campus da Penteada, 9020-105 Funchal, Portugal.
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Chan KM, Yue GGL, Li P, Wong ECW, Lee JKM, Kennelly EJ, Lau CBS. Screening and analysis of potential anti-tumor components from the stipe of Ganoderma sinense using high-performance liquid chromatography/time-of-flight mass spectrometry with multivariate statistical tool. J Chromatogr A 2017; 1487:162-167. [PMID: 28143662 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2017.01.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2016] [Revised: 01/09/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
According to Chinese Pharmacopoeia 2015 edition, Ganoderma (Lingzhi) is a species complex that comprise of Ganoderma lucidum and Ganoderma sinense. The bioactivity and chemical composition of G. lucidium had been studied extensively, and it was shown to possess antitumor activities in pharmacological studies. In contrast, G. sinense has not been studied in great detail. Our previous studies found that the stipe of G. sinense exhibited more potent antitumor activity than the pileus. To identify the antitumor compounds in the stipe of G. sinense, we studied its chemical components by merging the bioactivity results with liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry-based chemometrics. The stipe of G. sinense was extracted with water, followed by ethanol precipitation and liquid-liquid partition. The resulting residue was fractionated using column chromatography. The antitumor activity of these fractions were analysed using MTT assay in murine breast tumor 4T1 cells, and their chemical components were studied using the LC-QTOF-MS with multivariate statistical tools. The chemometric and MS/MS analysis correlated bioactivity with five known cytotoxic compounds, 4-hyroxyphenylacetate, 9-oxo-(10E,12E)-octadecadienoic acid, 3-phenyl-2-propenoic acid, 13-oxo-(9E,11E)-octadecadienoic acid and lingzhine C, from the stipe of G. sinense. To the best of our knowledge, 4-hyroxyphenylacetate, 3-phenyl-2-propenoic acid and lingzhine C are firstly reported to be found in G. sinense. These five compounds will be investigated for their antitumor activities in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kar-Man Chan
- Institute of Chinese Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong
| | - Grace Gar-Lee Yue
- Institute of Chinese Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong
| | - Ping Li
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Eric Chun-Wai Wong
- Institute of Chinese Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong
| | - Julia Kin-Ming Lee
- Institute of Chinese Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong
| | - Edward J Kennelly
- Department of Biological Sciences, Lehman College, City University of New York, Bronx, NY 10468, USA; Ph.D. Programs in Biochemistry, Biology, and Chemistry, City University of New York, The Graduate Center, New York, NY 10016, USA.
| | - Clara Bik-San Lau
- Institute of Chinese Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong; Li Dak Sum Yip Yio Chin R & D Centre for Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong.
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Masada S. Authentication of the botanical origin of Western herbal products using Cimicifuga and Vitex products as examples. J Nat Med 2016; 70:361-75. [PMID: 27188194 PMCID: PMC4935754 DOI: 10.1007/s11418-016-1006-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2016] [Accepted: 04/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Various herbal medicines have been developed and used in various parts of the world for thousands of years. Although locally grown indigenous plants were originally used for traditional herbal preparations, Western herbal products are now becoming popular in Japan with the increasing interest in health. At the same time, there are growing concerns about the substitution of ingredients and adulteration of herbal products, highlighting the need for the authentication of the origin of plants used in herbal products. This review describes studies on Cimicifuga and Vitex products developed in Europe and Japan, focusing on establishing analytical methods to evaluate the origins of material plants and finished products. These methods include a polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism method and a multiplex amplification refractory mutation system method. A genome-based authentication method and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry-based authentication for black cohosh products, and the identification of two characteristic diterpenes of agnus castus fruit and a shrub chaste tree fruit-specific triterpene derivative are also described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayaka Masada
- Division of Pharmacognosy, Phytochemistry and Narcotics, National Institute of Health Sciences, 1-18-1 Kamiyoga, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, 158-8501, Japan.
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