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Xue M, Pan T, Shao Z, Wang W, Li H, Zhao L, Zhou X, Zhang Y. Sustainable Electrochemical Benzylic C-H Oxidation Using MeOH as an Oxygen Source. CHEMSUSCHEM 2024; 17:e202400028. [PMID: 38225209 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202400028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
New methods and strategies for the direct oxidation of benzylic C-H bonds are highly desirable, owing to the importance of ketone motifs in significant organic transformations and the synthesis of valuable molecules, including pharmaceuticals, pesticides, and fine chemicals. Herein, we describe an electrochemical benzylic C-H oxidation strategy for the synthesis of ketones using MeOH as an oxygen source. Inexpensive and safe KBr serves as both an electrolyte and a bromide radical precursor in the reaction. This transformation also offers several advantages such as mild conditions, broad functional group tolerance, and operational simplicity. Mechanistic investigations by control experiments, radical scavenging experiments, electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), kinetic studies, cyclic voltammetry (CV), and in-situ Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy support a pathway involving the formation and transformation of benzyl methyl ether via hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) and single-electron transfer (SET). The practical application of our strategy is highlighted by the successful synthesis of five pharmaceuticals, namely lenperone, melperone, diphenhydramine, cinnarizine, and flunarizine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Xue
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University, 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Tao Pan
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University, 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Zhichao Shao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University, 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Wenxuan Wang
- School of Ecology and Environment, Ningxia University, 489 Helan Mountain West Road, Yinchuan, 750021, China
| | - Hu Li
- School of Ecology and Environment, Ningxia University, 489 Helan Mountain West Road, Yinchuan, 750021, China
| | - Lixing Zhao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University, 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Xin Zhou
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University, 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Yuexia Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University, 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao, 266071, China
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2
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Joshi A, Iqbal Z, Kandwal P, De SR. Pd(II)–Catalyzed Non–Directed Benzylic C(sp3)–H Activation: Cascade C(sp3)–S Bond Cleavage to Access Benzaldehydes from Benzylphenyl Sulfides and Sulfoxides. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.202200400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Asha Joshi
- NIT Uttarakhand: National Institute of Technology Uttarakhand Department of Chemistry Srinagar INDIA
| | - Zafar Iqbal
- NIT Uttarakhand: National Institute of Technology Uttarakhand Department of Chemistry Srinagar INDIA
| | - Pankaj Kandwal
- NIT Uttarakhand: National Institute of Technology Uttarakhand Department of Chemistry Srinagar INDIA
| | - Saroj Ranjan De
- National Institute of Technology Uttarakhand Dept. of Chemistry Srinagar Garhwal 246174 Srinagar INDIA
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3
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Naskar G, Jeganmohan M. Ligand‐Enabled [3+2] Annulation of Aromatic Acids with Maleimides by C(sp
3
)−H and C(sp
2
)−H Bond Activation. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202200778. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.202200778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gouranga Naskar
- Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology Madras Chennai 600036 Tamil Nadu India
| | - Masilamani Jeganmohan
- Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology Madras Chennai 600036 Tamil Nadu India
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4
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Font M, Gulías M, Mascareñas JL. Transition‐Metal‐Catalyzed Annulations Involving the Activation of C(sp
3
)−H Bonds. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202112848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marc Font
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CIQUS) Departamento de Química Orgánica Universidade de Santiago de Compostela 15782 Santiago de Compostela Spain
| | - Moisés Gulías
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CIQUS) Departamento de Química Orgánica Universidade de Santiago de Compostela 15782 Santiago de Compostela Spain
| | - José Luis Mascareñas
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CIQUS) Departamento de Química Orgánica Universidade de Santiago de Compostela 15782 Santiago de Compostela Spain
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5
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Font M, Gulías M, Mascareñas JL. Transition-Metal-Catalyzed Annulations Involving the Activation of C(sp 3 )-H Bonds. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202112848. [PMID: 34699657 PMCID: PMC9300013 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202112848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The selective functionalization of C(sp3 )-H bonds using transition-metal catalysis is among the more attractive transformations of modern synthetic chemistry. In addition to its inherent atom economy, such reactions open unconventional retrosynthetic pathways that can streamline synthetic processes. However, the activation of intrinsically inert C(sp3 )-H bonds, and the selection among very similar C-H bonds, represent highly challenging goals. In recent years there has been notable progress tackling these issues, especially with regard to the development of intermolecular reactions entailing the formation of C-C and C-heteroatom bonds. Conversely, the assembly of cyclic products from simple acyclic precursors using metal-catalyzed C(sp3 )-H bond activations has been less explored. Only recently has the number of reports on such annulations started to grow. Herein we give an overview of some of the more relevant advances in this exciting topic.
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Grants
- SAF2016-76689-R Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades
- PID2019-108624RBI00 Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades
- PID2019-110385GB-I00 Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades
- IJCI-2017-31450 Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades
- 2021-CP054, ED431C-2021/25 Consellería de Cultura, Educación e Ordenación Universitaria, Xunta de Galicia
- ED431G 2019/03 Consellería de Cultura, Educación e Ordenación Universitaria, Xunta de Galicia
- 340055 FP7 Ideas: European Research Council
- European Regional Development Fund
- Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades
- Consellería de Cultura, Educación e Ordenación Universitaria, Xunta de Galicia
- FP7 Ideas: European Research Council
- European Regional Development Fund
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Font
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CIQUS)Departamento de Química OrgánicaUniversidade de Santiago de Compostela15782Santiago de CompostelaSpain
| | - Moisés Gulías
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CIQUS)Departamento de Química OrgánicaUniversidade de Santiago de Compostela15782Santiago de CompostelaSpain
| | - José Luis Mascareñas
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CIQUS)Departamento de Química OrgánicaUniversidade de Santiago de Compostela15782Santiago de CompostelaSpain
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6
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Oxindole synthesis via C H activation methods. ADVANCES IN HETEROCYCLIC CHEMISTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.aihch.2022.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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7
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Kato T, Maruoka K. Selective functionalization of benzylic C-H bonds of two different benzylic ethers by bowl-shaped N-hydroxyimide derivatives as efficient organoradical catalysts. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 58:1021-1024. [PMID: 34951412 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc06425h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A highly efficient, site-selective benzylic C-H bond amination of two different benzylic ether substrates was described by using bowl-shaped N-hydroxyimide organoradical catalysts with diethyl azodicarboxylate. The synthetic utility of this approach is demonstrated by the subsequent transformation of the amination products into the corresponding aldehydes and alkylhydrazines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terumasa Kato
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Biorefinery, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China.,Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan.
| | - Keiji Maruoka
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Biorefinery, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China.,Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan.
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8
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Chen J, Wu W, Li Q, Wei W. Visible‐Light Induced C(
sp
3
)−H Functionalization for the Formation of C−N Bonds under Metal Catalyst‐Free Conditions. Adv Synth Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202000448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jin‐Yang Chen
- College of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringYangtze Normal University Chongqing 408000 People's Republic of China
| | - Wenfeng Wu
- College of Chemistry and Materials EngineeringGuiyang University Guiyang 550005 People's Republic of China
| | - Qiang Li
- College of Chemistry and Materials EngineeringGuiyang University Guiyang 550005 People's Republic of China
- Institution of Functional Organic Molecules and MaterialsSchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringLiaocheng University Liaocheng 252059 People's Republic of China
| | - Wen‐Ting Wei
- State Key Laboratory Base of Novel Functional Materials and Preparation ScienceSchool of Materials Science and Chemical EngineeringNingbo University Ningbo Zhejiang 315211 People's Republic of China
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9
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Döndaş HA, Retamosa MDG, Sansano JM. Recent Development in Palladium-Catalyzed Domino Reactions: Access to Materials and Biologically Important Carbo- and Heterocycles. Organometallics 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.9b00110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- H. Ali Döndaş
- Mersin University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Yenisehir Campus 33169, Yenisehir, Mersin, Turkey
| | - María de Gracia Retamosa
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (CSIC-US) and Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Avda. Américo Vespucio, 49, 41092 Sevilla, Spain
| | - José M. Sansano
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Instituto de Síntesis Orgánica (ISO) and Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), University of Alicante, 03080 Alicante, Spain
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10
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Chen WT, Wei WT. Recent Developments in the C(sp3
)−H Functionalization of 2-Oxindoles through Radical Reactions. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.201800209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Ting Chen
- School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering; Ningbo University; Ningbo 315211 P. R. China
| | - Wen-Ting Wei
- School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering; Ningbo University; Ningbo 315211 P. R. China
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11
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Tsukano C, Suetsugu S, Muto N, Takemoto Y. Synthesis of Tetrahydrobiphenylene <i>via</i> Pd(0)-Catalyzed C(<i>sp</i><sup>2</sup>)–H Functionalization. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2017; 65:1167-1174. [DOI: 10.1248/cpb.c17-00737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chihiro Tsukano
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University
| | | | - Nobusuke Muto
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University
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12
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Xiong Z, Wang J, Wang Y, Luo S, Zhu Q. Palladium-catalyzed C(sp2)–H aminoimidoylation of isocyano-containing arenes: synthesis of amino substituted N-heterocycles. Org Chem Front 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7qo00368d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
An efficient access to amino substituted phenanthridine and isoquinoline derivatives, through palladium-catalyzed C(sp2)–H aminoimidoylation, has been developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuang Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease
- Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Guangzhou 510530
- China
| | - Jian Wang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids
- Ministry of Education
- Anhui Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Anhui Normal University
| | - Yanbo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease
- Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Guangzhou 510530
- China
| | - Shuang Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease
- Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Guangzhou 510530
- China
| | - Qiang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease
- Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Guangzhou 510530
- China
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