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Tanifuji R, Oguri H. Chemo-enzymatic total synthesis: current approaches toward the integration of chemical and enzymatic transformations. Beilstein J Org Chem 2024; 20:1693-1712. [PMID: 39076288 PMCID: PMC11285072 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.20.151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024] Open
Abstract
A steadily increasing number of reports have been published on chemo-enzymatic synthesis methods that integrate biosynthetic enzymatic transformations with chemical conversions. This review focuses on the total synthesis of natural products and classifies the enzymatic reactions into three categories. The total synthesis of five natural products: cotylenol, trichodimerol, chalcomoracin, tylactone, and saframycin A, as well as their analogs, is outlined with an emphasis on comparing these chemo-enzymatic syntheses with the corresponding natural biosynthetic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Tanifuji
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Hiroki Oguri
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
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2
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Ngamnithiporn A, Welin ER, Pototschnig G, Stoltz BM. Evolution of a Synthetic Strategy toward the Syntheses of Bis-tetrahydroisoquinoline Alkaloids. Acc Chem Res 2024; 57:1870-1884. [PMID: 38874438 PMCID: PMC11223266 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.4c00262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2024] [Revised: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
ConspectusThe bis-tetrahydroisoquinoline (bis-THIQ) natural products represent a medicinally important class of isoquinoline alkaloids that exhibit broad biological activities with particularly potent antitumor properties, as exemplified by the two U.S. FDA approved molecules trabectidin and lurbinectedin. Accordingly, other members within the bis-THIQ family have emerged as prime targets for synthetic chemists, aiming to innovate an orthogonal chemical production of these compounds. With the ability of these complementary strategies to reliably and predictably manipulate molecular structures with atomic precision, this should allow the preparation of synthetic derivatives not existing in nature as new drug leads in the development of novel medicines with desired biological functions.Beyond the biological perspective, bis-THIQ natural products also possess intricate and unique structures, serving as a source of intellectual stimulation for synthetic organic chemists. Within our laboratory, we have developed an integrated program that combines reaction development and target-directed synthesis, leveraging the architecturally complex molecular framework of bis-THIQ natural products as a driving force for the advancement of novel reaction methodologies. In this Account, we unveil our synthetic efforts in a comprehensive story, describing how our synthetic strategy toward bis-THIQ natural products, specifically jorunnamycin A and jorumycin, has evolved over the course of our studies through our key transformations comprising (a) the direct functionalization of isoquinoline N-oxide to prepare the bis-isoquinoline (bis-IQ) intermediate, (b) the diastereoselective and enantioselective isoquinoline hydrogenation to forge the pentacyclic skeleton of the natural product, and (c) the late-stage oxygenation chemistry to adjust the oxidation states of the A- and E-rings. First, we detail our plan in utilizing the aryne annulation strategy to prepare isoquinoline fragments for the bis-THIQ molecules. Faced with unpromising results in the direct C-H functionalization of isoquinoline N-oxide, we lay out in this Account our rationale behind the design of each isoquinoline coupling partner to overcome these challenges. Additionally, we reveal the inspiration for our hydrogenation system, the setup of our pseudo-high-throughput screening, and the extension of the developed hydrogenation protocols to other simplified isoquinolines.In the context of non-natural bis-THIQ molecules, we have successfully adapted this tandem coupling/hydrogenation approach in the preparation of perfluorinated bis-THIQs, representing the first set of electron-deficient non-natural analogues. Finally, we include our unsuccessful late-stage oxygenation attempts prior to the discovery of the Pd-catalyzed C-O cross-coupling reaction. With this full disclosure of the chemistry developed for the syntheses of bis-THIQs, we hope our orthogonal synthetic tactics will provide useful information and serve as an inspiration for the future development of bis-THIQ pharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Brian M. Stoltz
- The Warren and Katharine Schlinger
Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry
and Chemical Engineering, California Institute
of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
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3
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Guo J. Recent advances in the synthesis and activity of analogues of bistetrahydroisoquinoline alkaloids as antitumor agents. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 262:115917. [PMID: 37925762 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Ecteinascidin 743 (Et-743), also known by the trade name Yondelis®, is the pioneering marine natural product to be successfully developed as an antitumor drug. Moreover, it is the first tetrahydroisoquinoline natural product used clinically for antitumor therapy since Kluepfel, a Canadian scientist, discovered the tetrahydroisoquinoline alkaloid (THIQ) naphthyridinomycin in 1974. Currently, almost a hundred natural products of bistetrahydroisoquinoline type have been reported. Majority of these bistetrahydroisoquinoline alkaloids exhibit diverse pharmacological activities, with some family members portraying potent antitumor activities such as Ecteinascidins, Renieramycins, Saframycins, Jorumycins, among others. Due to the unique chemical structure and exceptional biological activity of these natural alkaloids, coupled with their scarcity in nature, research seeking to provide material basis for further bioactivity research through total synthesis and obtaining compound leads with medicinal value through structural modification, remains a hot topic in the field of antitumor drug R&D. Despite the numerous reviews on the total synthesis of bistetrahydroisoquinoline natural products, comprehensive reviews on their structural modification are apparently scarce. Moreover, structural modification of bioactive natural products to acquire lead compounds with improved pharmaceutical characteristics, is a crucial approach for innovative drug discovery. This paper presents an up-to-date review of both structural modification and activity of bistetrahydroisoquinoline natural products. It highlights how such alkaloids can be used as antitumor lead compounds through careful chemical modifications. This review offers valuable scientific references for pharmaceutical chemists engaged in developing novel antitumor agents based on such alkaloid modifications, as well as those with such a goal in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju Guo
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Engineering Process of Ministry of Education/Hubei Key Laboratory of Novel Reactor and Green Chemical Technology, Wuhan Institute of Technology, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Resources and Chemistry of Chinese Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Wudang Local Chinese Medicine Research (Hubei University of Medicine), China.
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4
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Lin TC, Chan CK, Chung YH, Wang CC. Environmentally friendly Nafion-catalyzed synthesis of 3-substituted isoquinoline by using hexamethyldisilazane as a nitrogen source under microwave irradiation. Org Biomol Chem 2023; 21:7316-7326. [PMID: 37531171 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob01032e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
This study developed an eco-friendly method to synthesize 3-arylisoquinoline from 2-alkynylbenzaldehydes using Nafion® NR50 as an acidic catalyst and hexamethyldisilazane (HMDS) as a nitrogen source. The reaction proceeded via a 6-exo-dig cyclization under microwave irradiation, giving the corresponding isoquinolines in excellent yields. The advantages of this protocol include: (1) the use of recyclable acid catalysts, (2) transition-metal-free catalysis, and (3) the effective formation of the target product. These features make this methodology a promising approach for the sustainable and efficient synthesis of 3-arylisoquinoline. Some structures were also confirmed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tzu-Chun Lin
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan.
| | - Chieh-Kai Chan
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan.
| | - Yi-Hsiu Chung
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan.
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5
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Kim A, Ngamnithiporn A, Du E, Stoltz BM. Recent Advances in the Total Synthesis of the Tetrahydroisoquinoline Alkaloids (2002-2020). Chem Rev 2023; 123:9447-9496. [PMID: 37429001 PMCID: PMC10416225 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
The tetrahydroisoquinoline (THIQ) natural products constitute one of the largest families of alkaloids and exhibit a wide range of structural diversity and biological activity. Ranging from simple THIQ natural products to complex trisTHIQ alkaloids such as the ecteinascidins, the chemical syntheses of these alkaloids and their analogs have been thoroughly investigated due to their intricate structural features and functionalities, as well as their high therapeutic potential. This review describes the general structure and biosynthesis of each family of THIQ alkaloids as well as recent advancements of the total synthesis of these natural products from 2002 to 2020. Recent chemical syntheses that have emerged harnessing novel, creative synthetic design, and modern chemical methodology will be highlighted. This review will hopefully serve as a guide for the unique strategies and tools used in the total synthesis of THIQ alkaloids, as well as address the longstanding challenges in their chemical and biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexia
N. Kim
- The
Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical
Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Aurapat Ngamnithiporn
- Laboratory
of Medicinal Chemistry, Chulabhorn Research
Institute, 54 Kamphaeng
Phet 6 Road, Bangkok 10210, Thailand
| | - Emily Du
- The
Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical
Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Brian M. Stoltz
- The
Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical
Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
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6
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Sinsook S, Buaban K, Iksen I, Petsri K, Innets B, Chansriniyom C, Suwanborirux K, Yokoya M, Saito N, Pongrakhananon V, Chanvorachote P, Chamni S. Light-Mediated Transformation of Renieramycins and Semisynthesis of 4'-Pyridinecarbonyl-Substituted Renieramycin-Type Derivatives as Potential Cytotoxic Agents against Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer Cells. Mar Drugs 2023; 21:400. [PMID: 37504931 PMCID: PMC10381490 DOI: 10.3390/md21070400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Revised: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The semisynthesis of renieramycin-type derivatives was achieved under mild and facile conditions by attaching a 1,3-dioxole-bridged phenolic moiety onto ring A of the renieramycin structure and adding a 4'-pyridinecarbonyl ester substituent at its C-5 or C-22 position. These were accomplished through a light-induced intramolecular photoredox reaction using blue light (4 W) and Steglich esterification, respectively. Renieramycin M (4), a bis-tetrahydroisoquinolinequinone compound isolated from the Thai blue sponge (Xestospongia sp.), served as the starting material. The cytotoxicity of the 10 natural and semisynthesized renieramycins against non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell lines was evaluated. The 5-O-(4'-pyridinecarbonyl) renieramycin T (11) compound exhibited high cytotoxicity with half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values of 35.27 ± 1.09 and 34.77 ± 2.19 nM against H290 and H460 cells, respectively. Notably, the potency of compound 11 was 2-fold more than that of renieramycin T (7) and equal to those of 4 and doxorubicin. Interestingly, the renieramycin-type derivatives with a hydroxyl group at C-5 and C-22 exhibited weak cytotoxicity. In silico molecular docking and dynamics studies confirmed that the mitogen-activated proteins, kinase 1 and 3 (MAPK1 and MAPK3), are suitable targets for 11. Thus, the structure-cytotoxicity study of renieramycins was extended to facilitate the development of potential anticancer agents for NSCLC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suwimon Sinsook
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology Program, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Koonchira Buaban
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- Natural Products and Nanoparticles Research Unit (NP2), Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Iksen Iksen
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Korrakod Petsri
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Cancer Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Bhurichaya Innets
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Cancer Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Chaisak Chansriniyom
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- Natural Products and Nanoparticles Research Unit (NP2), Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Khanit Suwanborirux
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- Natural Products and Nanoparticles Research Unit (NP2), Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Masashi Yokoya
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, 2-522-1 Noshio, Tokyo 204-8588, Japan
| | - Naoki Saito
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, 2-522-1 Noshio, Tokyo 204-8588, Japan
| | - Varisa Pongrakhananon
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- Preclinical Toxicity and Efficacy, Assessment of Medicines and Chemicals Research Unit, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Pithi Chanvorachote
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Cancer Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Supakarn Chamni
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- Natural Products and Nanoparticles Research Unit (NP2), Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
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7
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Yokoya M, Yamazaki-Nakai M, Nakai K, Sirimangkalakitti N, Chamni S, Suwanborirux K, Saito N. Transformation of Renieramycin M into Renieramycins T and S by Intramolecular Photoredox Reaction of 7-Methoxy-6-methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline-5,8-dione Derivatives. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2023; 86:222-231. [PMID: 36631738 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.2c00974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
In connection with our studies of biologically active 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline marine natural products, we describe herein a useful intramolecular photoredox transformation of 7-methoxy-6-methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline-5,8-dione tricyclic models into 5-hydroxy-tetrahydroisoquinol[1,3]dioxoles in excellent yields. We applied this methodology to the transformation of renieramycin M into renieramycins T and S and the transformation of saframycin A. The results of cytotoxicity studies are also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masashi Yokoya
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, 2-522-1 Noshio, Kiyose, Tokyo 204-8588, Japan
| | - Miku Yamazaki-Nakai
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, 2-522-1 Noshio, Kiyose, Tokyo 204-8588, Japan
| | - Keiyo Nakai
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, 2-522-1 Noshio, Kiyose, Tokyo 204-8588, Japan
| | - Natchanun Sirimangkalakitti
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, 2-522-1 Noshio, Kiyose, Tokyo 204-8588, Japan
| | - Supakarn Chamni
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Khanit Suwanborirux
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Naoki Saito
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, 2-522-1 Noshio, Kiyose, Tokyo 204-8588, Japan
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8
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Target Identification of 22-(4-Pyridinecarbonyl) Jorunnamycin A, a Tetrahydroisoquinoline Derivative from the Sponge Xestospongia sp., in Mediating Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer Cell Apoptosis. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27248948. [PMID: 36558080 PMCID: PMC9782168 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27248948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
A dysregulation of the cell-death mechanism contributes to poor prognosis in lung cancer. New potent chemotherapeutic agents targeting apoptosis-deregulating molecules have been discovered. In this study, 22-(4-pyridinecarbonyl) jorunnamycin A (22-(4'py)-JA), a synthetic derivative of bistetrahydroisoquinolinequinone from the Thai blue sponge, was semisynthesized by the Steglich esterification method, and its pharmacological mechanism in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) was elucidated by a network pharmacology approach. All predicted targets of 22-(4'py)-JA and genes related to NSCLC were retrieved from drug-target and gene databases. A total of 78 core targets were identified, and their associations were analyzed by STRING and Cytoscape. Gene ontology and KEGG pathway enrichment analyses revealed that molecules in mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling were potential targets of 22-(4'py)-JA in the induction of NSCLC apoptosis. In silico molecular docking analysis displayed a possible interaction of ERK1/2 and MEK1 with 22-(4'py)-JA. In vitro anticancer activity showed that 22-(4'py)-JA has strong cytotoxic and apoptosis-inducing effects in H460, H292 and A549 NSCLC cells. Furthermore, immunoblotting confirmed that 22-(4'py)-JA induced apoptotic cell death in an ERK/MEK/Bcl-2-dependent manner. The present study demonstrated that 22-(4'py)-JA exhibited a potent anticancer effect that could be further developed for clinical application and showed that network pharmacology approaches are a powerful tool to illustrate the molecular pathways of new drugs or compounds.
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9
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Nakajima N, Yoshida E, Toma T, Nishiyama Y, Inoue M, Fukuyama T, Yokoshima S. Formal Synthesis of Ecteinascidin 743 via an Intramolecular Cascade Heck Reaction to Construct the Diazabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane Framework. Org Lett 2022; 24:8228-8232. [PMID: 36305771 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c03357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A synthetic route to ecteinascidin 743 has been established via an intramolecular cascade Heck reaction to construct the diazabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane skeleton while controlling the two contiguous stereogenic centers. The strategically formed five-membered ring was oxidatively cleaved to generate a dialdehyde intermediate, from which the B ring of ecteinascidin 743 was constructed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nagayasu Nakajima
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Eiji Yoshida
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Toma
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Yoshitake Nishiyama
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Masayuki Inoue
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Tohru Fukuyama
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Satoshi Yokoshima
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
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10
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Ngamnithiporn A, Chuentragool P, Ploypradith P, Ruchirawat S. Syntheses of 3-Aryl Tetrahydroisoquinolines via an Intermolecular [4 + 2] Cycloaddition of Sultines with Imines. Org Lett 2022; 24:4192-4196. [PMID: 35639829 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c01437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The development of an intermolecular aza-Diels-Alder (DA) cycloaddition of sultines and imines is reported. By exploiting sultines as o-quinodimethane precursors and aryl imines as dienophiles in the presence of Cu(OTf)2, an aza-DA reaction proceeds to provide a wide variety of 3-aryl tetrahydroisoquionlines in moderate to excellent yield (up to 89%). The synthetic utility of these products was demonstrated in the preparation of tetracyclic N-heterocycles, including a tetrahydroprotoberberine skeleton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurapat Ngamnithiporn
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Chulabhorn Research Institute, 54 Kamphaeng Phet 6 Road, Bangkok 10210, Thailand
| | - Padon Chuentragool
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Chulabhorn Research Institute, 54 Kamphaeng Phet 6 Road, Bangkok 10210, Thailand
| | - Poonsakdi Ploypradith
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Chulabhorn Research Institute, 54 Kamphaeng Phet 6 Road, Bangkok 10210, Thailand.,Program in Chemical Sciences, Chulabhorn Graduate Institute, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Bangkok 10210, Thailand.,Center of Excellence on Environmental Health and Toxicology, Office of the Permanent Secretary (OPS), Ministry of Higher Education, Science, Research and Innovation (MHESI), Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Somsak Ruchirawat
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Chulabhorn Research Institute, 54 Kamphaeng Phet 6 Road, Bangkok 10210, Thailand.,Program in Chemical Sciences, Chulabhorn Graduate Institute, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Bangkok 10210, Thailand.,Center of Excellence on Environmental Health and Toxicology, Office of the Permanent Secretary (OPS), Ministry of Higher Education, Science, Research and Innovation (MHESI), Bangkok 10400, Thailand
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11
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Scotti C, Barlow JW. Natural Products Containing the Nitrile Functional Group and Their Biological Activities. Nat Prod Commun 2022. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x221099973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The importance of nitriles as a key class of chemicals with applications across the sciences is widely appreciated. The natural world is an underappreciated source of chemically diverse nitriles. With this in mind, this review describes novel nitrile-containing molecules isolated from natural sources from 1998 to 2021, as well as a discussion of the biological activity of these compounds. This study gathers 192 molecules from varied origins across the plant, animal, and microbial worlds. Their biological activity is extremely diverse, with many potential medicinal applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille Scotti
- Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Mulhouse, Université de Haute Alsace, Mulhouse, France
- RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland
| | - James W. Barlow
- RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland
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12
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Liu W, Hao L, Zhang J, Zhu T. Progress in the Electrochemical Reactions of Sulfonyl Compounds. CHEMSUSCHEM 2022; 15:e202102557. [PMID: 35174969 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202102557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 02/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Electrosynthesis has recently attracted more and more attention due to its great potential to replace chemical oxidants or reductants in molecule-electrode electron transfer. Sulfonyl compounds such as sulfonyl hydrazides, sulfinic acids (and their salts), sulfonyl halides have been discovered as practical precursors of several radicals. As electrochemical redox reactions can provide green and efficient pathways for the activation of sulfonyl compounds, studies for electrosynthesis have rapidly increased. Several types of radicals can be generated from anodic oxidation or cathodic reduction of sulfonyl compounds and can initiate fluoroalkylation, benzenesulfonylation, cyclization or rearrangement. In this Review, we summarize the electrosynthesis developments involving sulfonyl compounds mainly in the last decade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wangsheng Liu
- International Joint Research Center for Molecular Science, College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, P. R. China
| | - Lin Hao
- Division of Chemistry & Mathematical Science, School of Physical & Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
| | - Junmin Zhang
- International Joint Research Center for Molecular Science, College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, P. R. China
| | - Tingshun Zhu
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, P. R. China
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13
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Li G, Lou M, Qi X. A brief overview of classical natural product drug synthesis and bioactivity. Org Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1qo01341f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
This manuscript briefly overviewed the total synthesis and structure–activity relationship studies of eight classical natural products, which emphasizes the important role of total synthesis in natural product-based drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gen Li
- National Institute of Biological Sciences (NIBS), 7 Science Park Road ZGC Life Science Park, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Mingliang Lou
- National Institute of Biological Sciences (NIBS), 7 Science Park Road ZGC Life Science Park, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Xiangbing Qi
- National Institute of Biological Sciences (NIBS), 7 Science Park Road ZGC Life Science Park, Beijing 102206, China
- Tsinghua Institute of Multidisciplinary Biomedical Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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