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Cui X, Li X, Xu Z, Guan X, Ma J, Ding D, Zhang W. Fabrication and Characterization of Chitosan/Poly(Lactic-Co-glycolic Acid) Core-Shell Nanoparticles by Coaxial Electrospray Technology for Dual Delivery of Natamycin and Clotrimazole. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:635485. [PMID: 33748084 PMCID: PMC7973235 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.635485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Natamycin (NAT) is the drug of choice for the treatment of fungal keratitis (FK). However, its inherent shortcomings, such as poor solubility, high dosing frequency, and long treatment cycle, need to be urgently addressed by designing a new delivery to widen its clinical utility. Growing research has confirmed that clotrimazole (CLZ) plays a significant role in fungal growth inhibition. Hence, coaxial electrospray (CO-ES) technology is used herein to prepare nano-systems with an average hydrodynamic particle size of 309-406 nm for the co-delivery of NAT and CLZ in chitosan (CTS) and poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA). The resulting NAT/CLZ@CTS/PLGA formulations were characterized by a transmission electron microscope (TEM) and in vitro release test. The results show that the formulations had obvious core-shell structures, uniform particle distribution, and also can sustain the release of drugs over 36 h. Furthermore, in vitro hemolysis, in vivo corneal irritation test, local allergenic test, and antifungal activity analyses are performed to evaluate the safety and efficiency of the formulations. Thus, good biosafety along with a significant anti-candidiasis effect are found in the NAT/CLZ@CTS/PLGA nanoparticles (NPs). Taken together, the results suggest that this design may provide a promising drug delivery system and a new option for the treatment of FK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoming Cui
- College of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Xiaoli Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Weifang Traditional Chinese Hospital, Weifang, China
| | - Zhilu Xu
- College of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Xiuwen Guan
- College of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Target Drug Delivery System, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China.,Shandong Engineering Research Center for Smart Materials and Regenerative Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Jinlong Ma
- College of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Target Drug Delivery System, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China.,Shandong Engineering Research Center for Smart Materials and Regenerative Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Dejun Ding
- College of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Target Drug Delivery System, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China.,Shandong Engineering Research Center for Smart Materials and Regenerative Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Weifen Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Target Drug Delivery System, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China.,Shandong Engineering Research Center for Smart Materials and Regenerative Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
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"Empowering" Cardiac Cells via Stem Cell Derived Mitochondrial Transplantation- Does Age Matter? Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22041824. [PMID: 33673127 PMCID: PMC7918132 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22041824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
With cardiovascular diseases affecting millions of patients, new treatment strategies are urgently needed. The use of stem cell based approaches has been investigated during the last decades and promising effects have been achieved. However, the beneficial effect of stem cells has been found to being partly due to paracrine functions by alterations of their microenvironment and so an interesting field of research, the “stem- less” approaches has emerged over the last years using or altering the microenvironment, for example, via deletion of senescent cells, application of micro RNAs or by modifying the cellular energy metabolism via targeting mitochondria. Using autologous muscle-derived mitochondria for transplantations into the affected tissues has resulted in promising reports of improvements of cardiac functions in vitro and in vivo. However, since the targeted treatment group represents mainly elderly or otherwise sick patients, it is unclear whether and to what extent autologous mitochondria would exert their beneficial effects in these cases. Stem cells might represent better sources for mitochondria and could enhance the effect of mitochondrial transplantations. Therefore in this review we aim to provide an overview on aging effects of stem cells and mitochondria which might be important for mitochondrial transplantation and to give an overview on the current state in this field together with considerations worthwhile for further investigations.
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Aravintha Siva M, Mahalakshmi R, Bhakta-Guha D, Guha G. Gene therapy for the mitochondrial genome: Purging mutations, pacifying ailments. Mitochondrion 2018; 46:195-208. [PMID: 29890303 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2018.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2018] [Revised: 05/24/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
In the recent years, the reported cases of mitochondrial disorders have reached a colossal number. These disorders spawn a sundry of pathological conditions, which lead to pernicious symptoms and even fatality. Due to the unpredictable etiologies, mitochondrial diseases are putatively referred to as "mystondria" (mysterious diseases of mitochondria). Although present-day research has greatly improved our understanding of mitochondrial disorders, effective therapeutic interventions are still at the precursory stage. The conundrum becomes further complicated because these pathologies might occur due to either mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations or due to mutations in the nuclear DNA (nDNA), or both. While correcting nDNA mutations by using gene therapy (replacement of defective genes by delivering wild-type (WT) ones into the host cell, or silencing a dominant mutant allele that is pathogenic) has emerged as a promising strategy to address some mitochondrial diseases, the complications in correcting the defects of mtDNA in order to renovate mitochondrial functions have remained a steep challenge. In this review, we focus specifically on the selective gene therapy strategies that have demonstrated prospects in targeting the pathological mutations in the mitochondrial genome, thereby treating mitochondrial ailments.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Aravintha Siva
- Cellular Dyshomeostasis Laboratory (CDHL), School of Chemical and Bio Technology, SASTRA University, Thanjavur 613 401, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - R Mahalakshmi
- Cellular Dyshomeostasis Laboratory (CDHL), School of Chemical and Bio Technology, SASTRA University, Thanjavur 613 401, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Dipita Bhakta-Guha
- Cellular Dyshomeostasis Laboratory (CDHL), School of Chemical and Bio Technology, SASTRA University, Thanjavur 613 401, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Gunjan Guha
- Cellular Dyshomeostasis Laboratory (CDHL), School of Chemical and Bio Technology, SASTRA University, Thanjavur 613 401, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Cheung LTY, Manthey AL, Lai JSM, Chiu K. Targeted Delivery of Mitochondrial Calcium Channel Regulators: The Future of Glaucoma Treatment? Front Neurosci 2017; 11:648. [PMID: 29213227 PMCID: PMC5702640 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2017.00648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Leanne T Y Cheung
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Abby L Manthey
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jimmy S M Lai
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kin Chiu
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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Ong SB, Lu S, Katwadi K, Ismail NI, Kwek XY, Hausenloy DJ. Nanoparticle delivery of mitoprotective agents to target ischemic heart disease. Future Cardiol 2017; 13:195-198. [DOI: 10.2217/fca-2017-0012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Bing Ong
- Cardiovascular & Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
- National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore
| | - Shengjie Lu
- National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore
| | - Khairunnisa Katwadi
- Cardiovascular & Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
- National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore
| | - Nur Izzah Ismail
- Cardiovascular & Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, Malaysia
| | - Xiu-Yi Kwek
- Cardiovascular & Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
- National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore
| | - Derek J Hausenloy
- Cardiovascular & Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
- National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore
- The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, UK
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Singapore, Singapore
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