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Hou X, Zhang Y, Xu D, Qin S, Xue C, Wang J, Zhou X, Shangguan J, Li Z, Liu J, Jia Z, Lu J. Metabolic profiling of a new synthetic cannabinoid receptor agonist, ADMB-FUBIATA, with human liver microsomes, human primary hepatocytes and human recombinant CYP450 enzymes using LC-quadrupole-orbitrap MS. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2024; 249:116342. [PMID: 38986350 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2024.116342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2024] [Revised: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
A novel synthetic cannabinoid receptor agonist (SCRA), ADMB-FUBIATA, featuring an acetamide-linked structure, has emerged on the illicit drug market. To provide dependable verification of its consumption and identify reliable biomarkers, we investigated an in vitro metabolism study of ADMB-FUBIATA incubated with human primary hepatocytes (HPHs) for the first time and correlated our findings with those from human liver microsomes (HLMs). In this work, ADMB-FUBIATA (10 μM) was incubated with HLM and HPH for 1 and 5 h, respectively, and then subjected to LC-quadrupole-orbitrap MS. A total of 25 metabolites across 8 metabolic pathways were identified after incubation with HLM and HPH, respectively. Monohydroxylation and N-dealkylation were the major metabolic pathways, and formation to ketone was first identified. In addition, the metabolism of ADMB-FUBIATA were found to be mediated by multiple CYP450 enzymes, predominantly CYP2C19, 2D6, and 3A4. This research also initially characterized the fragmentation patterns of the metabolites of ADMB-FUBIATA, elaborating on their structural relationship with ADMB-FUBIATA analogs. To effectively monitor ADMB-FUBIATA abuse, metabolites M4 and M1 were proposed as reliable biomarkers by cross-validating the HLM and HPH incubation results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolong Hou
- School of Investigation, People's Public Security University of China, Beijing 100038, China.
| | - Ying Zhang
- Beijing Public Security Forensic Identification Centre, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Public Security for Toxicological Analysis in Court, Beijing 100192, China.
| | - Duoqi Xu
- Department of Forensic Toxicology, Academy of Forensic Science, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Shanghai 200063, China.
| | - Shiyang Qin
- Beijing Public Security Forensic Identification Centre, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Public Security for Toxicological Analysis in Court, Beijing 100192, China.
| | - Chenyu Xue
- Beijing Public Security Forensic Identification Centre, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Public Security for Toxicological Analysis in Court, Beijing 100192, China.
| | - Jifen Wang
- School of Investigation, People's Public Security University of China, Beijing 100038, China.
| | - Xinyang Zhou
- School of Investigation, People's Public Security University of China, Beijing 100038, China.
| | - Jianyang Shangguan
- School of Investigation, People's Public Security University of China, Beijing 100038, China.
| | - Zhuoyan Li
- School of Investigation, People's Public Security University of China, Beijing 100038, China.
| | - Jiatong Liu
- School of Investigation, People's Public Security University of China, Beijing 100038, China.
| | - Zhenjun Jia
- School of Investigation, People's Public Security University of China, Beijing 100038, China.
| | - Jianghai Lu
- Drug and Food Anti-doping Laboratory, China Anti-Doping Agency, Beijing 100029, China.
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Successful energy shift from glycolysis to mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation in freshly isolated hepatocytes from humanized mice liver. Toxicol In Vitro 2020; 65:104785. [PMID: 31991145 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2020.104785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Revised: 01/25/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial toxicity is a factor of drug-induced liver injury. Previously, we reported an in vitro rat hepatocyte assay where mitochondrial toxicity was more sensitively evaluated, using sugar resource substitution and increased oxygen supply. Although this method could be applicable to human cell-based assay, cryopreserved human hepatocyte (CHH) has some disadvantages/uncertainty, including unstable same donor supply and potential organelle damage due to cryopreservation. Herein, we compared the mitochondrial functions of freshly-isolated hepatocytes from humanized chimeric mice liver (PXB-cells) and three CHH lots to determine the better cell source for mitochondrial toxicity assay. Two CHH lots declined after replacing glucose with galactose. To confirm the shift in energy production from glycolysis to oxidative phosphorylation, lactate and oxygen consumption rate (indicators of glycolytic activity and mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation, respectively) were measured. In PXB-cells, lactate amount decreased, while oxygen consumption in 100 min increased. These effects were less evident in CHH. The cytotoxicity of the select respiratory chain inhibitors was enhanced in PXB-cells upon sugar replacement, but no change occurred with negative control drugs (bicalutamide and metformin). Altogether, PXB-cells was less vulnerable to sugar resource substitution than CHH. The substitution activated mitochondrial function and enhanced cytotoxicity of respiratory chain inhibitors in PXB-cells.
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