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Kugach K, Stark NEP, Farah HG, Hansen RM, Arena SL, Queen RM. Total ankle arthroplasty improves discrete and continuous stance phase gait symmetry. Gait Posture 2024; 113:272-279. [PMID: 38970929 DOI: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2024.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/08/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Total ankle arthroplasty (TAA) is used to treat symptomatic end-stage ankle arthritis (AA). However, little is known about TAA's effects on gait symmetry. RESEARCH QUESTION Determine if symmetry changes from before surgery through two years following TAA utilizing the normalized symmetry index (NSI) and statistical parametric mapping (SPM). METHODS 141 patients with end-stage unilateral AA were evaluated from a previously collected prospective database, where each participant was tested within two weeks of surgery (Pre-Op), one year and two years following TAA. Walking speed, hip extension angle and moment, hip flexion angle, ankle plantarflexion angle and moment, ankle dorsiflexion angle, weight acceptance (GRF1), and propulsive (GRF2) vertical ground reaction forces were calculated for each limb. Gait symmetry was assessed using the NSI. A linear mixed effects model with a single response for each gait symmetry variable was used to examine the fixed effect of follow-up time (Pre-Op, Post-1 yr, Post-2 yr) and the random effect of participant with gait speed as a covariate in the model. A one-dimensional repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) statistical parameter mapping (SPM) was completed to examine differences in the time-series NSI to determine regions of significant differences between follow-up times. RESULTS Relative to Pre-Op values, GRF1, and GRF2 showed increased symmetry for discrete metrics and the time-series NSI across sessions. Hip extension moment had the largest symmetry improvement. Ankle plantarflexion angle was different between Pre-Op and Post-2 yr (p=0.010); and plantarflexion moment was different between Pre- Op and each post-operative session (p<0.001). The time-series Ankle Angle NSI was greater during the early stance phase in the Pre-Op session compared to Post-2 yr. SIGNIFICANCE Symmetry across most of the stance phase improved following TAA indicating that TAA successfully improves gait symmetry and future work should determine if these improvements restore symmetry to levels equivalent with health age-match controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly Kugach
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Virginia Tech - Carilion School of Medicine, Roanoke, VA 24014, USA
| | - Nicole E-P Stark
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Mechanics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Hassan-Galaydh Farah
- Translational Biology, Medicine & Health, Virginia Tech, Roanoke, VA, 24014, USA
| | - Robyn M Hansen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Mechanics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Sara L Arena
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Mechanics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Robin M Queen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Virginia Tech - Carilion School of Medicine, Roanoke, VA 24014, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering and Mechanics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA.
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Coyne LM, Newell M, Hoozemans MJM, Morrison A, Brown SJ. Marker location and knee joint constraint affect the reporting of overhead squat kinematics in elite youth football players. Sports Biomech 2024; 23:740-757. [PMID: 33666149 DOI: 10.1080/14763141.2021.1890197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Motion capture systems are used in the analysis and interpretation of athlete movement patterns for a variety of reasons, but data integrity remains critical regardless. The extent to which marker location or constraining degrees of freedom (DOF) in the biomechanical model impacts on this integrity lacks consensus. Ten elite academy footballers performed bilateral overhead squats using a marker-based motion capture system. Kinematic data were calculated using four different marker sets with 3DOF and 6DOF configurations for the three joint rotations of the right knee. Root mean squared error differences between marker sets ranged in the sagittal plane between 1.02 and 4.19 degrees to larger values in the frontal (1.30-6.39 degrees) and transverse planes (1.33 and 7.97 degrees). The cross-correlation function of the knee kinematic time series for all eight marker-sets ranged from excellent for sagittal plane motion (>0.99) but reduced for both coronal and transverse planes (<0.9). Two-way ANOVA repeated measures calculated at peak knee flexion revealed significant differences between marker sets for frontal and transverse planes (p < 0.05). Pairwise comparisons showed significant differences between some marker sets. Marker location and constraining DOF while measuring relatively large ranges of motion in this population are important considerations for data integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara M Coyne
- School of Medicine, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
- Arsenal Performance & Research Team, Arsenal Football Club, London, UK
- Insight, Centre for Data Analytics, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Micheál Newell
- School of Medicine, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Marco J M Hoozemans
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Vrije University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Andrew Morrison
- Cambridge Centre for Sports and Exercise Sciences, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, UK
| | - Susan J Brown
- School of Applied Sciences Edinburgh, Edinburgh Napier University, Scotland, UK
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3
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Nagaraja VH, Bergmann JHM, Andersen MS, Thompson MS. Comparison of a Scaled Cadaver-Based Musculoskeletal Model With a Clinical Upper Extremity Model. J Biomech Eng 2023; 145:1150107. [PMID: 36346198 DOI: 10.1115/1.4056172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Reliably and accurately estimating joint/segmental kinematics from optical motion capture data has remained challenging. Studies objectively characterizing human movement patterns have typically involved inverse kinematics and inverse dynamics techniques. Subsequent research has included scaled cadaver-based musculoskeletal (MSK) modeling for noninvasively estimating joint and muscle loads. As one of the ways to enhance confidence in the validity of MSK model predictions, the kinematics from the preceding step that drives such a model needs to be checked for agreement or compared with established/widely used models. This study rigorously compares the upper extremity (UE) joint kinematics calculated by the Dutch Shoulder Model implemented in the AnyBody Managed Model Repository (involving multibody kinematics optimization (MKO)) with those estimated by the Vicon Plug-in Gait model (involving single-body kinematics optimization (SKO)). Ten subjects performed three trials of (different types of) reaching tasks in a three-dimensional marker-based optical motion capture laboratory setting. Joint angles, processed marker trajectories, and reconstruction residuals corresponding to both models were compared. Scatter plots and Bland-Altman plots were used to assess the agreement between the two model outputs. Results showed the largest differences between the two models for shoulder, followed by elbow and wrist, with all root-mean-squared differences less than 10 deg (although this limit might be unacceptable for clinical use). Strong-to-excellent Spearman's rank correlation coefficients were found between the two model outputs. The Bland-Altman plots showed a good agreement between most of the outputs. In conclusion, results indicate that these two models with different kinematic algorithms broadly agree with each other, albeit with few key differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikranth H Nagaraja
- Department of Engineering Science, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PJ, UK
| | - Jeroen H M Bergmann
- Department of Engineering Science, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PJ, UK
| | - Michael S Andersen
- Department of Materials and Production, Aalborg University, Fibigerstraede 16, Aalborg East DK-9220, Denmark
| | - Mark S Thompson
- Department of Engineering Science, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PJ, UK
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4
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Dos’Santos T, Stebbings GK, Morse C, Shashidharan M, Daniels KAJ, Sanderson A. Effects of the menstrual cycle phase on anterior cruciate ligament neuromuscular and biomechanical injury risk surrogates in eumenorrheic and naturally menstruating women: A systematic review. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0280800. [PMID: 36701354 PMCID: PMC9879429 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0280800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Eumenorrheic women experience cyclic variations in sex hormones attributed to the menstrual cycle (MC) which can impact anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) properties, knee laxity, and neuromuscular function. This systematic review aimed to examine the effects of the MC on ACL neuromuscular and biomechanical injury risk surrogates during dynamic tasks, to establish whether a particular MC phase predisposes women to greater ACL injury risk. METHODS PubMed, Medline, SPORTDiscus, and Web of Science were searched (May-July 2021) for studies that investigated the effects of the MC on ACL neuromuscular and biomechanical injury risk surrogates. Inclusion criteria were: 1) injury-free women (18-40 years); 2) verified MC phases via biochemical analysis and/or ovulation kits; 3) examined neuromuscular and/or biomechanical injury risk surrogates during dynamic tasks; 4) compared ≥1 outcome measure across ≥2 defined MC phases. RESULTS Seven of 418 articles were included. Four studies reported no significant differences in ACL injury risk surrogates between MC phases. Two studies showed evidence the mid-luteal phase may predispose women to greater risk of non-contact ACL injury. Three studies reported knee laxity fluctuated across the MC; two of which demonstrated MC attributed changes in knee laxity were associated with changes in knee joint loading (KJL). Study quality (Modified Downs and Black Checklist score: 7-9) and quality of evidence were low to very low (Grading of Recommendations Assessment Development and Evaluation: very low). CONCLUSION It is inconclusive whether a particular MC phase predisposes women to greater non-contact ACL injury risk based on neuromuscular and biomechanical surrogates. Practitioners should be cautious manipulating their physical preparation, injury mitigation, and screening practises based on current evidence. Although variable (i.e., magnitude and direction), MC attributed changes in knee laxity were associated with changes in potentially hazardous KJLs. Monitoring knee laxity could therefore be a viable strategy to infer possible ACL injury risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Dos’Santos
- Department of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Musculoskeletal Science and Sports Medicine Research Centre, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Manchester Institute of Sport, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| | - Georgina K. Stebbings
- Department of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Musculoskeletal Science and Sports Medicine Research Centre, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Manchester Institute of Sport, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher Morse
- Department of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Musculoskeletal Science and Sports Medicine Research Centre, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Manchester Institute of Sport, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Medha Shashidharan
- Department of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Musculoskeletal Science and Sports Medicine Research Centre, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Manchester Institute of Sport, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Katherine A. J. Daniels
- Department of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Musculoskeletal Science and Sports Medicine Research Centre, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Manchester Institute of Sport, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Andy Sanderson
- Department of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Musculoskeletal Science and Sports Medicine Research Centre, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Manchester Institute of Sport, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, United Kingdom
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Heuvelmans P, Benjaminse A, Bolt R, Baumeister J, Otten E, Gokeler A. Concurrent validation of the Noraxon MyoMotion wearable inertial sensors in change-of-direction and jump-landing tasks. Sports Biomech 2022:1-16. [PMID: 35786382 DOI: 10.1080/14763141.2022.2093264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Wearable inertial sensors (WIS) facilitate the preservation of the athlete-environment relationship by allowing measurement outside the laboratory. WIS systems should be validated for team sports movements before they are used in sports performance and injury prevention research. The aim of the present study was to investigate the concurrent validity of a wearable inertial sensor system in quantifying joint kinematics during team sport movements. Ten recreationally active participants performed change-of-direction (single-leg deceleration and sidestep cut) and jump-landing (single-leg hop, single-leg crossover hop, and double-leg vertical jump) tasks while motion was recorded by nine inertial sensors (Noraxon MyoMotion, Noraxon USA Inc.) and eight motion capture cameras (Vicon Motion Systems Ltd). Validity of lower-extremity joint kinematics was assessed using measures of agreement (cross-correlation: XCORR) and error (root mean square deviation; and amplitude difference). Excellent agreement (XCORR >0.88) was found for sagittal plane kinematics in all joints and tasks. Highly variable agreement was found for frontal and transverse plane kinematics at the hip and ankle. Errors were relatively high in all planes. In conclusion, the WIS system provides valid estimates of sagittal plane joint kinematics in team sport movements. However, researchers should correct for offsets when comparing absolute joint angles between systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pieter Heuvelmans
- Exercise Science and Neuroscience Unit, Department of Exercise & Health, Paderborn University, Paderborn, Germany
| | - Anne Benjaminse
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
- School of Sport Studies, Hanze University Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Ruben Bolt
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Jochen Baumeister
- Exercise Science and Neuroscience Unit, Department of Exercise & Health, Paderborn University, Paderborn, Germany
| | - Egbert Otten
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Alli Gokeler
- Exercise Science and Neuroscience Unit, Department of Exercise & Health, Paderborn University, Paderborn, Germany
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Ziziene J, Daunoraviciene K, Juskeniene G, Raistenskis J. Comparison of kinematic parameters of children gait obtained by inverse and direct models. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0270423. [PMID: 35749351 PMCID: PMC9231751 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0270423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to compare differences between kinematic parameters of pediatric gait obtained by direct kinematics (DK) (Plug-in-Gait) and inverse kinematics (IK) (AnyBody) models. Seventeen healthy children participated in this study. Both lower extremities were examined using a Vicon 8-camera motion capture system and a force plate. Angles of the hip, knee, and ankle joints were obtained based on DK and IK models, and ranges of motion (ROMs) were identified from them. The standard error of measurement, root-mean-squared error, correlation r, and magnitude-phase (MP) metrics were calculated to compare differences between the models’ outcomes. The determined standard error of measurement between ROMs from the DK and IK models ranged from 0.34° to 0.58°. A significant difference was found in the ROMs with the exception of the left hip’s internal/external rotation. The mean RMSE of all joints’ amplitudes exceeded the clinical significance limit and was 13.6 ± 4.0°. The best curve angles matching nature were found in the sagittal plane, where r was 0.79 to 0.83 and MP metrics were 0.05 to 0.30. The kinematic parameters of pediatric gait obtained by IK and DK differ significantly. Preferably, all of the results obtained by DK must be validated/verified by IK, in order to achieve a more accurate functional assessment of the individual. Furthermore, the use of IK expands the capabilities of gait analysis and allows for kinetic characterisation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jurgita Ziziene
- Department of Biomechanical Engineering, Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Kristina Daunoraviciene
- Department of Biomechanical Engineering, Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Giedre Juskeniene
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Rehabilitation, Physical and Sports Medicine, Health Science Institute, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Juozas Raistenskis
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Rehabilitation, Physical and Sports Medicine, Health Science Institute, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
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Miles JJ, McGuigan PM, King E, Daniels KAJ. Biomechanical asymmetries differ between autograft types during unplanned change of direction after ACL reconstruction. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2022; 32:1236-1248. [PMID: 35419809 DOI: 10.1111/sms.14166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Nine months after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction, athletes who undergo surgery using a bone-patellar-tendon-bone (BPTB) autograft demonstrate higher loading asymmetries during vertical jumping than those with a hamstring tendon (HT) autograft. These asymmetries may transfer into sporting movements with a greater ACL injury risk. The aim of this study was to compare between-limb asymmetries in knee mechanics and task performance during an unplanned 90° change-of-direction (CoD) task in male field sport athletes reconstructed with BPTB or HT autografts. Seventy-eight male multidirectional field sport athletes with either a BPTB (n = 39) or HT (n = 39) autograft completed maximal unplanned CoD trials in a three-dimensional motion capture laboratory at approximately 9 months post-surgery. A mixed-model 2x2 ANOVA (autograft type x limb) was used to compare variables related to ACL injury risk (e.g., internal knee moments) and performance (e.g., completion time) between autografts and limbs. Statistical parametric mapping was used for a waveform comparison throughout stance, supplemented with a discrete point analyses of peak knee moments and performance variables. Interaction effects were found at the knee joint, with BPTB demonstrating greater asymmetries than HT in knee extension moment (p < 0.001); resultant ground reaction force (p < 0.001); peak knee external rotation moment (p = 0.04); and knee adduction (p = 0.05), medial rotation (p < 0.001), and flexion (p < 0.001) angles. No differences were found between autografts for any performance variable. BPTB demonstrated greater lower-limb biomechanical asymmetries than HT during CoD, which may influence knee loading and longer-term outcomes and should thus be targeted during rehabilitation prior to return to play.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua J Miles
- Sports Medicine Research Department, Sports Surgery Clinic, Dublin, Ireland.,Department for Health, University of Bath, Bath, UK
| | | | - Enda King
- Sports Medicine Research Department, Sports Surgery Clinic, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Katherine A J Daniels
- Sports Medicine Research Department, Sports Surgery Clinic, Dublin, Ireland.,Department of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK
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Uno Y, Ogasawara I, Konda S, Wakabayashi K, Miyakawa M, Nambo M, Umegaki K, Cheng H, Hashizume K, Nakata K. Effect of the foot-strike pattern on the sagittal plane knee kinetics and kinematics during the early phase of cutting movements. J Biomech 2022; 136:111056. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2022.111056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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9
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Ogasawara I, Hattori N, Revankar GS, Konda S, Uno Y, Nakano T, Kajiyama Y, Mochizuki H, Nakata K. Symptom Locus and Symptom Origin Incongruity in Runner's Dystonia - Case Study of an Elite Female Runner. Front Hum Neurosci 2022; 15:809544. [PMID: 34975442 PMCID: PMC8716826 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2021.809544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: Runner's dystonia is a task-specific dystonia that occurs in the lower limbs and trunk, with diverse symptomatology. We aimed to identify the origin of a dystonic movement abnormality using combined three-dimensional kinematic analysis and electromyographic (EMG) assessment during treadmill running. Participant: A 20-year-old female runner who complained of right-foot collision with the left-leg during right-leg swing-phase, which mimicked right-ankle focal dystonia. Results: Kinematic and EMG assessment of her running motion was performed, which showed a significant drop of the left pelvis during right-leg stance-phase, and a simultaneous increase of right hip adductor muscle activity. This resulted in a pronounced adduction of the entire right lower limb with respect to the pelvis segment. Trajectories of right foot were seen to encroach upon left-leg area. Discussion: These findings suggested that the symptom of this runner was most likely a form of segmental dystonia originating from an impaired control of hip and pelvis, rather than a distal focal ankle dystonia. Conclusion: We conclude that, for individualized symptom assessment, deconstructing the symptom origin from its secondary compensatory movement is crucial for characterizing dystonia. Kinematic and EMG evaluation will therefore be a prerequisite to distinguish symptom origin from secondary compensatory movement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Issei Ogasawara
- Department of Health and Sport Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Noriaki Hattori
- Department of Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine, Academic Assembly, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Gajanan S Revankar
- Department of Health and Sport Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.,Institute for Transdisciplinary Graduate Degree Programs, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shoji Konda
- Department of Health and Sport Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yuki Uno
- Department of Health and Sport Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tomohito Nakano
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yuta Kajiyama
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.,Department of Neurology, Sakai City Medical Center, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hideki Mochizuki
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Ken Nakata
- Department of Health and Sport Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
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Hill CN, Ross S, Peebles A, Queen RM. Continuous similarity analysis in patient populations. J Biomech 2021; 131:110916. [PMID: 34952349 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2021.110916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Decreased movement symmetry is associated with injury risk and accelerated disease progression. Methods to analyze continuous data either cannot be used in pathologic populations with abnormal movement patterns or are not defined in terms easily incorporated into clinical care. The purpose of this study was to develop a method of describing symmetry and movement quality in continuous time-series data that results in scores that can be readily incorporated into clinical care. Two scores were developed: (1) the symmetry score (SS) which evaluates similarities in time-series data between limbs and (2) the closeness-to-healthy score (CTHS) which evaluates the similarity of time-series data to a control population. Kinetic and kinematic data from 56 end-stage unilateral ankle arthritis (A-OA) patients and 56 healthy older adults, along with 16 anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) patients and 16 healthy young adults were used to test the ability for SS and CTHS to differentiate between healthy and patient groups. Unpaired t-tests, Cohen's D effect sizes, and receiver-operating-curve analyses assessed group differences [SPSS, V27, α = 0.05]. Patients had worse SS than controls and A-OA patients had worse CTHS compared to controls. SS had strong predictive capability, while the predictive capability of CTHS varied. Combined with clinically accessible data collection methods, the SS and CTHS could be used to evaluate patients' baseline movement quality, assess changes due to disease progression, and during recovery. Results could be utilized in clinical decision making to assess surgical intervention urgency and efficacy of surgical interventions or rehabilitation protocols to improve side-to-side limb symmetry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cherice N Hill
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Mechanics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Shane Ross
- Department of Aerospace and Ocean Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Alexander Peebles
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Mechanics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Robin M Queen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Mechanics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA.
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11
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Comparing shallow, deep, and transfer learning in predicting joint moments in running. J Biomech 2021; 129:110820. [PMID: 34717160 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2021.110820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Joint moments are commonly calculated in biomechanics research and provide an indirect measure of muscular behaviors and joint loads. However, joint moments cannot be easily quantified clinically or in the field, primarily due to challenges measuring ground reaction forces outside the laboratory. The present study aimed to compare the accuracy of three different machine learning (ML) techniques - functional regression [ MLfregress ], a deep neural network (DNN) built from scratch [ MLDNN ], and transfer learning [ MLTL ], in predicting joint moments during running. Data for this study came from an open-source dataset and two studies on running with and without external loads. Three-dimensional (3D) joint moments of the hip, knee, and ankle, were derived using inverse dynamics. 3D joint angle, velocity, and acceleration of the three joints served as predictors for each of the three ML techniques. Prediction performance was generally the best using MLDNN, and the worse using MLfregress. Absolute predictive performance was the best for sagittal plane moments, which ranged from a RMSE of 0.16 Nm/kg at the ankle using MLDNN, to a RMSE of 0.49Nm/kg at the knee using MLfregress. MLDNN resulted in the greatest improvement in relative prediction performance (relRMSE) by 20% compared to MLfregress for the ankle adduction-abduction moment. DNN with or without transfer learning was superior in predicting joint moments using kinematic inputs compared to functional regression. Synergizing ML with kinematic inputs has the potential to solve the constraints of obtaining high fidelity biomechanics data normally only possible during laboratory studies.
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12
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Robinson MA, Sharir R, Rafeeuddin R, Vanrenterghem J, Donnelly CJ. The non-sagittal knee moment vector identifies 'at risk' individuals that the knee abduction moment alone does not. Sports Biomech 2021; 22:80-90. [PMID: 33947315 DOI: 10.1080/14763141.2021.1903981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Multi-planar forces and moments are known to injure the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL). In ACL injury risk studies, however, the uni-planar frontal plane external knee abduction moment is frequently studied in isolation. This study aimed to determine if the frontal plane knee moment (KM-Y) could classify all individuals crossing a risk threshold compared to those classified by a multi-planar non-sagittal knee moment vector (KM-YZ). Recreationally active females completed three sports tasks-drop vertical jumps, single-leg drop vertical jumps and planned sidesteps. Peak knee abduction moments and peak non-sagittal resultant knee moments were obtained for each task, and a risk threshold of the sample mean plus 1.6 standard deviations was used for classification. A sensitivity analysis of the threshold from 1-2 standard deviations was also conducted. KM-Y did not identify all participants who crossed the risk threshold as the non-sagittal moment identified unique individuals. This result was consistent across tasks and threshold sensitivities. Analysing the peak uni-planar knee abduction moment alone is therefore likely overly reductionist, as this study demonstrates that a KM-YZ threshold identifies 'at risk' individuals that a KM-Y threshold does not. Multi-planar moment metrics such as KM-YZ may help facilitate the development of screening protocols across multiple tasks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark A Robinson
- School of Sport and Exercise Science, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Raihana Sharir
- Faculty of Sport Science and Recreation, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam, Malaysia
| | - Radin Rafeeuddin
- Faculty of Sport Science and Recreation, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam, Malaysia
| | - Jos Vanrenterghem
- Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation Research Group, Faculty of Movement and Rehabilitation Sciences, KU Leuven, Belgium
| | - Cyril J Donnelly
- Rehabilitation Research Institute of Singapore, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
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Robinson MA, Vanrenterghem J, Pataky TC. Sample size estimation for biomechanical waveforms: Current practice, recommendations and a comparison to discrete power analysis. J Biomech 2021; 122:110451. [PMID: 33933866 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2021.110451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2020] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Testing a prediction is fundamental to scientific experiments. Where biomechanical experiments involve analysis of 1-Dimensional (waveform) data, sample size estimation should consider both 1D variance and hypothesised 1D effects. This study exemplifies 1D sample size estimation using typical biomechanical signals and contrasts this with 0D (discrete) power analysis. For context, biomechanics papers from 2018 and 2019 were reviewed to characterise current practice. Sample size estimation occurred in approximately 4% of 653 papers and reporting practice was mixed. To estimate sample sizes, common biomechanical signals were sourced from the literature and 1D effects were generated artificially using the open-source power1d software. Smooth Gaussian noise was added to the modelled 1D effect to numerically estimate the sample size required. Sample sizes estimated using 1D power procedures varied according to the characteristics of the dataset, requiring only small-to-moderate sample sizes of approximately 5-40 to achieve target powers of 0.8 for reported 1D effects, but were always larger than 0D sample sizes (from N + 1 to >N + 20). The importance of a priori sample size estimation is highlighted and recommendations are provided to improve the consistency of reporting. This study should enable researchers to construct 1D biomechanical effects to address adequately powered, hypothesis-driven, predictive research questions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark A Robinson
- School of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, UK.
| | - Jos Vanrenterghem
- Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation Research Group, Faculty of Movement and Rehabilitation Sciences, Leuven KU, Belgium
| | - Todd C Pataky
- Department of Human Health Sciences, Kyoto University, Japan
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Donnelly CJ, Jackson C, Weir G, Alderson J, Robinson MA. Prescribing joint co-ordinates during model preparation in OpenSim improves lower limb unplanned sidestepping kinematics. J Sci Med Sport 2021; 24:159-163. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2020.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/19/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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15
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McFadden C, Daniels K, Strike S. The effect of simulated marker misplacement on the interpretation of inter-limb differences during a change of direction task. J Biomech 2020; 116:110184. [PMID: 33418480 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2020.110184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The objective assessment of biomechanical asymmetries during movement tasks is used to monitor rehabilitation following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR). Marker placement is an important source of methodological variability within human motion analysis. It is currently unclear how marker placement error effects the interpretation of biomechanical asymmetries throughout post ACLR rehabilitation. The aim of this investigation was to determine the effect of random marker placement variation on the interpretation of inter-limb differences during a change of direction (CoD) task. Forty-seven participants 9 months post-ACLR and fifty uninjured controls completed a 90° CoD task on both limbs. Inter-limb differences in kinematic and kinetic metrics during the CoD stance phase were calculated for both groups using the Vicon Plug-in Gait model, and ACLR subjects were classified as having 'normal' or 'abnormal' inter-limb differences relative to the control group. Simulated random marker displacements based on published marker placement error ranges were then repeatedly applied to the lateral thigh, femoral epicondyle and tibia markers. ACLR inter-limb differences were recalculated each time, allowing the estimation of 95% confidence intervals and minimal identifiable between-session changes. ACLR subjects were also reclassified relative to the control group after each simulation and the percentage of participants to change classification was calculated. Marker displacements caused large deviations in inter-limb difference measures in several variables including hip rotation angle, knee abduction angle and knee abduction moment, thus limiting the ability to identify participants with large inter-limb differences relative to a control group. These findings highlight the challenges in using marker-based biomechanical models to conduct objective assessments of inter-limb differences during CoD tasks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ciarán McFadden
- Sports Medicine Research Department, Sports Surgery Clinic, Dublin, Ireland; Department of Life Sciences, University of Roehampton, London, UK.
| | - Katherine Daniels
- Sports Medicine Research Department, Sports Surgery Clinic, Dublin, Ireland; Queen's School of Engineering, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK; Department of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK
| | - Siobhán Strike
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Roehampton, London, UK
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Cronström A, Creaby MW, Ageberg E. Do knee abduction kinematics and kinetics predict future anterior cruciate ligament injury risk? A systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective studies. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2020; 21:563. [PMID: 32819327 PMCID: PMC7441716 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-020-03552-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To systematically review the association between knee abduction kinematics and kinetics during weight-bearing activities at baseline and the risk of future anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury. METHODS Systematic review and meta-analysis according to PRISMA guidelines. A search in the databases MEDLINE (PubMed), CINAHL, EMBASE and Scopus was performed. Inclusion criteria were prospective studies including people of any age, assessing baseline knee abduction kinematics and/or kinetics during any weight-bearing activity for the lower extremity in individuals sustaining a future ACL injury and in those who did not. RESULTS Nine articles were included in this review. Neither 3D knee abduction angle at initial contact (Mean diff: -1.68, 95%CI: - 4.49 to 1.14, ACL injury n = 66, controls n = 1369), peak 3D knee abduction angle (Mean diff: -2.17, 95%CI: - 7.22 to 2.89, ACL injury n = 25, controls n = 563), 2D peak knee abduction angle (Mean diff: -3.25, 95%CI: - 9.86 to 3.36, ACL injury n = 8, controls n = 302), 2D medial knee displacement (cm; Mean diff:: -0.19, 95%CI: - 0,96 to 0.38, ACL injury n = 72, controls n = 967) or peak knee abduction moment (Mean diff:-10.61, 95%CI: - 26.73 to 5.50, ACL injury n = 54, controls n = 1330) predicted future ACL injury. CONCLUSION Contrary to clinical opinion, our findings indicate that knee abduction kinematics and kinetics during weight-bearing activities may not be risk factors for future ACL injury. Knee abduction of greater magnitude than that observed in the included studies as well as factors other than knee abduction angle or moment, as possible screening measures for knee injury risk should be evaluated in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Cronström
- Department of Health Sciences, Lund University, Box 157, 221 00, Lund, Sweden. .,Department of Community Medicine and Rehabilitation, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.
| | - Mark W Creaby
- School of Exercise Science, Australian Catholic University, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Eva Ageberg
- Department of Health Sciences, Lund University, Box 157, 221 00, Lund, Sweden
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Ogasawara I, Shimokochi Y, Mae T, Nakata K. Rearfoot strikes more frequently apply combined knee valgus and tibial internal rotation moments than forefoot strikes in females during the early phase of cutting maneuvers. Gait Posture 2020; 76:364-371. [PMID: 31901764 DOI: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2019.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Revised: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury often occurs during deceleration maneuvers in sports. Combined knee valgus and tibial internal rotation (VL + IR) moments have been recognized as a risk leading to ACL injury; however, it is unknown how the foot strike pattern (forefoot or rearfoot strike) affects the occurrence rate of the aforementioned combined knee moments during cutting maneuvers. RESEARCH QUESTION To test the hypothesis that rearfoot strikes rather than forefoot strikes show a significantly higher occurrence rate of the combined VL + IR moments during the early stance phase of a cutting maneuver. METHODS Twenty-four females performed 60° cutting maneuvers under rearfoot and forefoot strike conditions. Positional data of lower limb markers and ground reaction force (GRF) were collected. Knee varus/valgus and tibial internal/external rotation moments due to GRF were calculated and time-normalized (0-100 %) to the stance phase. The occurrence rates of combined VL + IR moments were compared between rearfoot and forefoot strike conditions throughout the stance (chi-squared test, p < 0.01). Furthermore, the time patterns of the two knee moments and the position of the GRF acting point were compared using the statistical parametric mapping paired t-test (p < 0.0125). RESULTS Rearfoot strikes more frequently produced combined VL + IR moments than forefoot strikes (maximum occurrence rates: 73.5 % vs. 27.8 %, p < 0.01) during the first 0-40 % of the stance. Both foot strikes consistently showed an increase in knee valgus moment soon after foot impact; however, rearfoot and forefoot strikes respectively applied opposite internal and external rotation moments during the first 0-7 % of stance (p < 0.0125), indicating that the GRF vector that generated knee valgus moment further applied tibial internal rotation moment when it acted posterior to the tibial rotation axis. SIGNIFICANCE The current results suggest that rearfoot strike in cuttings elevates the probability of ACL injury via combined VL + IR moments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Issei Ogasawara
- Department of Health and Sports Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 1-17 Machikaneyama-cho, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan; Department of Sports Medical Biomechanics, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
| | - Yohei Shimokochi
- Department of Health and Sport Management, Osaka University of Health and Sport Sciences, 1-1 Asashirodai, Kumatori-cho, Sennan-gun, Osaka, 590-0496, Japan.
| | - Tatsuo Mae
- Department of Sports Medical Biomechanics, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
| | - Ken Nakata
- Department of Health and Sports Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 1-17 Machikaneyama-cho, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan.
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Papi E, Bull AMJ, McGregor AH. Alteration of movement patterns in low back pain assessed by Statistical Parametric Mapping. J Biomech 2019; 100:109597. [PMID: 31928738 PMCID: PMC7001037 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2019.109597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Revised: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Changes in movement pattern in low back pain (LBP) groups have been analysed by reporting predefined discrete variables. However, this approach does not consider the full kinematic data waveform and its dynamic information, potentially exposing the analysis to bias. Statistical Parametric Mapping (SPM) has been introduced and applied to 1 dimensional (D) kinematic variables allowing the assessment of data over time. The aims of this study were to assess differences in 3D kinematics patterns in people with and without LBP during functional tasks by using SPM and to investigate if SPM analysis was consistent with standard 3D range of motion (RoM) assessments. 3D joints kinematics of the spine and lower limbs were compared between 20 healthy controls and 20 participants with non-specific LBP during walking, sit-to-stand and lifting. SPM analysis showed significant differences in the 3Dkinematics of the lower thoracic segment, upper and lower lumbar segment and knee joint during walking and lifting mostly observed at the beginning and/or towards the end of the tasks. ROMs differed between groups in the lower thoracic segment (walking/sit-to-stand), upper and lower lumbar segments (walking/sit-to-stand/lifting), hip and knee (sit-to-stand/lifting). Based on these results, the two approaches can yield different data interpretations. SPM analysis allows the identification of differences in movement that occur over time. This adds value to LBP movement analysis as it allows an understanding of the LBP strategies adopted during motion that may not be conveyed by simple discrete parameters such as ROMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrica Papi
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK; Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, UK.
| | - Anthony M J Bull
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Alison H McGregor
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
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Nagahara R, Kanehisa H, Fukunaga T. Ground reaction force across the transition during sprint acceleration. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2019; 30:450-461. [DOI: 10.1111/sms.13596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Revised: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ryu Nagahara
- National Institute of Fitness and Sports in Kanoya Kagoshima Japan
| | - Hiroaki Kanehisa
- National Institute of Fitness and Sports in Kanoya Kagoshima Japan
| | - Tetsuo Fukunaga
- National Institute of Fitness and Sports in Kanoya Kagoshima Japan
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20
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Statistical Parametric Mapping as a Measure of Differences Between Limbs: Applications to Clinical Populations. J Appl Biomech 2019; 35:377–387. [PMID: 31629339 DOI: 10.1123/jab.2018-0392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Revised: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
In healthy individuals, symmetrical lower-extremity movement is often assumed and calculated using discrete points during various tasks. However, measuring overall movement patterns using methods such as statistical parametric mapping (SPM) may allow for better interpretation of human movement. This study demonstrated the ability of SPM to assess interlimb differences in lower-extremity movement during 2 example tasks: running and landing. Three-dimensional motion analysis was used to determine sagittal and frontal plane lower-extremity joint angles in (1) young and older individuals during running and (2) patients with anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction and uninjured control athletes during landing. Interlimb differences within each group were compared using SPM and paired t tests on peak discrete angles. No differences between limbs were found between young and older runners using SPM. Peak ankle eversion and plantar flexion angles differed between limbs in young and older runners. Sagittal plane hip angle varied between limbs in uninjured control athletes. Frontal plane ankle angle and sagittal plane knee and hip angles differed between limbs in patients with anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction using SPM and discrete analysis. These data suggest that SPM can be useful to determine clinically meaningful interlimb differences during running and landing in multiple populations.
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21
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Detecting the presence of anterior cruciate ligament injury based on gait dynamics disparity and neural networks. Artif Intell Rev 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10462-019-09758-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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22
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Detecting the presence of anterior cruciate ligament deficiency based on a double pendulum model, intrinsic time-scale decomposition (ITD) and neural networks. Artif Intell Rev 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10462-019-09761-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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23
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Begon M, Andersen MS, Dumas R. Multibody Kinematics Optimization for the Estimation of Upper and Lower Limb Human Joint Kinematics: A Systematized Methodological Review. J Biomech Eng 2019; 140:2666614. [PMID: 29238821 DOI: 10.1115/1.4038741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Multibody kinematics optimization (MKO) aims to reduce soft tissue artefact (STA) and is a key step in musculoskeletal modeling. The objective of this review was to identify the numerical methods, their validation and performance for the estimation of the human joint kinematics using MKO. Seventy-four papers were extracted from a systematized search in five databases and cross-referencing. Model-derived kinematics were obtained using either constrained optimization or Kalman filtering to minimize the difference between measured (i.e., by skin markers, electromagnetic or inertial sensors) and model-derived positions and/or orientations. While hinge, universal, and spherical joints prevail, advanced models (e.g., parallel and four-bar mechanisms, elastic joint) have been introduced, mainly for the knee and shoulder joints. Models and methods were evaluated using: (i) simulated data based, however, on oversimplified STA and joint models; (ii) reconstruction residual errors, ranging from 4 mm to 40 mm; (iii) sensitivity analyses which highlighted the effect (up to 36 deg and 12 mm) of model geometrical parameters, joint models, and computational methods; (iv) comparison with other approaches (i.e., single body kinematics optimization and nonoptimized kinematics); (v) repeatability studies that showed low intra- and inter-observer variability; and (vi) validation against ground-truth bone kinematics (with errors between 1 deg and 22 deg for tibiofemoral rotations and between 3 deg and 10 deg for glenohumeral rotations). Moreover, MKO was applied to various movements (e.g., walking, running, arm elevation). Additional validations, especially for the upper limb, should be undertaken and we recommend a more systematic approach for the evaluation of MKO. In addition, further model development, scaling, and personalization methods are required to better estimate the secondary degrees-of-freedom (DoF).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mickaël Begon
- Département de Kinésiologie, Université de Montréal, 1700 Jacques Tétreault, Laval, QC H7N 0B6, Canada.,Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier, Universitaire Sainte-Justine, 3175 Chemin de la Côte-Sainte-Catherine, Montréal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada e-mail:
| | - Michael Skipper Andersen
- Department of Materials and Production, Aalborg University, Fibigerstrade 16, Aalborg East DK-9220, Denmark e-mail:
| | - Raphaël Dumas
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, IFSTTAR, LBMC UMR_T9406, Lyon F69622, France e-mail:
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Azevedo AM, Wei Q, Oliveira R, Vaz JR, Cortes N. Effect of Two Different Pose Estimation Approaches on Lower Extremity Biomechanics in Professional Dancers. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 2019; 2019:2947-2950. [PMID: 31946508 DOI: 10.1109/embc.2019.8857683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Different algorithms can be used to estimate the pose of musculoskeletal models in biomechanical studies. Visual 3D uses segment optimization whereas OpenSim uses global optimization. Thus, our purpose was to study whether the two approaches would influence the estimation of lower extremity biomechanical parameters. Marker trajectories and ground reaction forces of 6 professional dancers were collected during a single-leg forward jump-landing. The same data set was processed using both approaches. Our findings suggested that the sagittal knee and ankle angles and moments were highly comparable between the two approaches. The ankle sagittal angle and moment showed the lowest offset. On the other hand, the choice of a kinematic model was likely to affect the hip, more evident in the frontal and transverse planes. This may be due to different factors such as the pelvis and femur positions or larger amount of soft tissue in the thigh.
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Faux L, Carlisle A, Vickers J, Diss C. The effect of alterations in foot centre of pressure on lower body kinematics during the five-iron golf swing. J Sports Sci 2019; 37:2014-2020. [PMID: 31076017 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2019.1614714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The research aimed to evaluate the effects of an intervention aimed at altering pressure towards the medial aspect of the foot relating to stability mechanisms associated with the golf swing. We hypothesised that by altering the position of the foot pressure, the lower body stabilisation would improve which in turn would enhance weight distribution and underpinning lower body joint kinematics. Eight professional golf association (PGA) golf coaches performed five golf swings, recorded using a nine-camera motion analysis system synchronised with two force platforms. Following verbal intervention, they performed further five swings. One participant returned following a one-year intervention programme and performed five additional golf swings to provide a longitudinal case study analysis. Golf performance was unchanged evidenced by the velocity and angle of the club at ball impact (BI), although the one-year intervention significantly changed the percentage of weight experienced at each foot in the final 9% of downswing, which provided an even weight distribution at BI. This is a highly relevant finding as it indicates that the foot centre of pressure was central to the base of support and in-line with the centre of mass (CoM), indicating significantly increased stability when the CoM is near maximal acceleration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lesley Faux
- a Department of Life Sciences , University of Roehampton , London , UK
| | - Alison Carlisle
- a Department of Life Sciences , University of Roehampton , London , UK
| | - John Vickers
- b Golf Swing Body Mechanics International , Miami Beach , FL , USA
| | - Ceri Diss
- a Department of Life Sciences , University of Roehampton , London , UK
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26
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Classification of gait patterns in patients with unilateral anterior cruciate ligament deficiency based on phase space reconstruction, Euclidean distance and neural networks. Soft comput 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s00500-019-04017-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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27
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Chappell A, Liew B, Murphy AT, Gibson N, Allison GT, Williams G, Morris SL. The effect of joint translation constraint on within-participant variability of kinematics and kinetics during running in cerebral palsy. Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon) 2019; 63:54-62. [PMID: 30844578 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2019.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2018] [Revised: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Biomechanical data in cerebral palsy are inherently variable but no optimal model of translational joint constraint has been identified. The primary aim of this study was to determine which model of translational joint constraint resulted in the lowest within-participant variability of lower limb joint angles and moments. The secondary aim was to determine which model best distinguished known functional groups in Cerebral Palsy. METHODS Three models (three degrees of freedom, six degrees of freedom and six degrees of freedom with specified joint translation constraint) were applied to data from running trials of 40 children with cerebral palsy. FINDINGS Joint angle standard deviations were largest using the six degrees of freedom model and smallest using the constrained six degrees of freedom model (p < 0.050). For all joints in all planes of motion, joint moment standard deviations were largest using the six degrees of freedom model and smallest using the constrained six degrees of freedom model; standard deviations using the constrained model were smaller than the three degrees of freedom model by 10-30% of moment magnitude (0.01-0.03 Nm/kg; p < 0.001). The six degrees of freedom models distinguished functional subgroups with larger effect size than the three degrees of freedom model only for hip power generation in swing. INTERPRETATION A model with specified joint constraint minimized within-participant variability during running and was useful for detecting differences in functional capacity in cerebral palsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Chappell
- School of Physiotherapy and Exercise Science, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.
| | - B Liew
- School of Physiotherapy and Exercise Science, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia; Centre of Precision Rehabilitation for Spinal Pain (CPR Spine), School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
| | - A T Murphy
- Clinical Research Centre for Movement Disorders and Gait, Monash Health, Victoria, Australia; Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Victoria, Australia.
| | - N Gibson
- School of Physiotherapy and Exercise Science, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia; Perth Children's Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.
| | - G T Allison
- School of Physiotherapy and Exercise Science, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - G Williams
- School of Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Epworth HealthCare, Victoria, Australia.
| | - S L Morris
- School of Physiotherapy and Exercise Science, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
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Zeng W, Ismail SA, Lim YP, Smith R, Pappas E. Classification of Gait Patterns Using Kinematic and Kinetic Features, Gait Dynamics and Neural Networks in Patients with Unilateral Anterior Cruciate Ligament Deficiency. Neural Process Lett 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s11063-018-9965-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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29
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King E, Richter C, Franklyn-Miller A, Daniels K, Wadey R, Jackson M, Moran R, Strike S. Biomechanical but not timed performance asymmetries persist between limbs 9 months after ACL reconstruction during planned and unplanned change of direction. J Biomech 2018; 81:93-103. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2018.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Revised: 08/26/2018] [Accepted: 09/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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30
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Wu W, Zeng W, Ma L, Yuan C, Zhang Y. Modeling and classification of gait patterns between anterior cruciate ligament deficient and intact knees based on phase space reconstruction, Euclidean distance and neural networks. Biomed Eng Online 2018; 17:165. [PMID: 30382920 PMCID: PMC6211421 DOI: 10.1186/s12938-018-0594-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) plays an important role in stabilizing translation and rotation of the tibia relative to the femur. ACL injury alters knee kinematics and usually links to the alternation of gait patterns. The aim of this study is to develop a new method to distinguish between gait patterns of patients with anterior cruciate ligament deficient (ACL-D) knees and healthy controls with ACL-intact (ACL-I) knees based on nonlinear features and neural networks. Therefore ACL injury will be automatically and objectively detected. METHODS First knee rotation and translation parameters are extracted and phase space reconstruction (PSR) is employed. The properties associated with the gait system dynamics are preserved in the reconstructed phase space. For the purpose of classification of ACL-D and ACL-I knee gait patterns, three-dimensional (3D) PSR together with Euclidean distance computation has been used. These measured parameters show significant difference in gait dynamics between the two groups and have been utilized to form a feature set. Neural networks are then constructed to identify gait dynamics and are utilized as the classifier to distinguish between ACL-D and ACL-I knee gait patterns based on the difference of gait dynamics between the two groups. RESULTS Experiments are carried out on a database containing 18 patients with ACL injury and 28 healthy controls to assess the effectiveness of the proposed method. By using the twofold and leave-one-subject-out cross-validation styles, the correct classification rates for ACL-D and ACL-I knees are reported to be 91.3[Formula: see text] and 95.65[Formula: see text], respectively. CONCLUSION Compared with other state-of-the-art methods, the results demonstrate that gait alterations in the presence of ACL deficiency can be detected with superior performance. The proposed method is a potential candidate for the automatic and non-invasive classification between patients with ACL deficiency and healthy subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenbao Wu
- Department of Acupuncture, Longyan First Hospital, Longyan, 364000, China
| | - Wei Zeng
- School of Physics and Mechanical & Electrical Engineering, Longyan University, Longyan, 364012, China.
| | - Limin Ma
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Guangzhou General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command, Guangzhou, 510010, China
| | - Chengzhi Yuan
- Department of Mechanical, Industrial and Systems Engineering, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, 02881, USA
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080, China
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Sharir R. Mapping current research trends on anterior cruciate ligament injury risk against the existing evidence: In vivo biomechanical risk factors - Response to Letter to the Editor. Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon) 2018; 56:90-91. [PMID: 27481570 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2016.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2016] [Accepted: 07/21/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Raihana Sharir
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Science, Liverpool John Moores University, United Kingdom.
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Hébert-Losier K, Schelin L, Tengman E, Strong A, Häger CK. Curve analyses reveal altered knee, hip, and trunk kinematics during drop-jumps long after anterior cruciate ligament rupture. Knee 2018. [PMID: 29525548 DOI: 10.1016/j.knee.2017.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) ruptures may lead to knee dysfunctions later in life. Single-leg tasks are often evaluated, but bilateral movements may also be compromised. Our aim was to use curve analyses to examine double-leg drop-jump kinematics in ACL-reconstructed, ACL-deficient, and healthy-knee cohorts. METHODS Subjects with unilateral ACL ruptures treated more than two decades ago (17-28years) conservatively with physiotherapy (ACLPT, n=26) or in combination with reconstructive surgery (ACLR, n=28) and healthy-knee controls (n=25) performed 40-cm drop-jumps. Three-dimensional knee, hip, and trunk kinematics were analyzed during Rebound, Flight, and Landing phases. Curves were time-normalized and compared between groups (injured and non-injured legs of ACLPT and ACLR vs. non-dominant and dominant legs of controls) and within groups (between legs) using functional analysis of variance methods. RESULTS Compared to controls, ACL groups exhibited less knee and hip flexion on both legs during Rebound and greater knee external rotation on their injured leg at the start of Rebound and Landing. ACLR also showed less trunk flexion during Rebound. Between-leg differences were observed in ACLR only, with the injured leg more internally rotated at the hip. Overall, kinematic curves were similar between ACLR and ACLPT. However, compared to controls, deviations spanned a greater proportion of the drop-jump movement at the hip in ACLR and at the knee in ACLPT. CONCLUSIONS Trunk and bilateral leg kinematics during double-leg drop-jumps are still compromised long after ACL-rupture care, independent of treatment. Curve analyses indicate the presence of distinct compensatory mechanisms in ACLPT and ACLR compared to controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim Hébert-Losier
- The University of Waikato, Faculty of Health, Sport and Human Performance, Adams Centre for High Performance, 52 Miro Street, Mount Maunganui, Tauranga 3116, New Zealand.
| | - Lina Schelin
- Umeå University, Department of Statistics, Umeå School of Business and Economics, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Eva Tengman
- Umeå University, Department of Community Medicine and Rehabilitation Physiotherapy, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Andrew Strong
- Umeå University, Department of Community Medicine and Rehabilitation Physiotherapy, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Charlotte K Häger
- Umeå University, Department of Community Medicine and Rehabilitation Physiotherapy, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden
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de Melker Worms JLA, Stins JF, Beek PJ, Loram ID. The effect of fear of falling on vestibular feedback control of balance. Physiol Rep 2017; 5:5/18/e13391. [PMID: 28963123 PMCID: PMC5617925 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.13391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2017] [Revised: 07/23/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Vestibular sensation contributes to cervical‐head stabilization and fall prevention. To what extent fear of falling influences the associated vestibular feedback processes is currently undetermined. We used galanic vestibular stimulation (GVS) to induce vestibular reflexes while participants stood at ground level and on a narrow walkway at 3.85 m height to induce fear of falling. Fear was confirmed by questionnaires and elevated skin conductance. Full‐body kinematics was measured to differentiate the whole‐body centre of mass response (CoM) into component parts (cervical, axial trunk, appendicular short latency, and medium latency). We studied the effect of fear of falling on each component to discern their underlying mechanisms. Statistical parametric mapping analysis provided sensitive discrimination of early GVS and height effects. Kinematic analysis revealed responses at 1 mA stimulation previously believed marginal through EMG and force plate analysis. The GVS response comprised a rapid, anode‐directed cervical‐head acceleration, a short‐latency cathode‐directed acceleration (cathodal buckling) of lower extremities and pelvis, an anode‐directed upper thorax acceleration, and subsequently a medium‐latency anode‐directed acceleration of all body parts. At height, head and upper thorax early acceleration were unaltered, however, short‐latency lower extremity acceleration was increased. The effect of height on balance was a decreased duration and increased rate of change in the CoM acceleration pattern. These results demonstrate that fear modifies vestibular control of balance, whereas cervical‐head stabilization is governed by different mechanisms unaffected by fear of falling. The mechanical pattern of cathodal buckling and its modulation by fear of falling both support the hypothesis that short‐latency responses contribute to regulate balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan L A de Melker Worms
- Cognitive Motor Function research group School of Healthcare Science Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - John F Stins
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Peter J Beek
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ian D Loram
- Cognitive Motor Function research group School of Healthcare Science Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, United Kingdom
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Farr S, Kranzl A, Hahne J, Ganger R. Rotational gait patterns in children and adolescents following tension band plating of idiopathic genua valga. J Orthop Res 2017; 35:1617-1624. [PMID: 27617888 DOI: 10.1002/jor.23434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2016] [Accepted: 09/08/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Literature suggests that children and adolescents with idiopathic genua valga present with considerable gait deviations in frontal and transverse planes, including altered frontal knee moments, reduced external knee rotation, and increased external hip rotation. This study aimed to evaluate gait parameters in these patients after surgical correction using tension band plating (TBP). We prospectively evaluated 24 consecutive, skeletally immature patients, who received full-length standing radiographs and three-dimensional gait analysis before and after correction, and compared the results observed to a group of 11 typically developing peers. Prior to TBP the cohort showed significantly decreased (worse) internal frontal knee moments compared to the control group. After axis correction the mean and maximum knee moments changed significantly into normalized knee moments (p < 0.0001). In the transverse plane, only the foot progression angle (p = 0.020) changed significantly following intervention. Post-correction knee moments were similar to controls (p = 0.175), but the patient cohort exhibited a significantly decreased knee external rotation (p = 0.004) and increased external hip rotation (p < 0.001) during gait. In addition, the effect of transverse plane changes on knee moments in patients with restored, straight limb axis was calculated. Hence, patients with restored alignment but persistence of decreased external knee rotation demonstrated significantly greater knee moments than those without rotational abnormalities (p = 0.001). This study found that frontal knee moments during gait normalized in children with idiopathic genua valga after surgery. However, decreased external knee rotation and increased external hip rotation during gait persisted in the study cohort. Despite radiological correction, decreased external rotation during gait was associated with increases in medial knee loading. Surgical correction for children with genua valga but normal knee moments may be detrimental, due to redistribution of dynamic knee loading into the opposite joint compartment. © 2016 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 35:1617-1624, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Farr
- Department of Pediatric Orthopedics and Adult Foot and Ankle Surgery, Orthopedic Hospital Speising, Speisingerstrasse 109, A-1130, Vienna, Austria
| | - Andreas Kranzl
- Laboratory for Gait and Movement Analysis, Orthopedic Hospital Speising, Vienna, Austria
| | - Julia Hahne
- Vinzenz Gruppe Center of Orthopedic Excellence, Vienna, Austria
| | - Rudolf Ganger
- Department of Pediatric Orthopedics and Adult Foot and Ankle Surgery, Orthopedic Hospital Speising, Speisingerstrasse 109, A-1130, Vienna, Austria
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de Melker Worms JLA, Stins JF, van Wegen EEH, Verschueren SMP, Beek PJ, Loram ID. Effects of attentional focus on walking stability in elderly. Gait Posture 2017; 55:94-99. [PMID: 28433868 DOI: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2017.03.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2016] [Revised: 03/05/2017] [Accepted: 03/30/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Balance performance in the elderly is related to psychological factors such as attentional focus. We investigated the effects of internal vs. external focus of attention and fall history on walking stability in healthy older adults. METHOD Walking stability of twenty-eight healthy older adults was assessed by applying random unilateral decelerations on a split-belt treadmill and analysing the resulting balance recovery movements. The internal focus instruction was: concentrate on the movement of your legs, whereas the external focus instruction was: concentrate on the movement of the treadmill. In both conditions participants were asked to look ahead at a screen. Outcome measures were coefficient of variation of step length and step width, and characteristics of the centre of mass velocity time-series as analysed using statistical parametric mapping. Fall history was assessed using a questionnaire. RESULTS After each perturbation participants required two to three strides to regain a normal gait pattern, as determined by the centre of mass velocity response. No effects were found of internal and external focus of attention instructions and fall history on any of the outcome measures. DISCUSSION We conclude that, compared to an internal focus of attention instruction, external focus to the walking surface does not lead to improved balance recovery responses to gait perturbations in the elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan L A de Melker Worms
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, The Netherlands; Cognitive Motor Function Research Group, School of Healthcare Science, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, United Kingdom.
| | - John F Stins
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, The Netherlands.
| | - Erwin E H van Wegen
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, The Netherlands.
| | - Sabine M P Verschueren
- Research Group of Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation, Department of rehabilitation, Katholieke Universiteit, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Peter J Beek
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, The Netherlands.
| | - Ian D Loram
- Cognitive Motor Function Research Group, School of Healthcare Science, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, United Kingdom.
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Liew BX, Morris S, Netto K. The effects of load carriage on joint work at different running velocities. J Biomech 2016; 49:3275-3280. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2016.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2015] [Revised: 08/08/2016] [Accepted: 08/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Sharir R, Rafeeuddin R, Staes F, Dingenen B, George K, Vanrenterghem J, Robinson MA. Mapping current research trends on anterior cruciate ligament injury risk against the existing evidence: In vivo biomechanical risk factors. Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon) 2016; 37:34-43. [PMID: 27286556 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2016.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2015] [Revised: 04/05/2016] [Accepted: 05/31/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Whilst many studies measure large numbers of biomechanical parameters and associate these to anterior cruciate ligament injury risk, they cannot be considered as anterior cruciate ligament injury risk factors without evidence from prospective studies. A review was conducted to systematically assess the in vivo biomechanical literature to identify biomechanical risk factors for non-contact anterior cruciate ligament injury during dynamic sports tasks; and to critically evaluate the research trends from retrospective and associative studies investigating non-contact anterior cruciate ligament injury risk. METHODS An electronic literature search was undertaken on studies examining in vivo biomechanical risk factors associated with non-contact anterior cruciate ligament injury. The relevant studies were assessed by classification; level 1 - a prospective cohort study, level 2 - a retrospective study or level 3 - an associative study. FINDINGS An initial search revealed 812 studies but this was reduced to 1 level 1 evidence study, 20 level 2 evidence studies and 175 level 3 evidence studies that met all inclusion criteria. Level 1 evidence showed that the knee abduction angle, knee abduction moment and ground reaction force were biomechanical risk factors. Nine level 2 studies and eighty-three level 3 studies used these to assess risk factors in their study. Inconsistencies in results and methods were observed in level 2 and 3 studies. INTERPRETATION There is a lack of high quality, prospective level 1 evidence related to biomechanical risk factors for non-contact anterior cruciate ligament injury. More prospective cohort studies are required to determine risk factors and provide improved prognostic capability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raihana Sharir
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Science, Liverpool John Moores University, United Kingdom.
| | - Radin Rafeeuddin
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Science, Liverpool John Moores University, United Kingdom
| | - Filip Staes
- KU Leuven Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation Research Group, Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Kinesiology and Rehabilitation Sciences, Belgium
| | - Bart Dingenen
- KU Leuven Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation Research Group, Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Kinesiology and Rehabilitation Sciences, Belgium
| | - Keith George
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Science, Liverpool John Moores University, United Kingdom
| | - Jos Vanrenterghem
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Science, Liverpool John Moores University, United Kingdom
| | - Mark A Robinson
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Science, Liverpool John Moores University, United Kingdom
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Liew BXW, Morris S, Netto K. Joint power and kinematics coordination in load carriage running: Implications for performance and injury. Gait Posture 2016; 47:74-9. [PMID: 27264407 DOI: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2016.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2015] [Revised: 03/14/2016] [Accepted: 04/14/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Investigating the impact of incremental load magnitude on running joint power and kinematics is important for understanding the energy cost burden and potential injury-causative mechanisms associated with load carriage. It was hypothesized that incremental load magnitude would result in phase-specific, joint power and kinematic changes within the stance phase of running, and that these relationships would vary at different running velocities. Thirty-one participants performed running while carrying three load magnitudes (0%, 10%, 20% body weight), at three velocities (3, 4, 5m/s). Lower limb trajectories and ground reaction forces were captured, and global optimization was used to derive the variables. The relationships between load magnitude and joint power and angle vectors, at each running velocity, were analyzed using Statistical Parametric Mapping Canonical Correlation Analysis. Incremental load magnitude was positively correlated to joint power in the second half of stance. Increasing load magnitude was also positively correlated with alterations in three dimensional ankle angles during mid-stance (4.0 and 5.0m/s), knee angles at mid-stance (at 5.0m/s), and hip angles during toe-off (at all velocities). Post hoc analyses indicated that at faster running velocities (4.0 and 5.0m/s), increasing load magnitude appeared to alter power contribution in a distal-to-proximal (ankle→hip) joint sequence from mid-stance to toe-off. In addition, kinematic changes due to increasing load influenced both sagittal and non-sagittal plane lower limb joint angles. This study provides a list of plausible factors that may influence running energy cost and injury risk during load carriage running.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernard X W Liew
- School of Physiotherapy and Exercise Sciences, Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Perth, WA 6845, Australia.
| | - Susan Morris
- School of Physiotherapy and Exercise Sciences, Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Perth, WA 6845, Australia
| | - Kevin Netto
- School of Physiotherapy and Exercise Sciences, Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Perth, WA 6845, Australia
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Kainz H, Modenese L, Lloyd D, Maine S, Walsh H, Carty C. Joint kinematic calculation based on clinical direct kinematic versus inverse kinematic gait models. J Biomech 2016; 49:1658-1669. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2016.03.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2015] [Revised: 12/31/2015] [Accepted: 03/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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40
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Augustus S, Mundy P, Smith N. Support leg action can contribute to maximal instep soccer kick performance: an intervention study. J Sports Sci 2016; 35:89-98. [DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2016.1156728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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How reliable are knee kinematics and kinetics during side-cutting manoeuvres? Gait Posture 2015; 41:905-11. [PMID: 25843234 DOI: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2015.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2014] [Revised: 03/19/2015] [Accepted: 03/21/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Side-cutting tasks are commonly used in dynamic assessment of ACL injury risk, but only limited information is available concerning the reliability of knee loading parameters. The aim of this study was to investigate the reliability of side-cutting data with additional focus on modelling approaches and task execution variables. METHODS Each subject (n=8) attended six testing sessions conducted by two observers. Kinematic and kinetic data of 45° side-cutting tasks was collected. Inter-trial, inter-session, inter-observer variability and observer/trial ratios were calculated at every time-point of normalised stance, for data derived from two modelling approaches. Variation in task execution variables was regressed against that of temporal profiles of relevant knee data using one-dimensional statistical parametric mapping. RESULTS Variability in knee kinematics was consistently low across the time-series waveform (≤5°), but knee kinetic variability was high (31.8, 24.1 and 16.9 Nm for sagittal, frontal and transverse planes, respectively) in the weight acceptance phase of the side-cutting task. Calculations conveyed consistently moderate-to-good measurement reliability. Inverse kinematic modelling reduced the variability in sagittal (∼6 Nm) and frontal planes (∼10 Nm) compared to direct kinematic modelling. Variation in task execution variables did not explain any knee data variability. CONCLUSION Side-cutting data appears to be reliably measured, however high knee moment variability exhibited in all planes, particularly in the early stance phase, suggests cautious interpretation towards ACL injury mechanics. Such variability may be inherent to the dynamic nature of the side-cutting task or experimental issues not yet known.
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