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Agius TP, Cerasola D, Gauci M, Sciriha A, Sillato D, Formosa C, Gatt A, Xerri de Caro J, Needham R, Chockalingam N, Grima JN. The Kinematics of Fixed-Seat Rowing: A Structured Synthesis. Bioengineering (Basel) 2023; 10:774. [PMID: 37508801 PMCID: PMC10376464 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering10070774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Olympic-style sliding-seat rowing is a sport that has been extensively researched, with studies investigating aspects related to the physiology, biomechanics, kinematics, and the performance of rowers. In contrast, studies on the more classic form of fixed-seat rowing are sparse. The aim of this study is to address this lacuna by analysing for the first time the specific kinematics of fixed-seat rowing as practised by able-bodied athletes, thus (i) documenting how this technique is performed in a manner that is replicable by others and (ii) showing how this technique compares and contrasts with the more standard sliding-seat technique. Fixed-seat rowing was replicated in a biomechanics laboratory where experienced fixed-seat rowers, marked with reflective markers following the modified Helen-Hayes model, were asked to row in a manner that mimics rowing on a fixed-seat boat. The findings from this study, complimented with data gathered through the observation of athletes rowing on water, were compared to sliding-seat ergometer rowing and other control experiments. The results show that, in fixed-seat rowing, there is more forward and backward thoracic movement than in sliding-seat rowing (75-77° vs. 44-52°, p < 0.0005). Tilting of the upper body stems was noted to result from rotations around the pelvis, as in sliding-seat rowing, rather than from spinal movements. The results also confirmed knee flexion in fixed-seat rowing with a range of motion of 30-35°. This is less pronounced than in standard-seat rowing, but not insignificant. These findings provide a biomechanical explanation as to why fixed-seat rowers do not have an increased risk of back injuries when compared with their sliding-seat counterparts. They also provide athletes, coaches, and related personnel with precise and detailed information of how fixed-seat rowing is performed so that they may formulate better and more specific evidence-based training programs to meliorate technique and performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tonio P Agius
- Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Malta, MSD 2080 Msida, Malta
| | - Dario Cerasola
- Italian Rowing Federation, Viale Tiziano, 74, 00196 Rome, Italy
- Department of Psychology, Educational Science and Human Movement, University of Palermo, 90100 Palermo, Italy
| | - Michael Gauci
- Metamaterials Unit, Faculty of Science, University of Malta, MSD 2080 Msida, Malta
| | - Anabel Sciriha
- Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Malta, MSD 2080 Msida, Malta
| | - Darren Sillato
- Department of Podiatry, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Malta, MSD 2080 Msida, Malta
| | - Cynthia Formosa
- Department of Podiatry, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Malta, MSD 2080 Msida, Malta
- Centre for Biomechanics and Rehabilitation Technologies, School of Health, Science and Wellbeing, Staffordshire University, Stoke-on-Trent ST4 2DF, UK
| | - Alfred Gatt
- Department of Podiatry, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Malta, MSD 2080 Msida, Malta
- Centre for Biomechanics and Rehabilitation Technologies, School of Health, Science and Wellbeing, Staffordshire University, Stoke-on-Trent ST4 2DF, UK
| | - John Xerri de Caro
- Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Malta, MSD 2080 Msida, Malta
| | - Robert Needham
- Centre for Biomechanics and Rehabilitation Technologies, School of Health, Science and Wellbeing, Staffordshire University, Stoke-on-Trent ST4 2DF, UK
| | - Nachiappan Chockalingam
- Department of Podiatry, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Malta, MSD 2080 Msida, Malta
- Centre for Biomechanics and Rehabilitation Technologies, School of Health, Science and Wellbeing, Staffordshire University, Stoke-on-Trent ST4 2DF, UK
| | - Joseph N Grima
- Metamaterials Unit, Faculty of Science, University of Malta, MSD 2080 Msida, Malta
- Siġġiewi Rowing Club, 181, Melita Street, VLT 1129 Valletta, Malta
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Cerasola D, Zangla D, Grima JN, Bellafiore M, Cataldo A, Traina M, Capranica L, Maksimovic N, Drid P, Bianco A. Can the 20 and 60 s All-Out Test Predict the 2000 m Indoor Rowing Performance in Athletes? Front Physiol 2022; 13:828710. [PMID: 35721540 PMCID: PMC9204532 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.828710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: The purpose of this study was to look for a new, simple, and fast method of assessing and monitoring indoor race performance and to assess the relationship between 20 s, 60 s, and 2000 m indoor rowing performances of youth rowers to evaluate their anaerobic profile. Methods: For three consecutive days, 17 young able-bodied male rowers (15.8 ± 2.0 years), performed three tests (20 s, 60 s, and 2000 m) on a rowing ergometer. Mean power (W20, W60, and W2000) and 2000 m time (t2000) were considered for the analysis. In addition, 14 athletes (15–18 years) performed a 20 s, 60 s, and 2000 m tests and used this as a control group. To define the anaerobic profile of the athletes, W20 and W60 were normalized as percentages of W2000. Associations between variables were determined by means of the Pearson correlation coefficient (r). Results: Mean power decreased with increasing test duration (W20 = 525.1 ± 113.7 W; W60 = 476.1 ± 91.0 W; W2000=312.9 ± 56.0 W) and negative correlations emerged between t2000 (418.5 ± 23.1 s) and W20 (r = −0.952, p < 0.0001) and W60 (r = −0.930, p < 0.0001). Conclusion: These findings indicate that W20 and W60 are significant predictors of 2000 m rowing ergometer performances. Furthermore, normalized W20 and W60 can be used to evaluate athletes and as a reference for planning anaerobic training sessions, on a rowing ergometer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dario Cerasola
- Department of Psychology, Educational Science and Human Movement, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
- Italian Rowing Federation, Turin, Italy
- *Correspondence: Dario Cerasola,
| | - Daniele Zangla
- Department of Psychology, Educational Science and Human Movement, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
- Italian Rowing Federation, Turin, Italy
| | - Joseph N. Grima
- Metamaterials Unit, Faculty of Science, University of Malta, Msida, Malta
| | - Marianna Bellafiore
- Department of Psychology, Educational Science and Human Movement, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Angelo Cataldo
- Department of Psychology, Educational Science and Human Movement, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Marcello Traina
- Department of Psychology, Educational Science and Human Movement, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Laura Capranica
- Department of Human Movement and Sport Sciences, University of Foro Italico, Rome, Italy
| | - Nemanja Maksimovic
- Faculty of Sport and Physical Education, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Patrik Drid
- Faculty of Sport and Physical Education, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Antonino Bianco
- Department of Psychology, Educational Science and Human Movement, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
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Flood A, Keegan RJ. Cognitive Resilience to Psychological Stress in Military Personnel. Front Psychol 2022; 13:809003. [PMID: 35369170 PMCID: PMC8966027 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.809003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Military personnel often perform complex cognitive operations under unique conditions of intense stress. This requirement to perform diverse physical and mental tasks under stress, often with high stakes, has led to recognition of the term 'tactical athlete' for these performers. Impaired cognitive performance as a result of this stress may have serious implications for the success of military operations and the well-being of military service men and women, particularly in combat scenarios. Therefore, understanding the nature of the stress experienced by military personnel and the resilience of cognitive functioning to this stress is of great importance. This review synthesises the current state of the literature regarding cognitive resilience to psychological stress in tactical athletes. The experience of psychological stress in military personnel is considered through the lens of the Transactional Theory of stress, while offering contemporary updates and new insights. Models of the effects of stress on cognitive performance are then reviewed to highlight the complexity of this interaction before considering recent advancements in the preparation of military personnel for the enhancement of cognitive resilience. Several areas for future research are identified throughout the review, emphasising the need for the wider use of self-report measures and mixed methods approaches to better reflect the subjective experience of stress and its impact on the performance of cognitive operations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Flood
- University of Canberra Research Institute for Sport and Exercise, University of Canberra, Bruce, ACT, Australia
- Discipline of Psychology, Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, Bruce, ACT, Australia
| | - Richard J. Keegan
- University of Canberra Research Institute for Sport and Exercise, University of Canberra, Bruce, ACT, Australia
- Discipline of Sport and Exercise Science, Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, Bruce, ACT, Australia
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Walsh M, Crowell N, Merenstein D. Exploring Health Demographics of Female Collegiate Rowers. J Athl Train 2020; 55:636-643. [PMID: 32396472 DOI: 10.4085/1062-6050-132-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Limited information exists about health patterns among female rowers at the collegiate level. Furthermore, the element of weight class (lightweights classified as <130 lb [59 kg]) as a factor in the physical and mental health of female collegiate athletes has not been investigated, despite weight requirements in sport being a risk factor for the female athlete triad. OBJECTIVE To test the hypotheses that (1) components of the female athlete triad were more prevalent in lightweight than in openweight rowers; (2) perceived stress levels were greater in lightweight than in openweight rowers; and (3) rowers who were unable to row due to injury had greater perceived stress levels than uninjured athletes. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. SETTING Twelve collegiate women's rowing programs consisting of 6 National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I openweight and 6 Intercollegiate Rowing Association-level lightweight teams. PATIENTS OR OTHER PARTICIPANTS A total of 158 female collegiate rowers (78 lightweight, 80 openweight). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) An electronic survey addressing injury history, diet and eating habits and body image (according to the triad screening questionnaire), stress levels (Perceived Stress Scale), and athlete identity (Athlete Identity Measurement Scale) was administered. RESULTS Lightweight rowers reported limiting or carefully controlling foods more frequently than openweight rowers (41.9% to 29.9%, P = .013). A history of an eating disorder was more prevalent among lightweight than openweight rowers (25.7% to 13.0%, P = .048). Prevalences of stress fractures and menstrual irregularities did not differ between weight classes. Lightweight and openweight rowers' scores on the Perceived Stress Scale (16.0 ± 9.9 and 17.3 ± 6.4, respectively) were not different. Injured rowers scored higher on the Perceived Stress Scale (19.4 ± 7.2) than did uninjured rowers (16.6 ± 5.72). CONCLUSIONS Weight class did not contribute to differences in the prevalence of female athlete triad components or perceived stress, although lightweight rowers were more likely to have a history of eating disorder. Injury may be a risk factor for increased stress in this population.
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Simim MADM, Souza HDS, Cardoso Filho CA, Gianoni RLDS, Bezerra RR, Affonso HDO, Amadio AC, D’Almeida V, Serrão JC, Claudino JG. Sleep quality monitoring in individual sports athletes: parameters and definitions by systematic review. Sleep Sci 2020; 13:267-285. [PMID: 33564374 PMCID: PMC7856669 DOI: 10.5935/1984-0063.20200032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present review, we identify which instruments and parameters are used for sleep quality monitoring in individual sport athletes and which definitions were used for sleep quality parameters in this literature field. Systematic searches for articles reporting the qualitative markers related to sleep in team sport athletes were conducted in PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science online databases. The systematic review followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews. The initial search returned 3316 articles. After the removal of duplicate articles, eligibility assessment, 75 studies were included in this systematic review. Our main findings were that the most widely used measurement instruments were Actigraphy (25%), Rating Likert Scales (16%) and Sleep Diary (13%). On sleep quality parameters (Sleep duration = 14%; Wake after sleep onset = 14%; Sleep Quality = 12%; Sleep Effciency = 11% and Sleep Latency = 9%), the main point is that there are different definitions for the same parameters in many cases reported in the literature. We conclude that the most widely used instruments for monitoring sleep quality were Actigraphy, Likert scales and Sleep diary. Moreover, the definitions of sleep parameters are inconsistent in the literature, hindering the understanding of the sleep-sport performance relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mário Antônio de Moura Simim
- Federal University of Ceará, Institute of Physical Education and Sports - Fortaleza - Ceará - Brazil
- Federal University of Ceará, Master Program in Physioterapy and Functioning - Fortaleza - Ceará - Brazil
| | - Helton de Sá Souza
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Departamento de Psicobiologia - São Paulo -Brazil
- Centro Universitário de Volta Redonda - UniFOA, Curso de Educação Física - Volta Redonda - Rio de Janeiro - Brazil
| | | | - Rodrigo Luiz da Silva Gianoni
- Paulista University - UNIP
- LOAD CONTROL, Research and Development Department - Contagem - Minas Gerais - Brazil
- Peruíbe College - FPbe - UNISEPE
| | | | - Helvio de Oliveira Affonso
- Appto Physiology, Laboratory of Exercise, Nutrition and Sports Training, Espirito Santo - Vitoria - Espírito Santo - Brazil
- Vila Velha University, Pharmaceutical Sciences Graduate Program - Vila Velha - Espírito Santo - Brazil
| | - Alberto Carlos Amadio
- Universidade de São Paulo, School of Physical Education and Sport - Laboratory of Biomechanics- Brazil
| | - Vânia D’Almeida
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Departamento de Psicobiologia - São Paulo -Brazil
| | - Júlio Cerca Serrão
- Universidade de São Paulo, School of Physical Education and Sport - Laboratory of Biomechanics- Brazil
| | - João Gustavo Claudino
- Universidade de São Paulo, School of Physical Education and Sport - Laboratory of Biomechanics- Brazil
- LOAD CONTROL, Research and Development Department - Contagem - Minas Gerais - Brazil
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Bullock GS, Collins G, Peirce N, Arden NK, Filbay SR. Physical activity and health-related quality of life in former elite and recreational cricketers from the UK with upper extremity or lower extremity persistent joint pain: a cross-sectional study. BMJ Open 2019; 9:e032606. [PMID: 31719092 PMCID: PMC6858171 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2019-032606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Revised: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate and compare physical activity (PA) and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in former elite and recreational cricketers with upper extremity (UE), lower extremity (LE) or no joint pain. STUDY DESIGN Cross-sectional cohort. SETTING Despite the high prevalence of joint pain in former athletes, the impact of UE pain and LE pain on PA and HRQoL and potential differences between former recreational and elite athletes are poorly understood. PARTICIPANTS 703 former cricketers aged ≥18 years (mean age 58.7, SD 12.9, played an average of 30 (IQR 20-40) seasons, 72% of whom had played at a recreational level) were recruited through the Cricket Health and Wellbeing Study and met eligibility requirements (UE pain, LE pain or no joint pain (defined as pain on most days of the past month)). PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOMES The International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Short Form collected weekly metabolic equivalents (METS), while the Short-Form 8 collected physical (PCS) and mental (MCS) component scores. Kruskal-Wallis tests with Dunn's post-hoc and multivariable linear regressions were performed. RESULTS Weekly METS were similar in former cricketers with UE pain (median (IQR) 2560 (722-4398)), LE pain (2215 (527-3903)) and no pain (2449 (695-4203), p=0.39). MCS were similar between groups (UE pain 56.0 (52.1-60.0); LE pain 55.2 (51.1-59.4); no pain 54.7 (50.7-58.7), p=0.38). PCS were more impaired in former cricketers with UE pain (49.8 (44.9-54.8)) or LE pain (46.7 (41.0-51.9)) compared with no pain (54.2 (51.5-56.9), p<0.0001). Former cricketers with LE pain reported worse PCS than those with UE pain (p=0.04). Similar relationships were observed in former elite and recreational cricketers. CONCLUSION Despite impaired physical components of HRQoL in former cricketers with UE pain or LE pain, pain was not related to PA levels or mental components of HRQoL. Physical components of HRQoL were most impaired in those with LE pain, and findings were similar among former elite and recreational cricketers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garrett Scott Bullock
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Arthritis Research UK Centre for Sport, Exercise and Osteoarthritis, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Gary Collins
- Centre for Statistics in Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Nicholas Peirce
- Centre For Sports Medicine, Nottingham University Hospitals Trust, Nottingham, UK
- National Cricket Performance Centre, England and Wales Cricket Board, Loughborough, UK
| | - Nigel K Arden
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Arthritis Research UK Centre for Sport, Exercise and Osteoarthritis, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Stephanie R Filbay
- Arthritis Research UK Centre for Sport, Exercise and Osteoarthritis, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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Kiningham RB. Latest Clinical Research Published by ACSM. Curr Sports Med Rep 2017. [DOI: 10.1249/jsr.0000000000000427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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