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Zhang H, Zhang Y, Zhang J, Jia D. Exercise Alleviates Cardiovascular Diseases by Improving Mitochondrial Homeostasis. J Am Heart Assoc 2024; 13:e036555. [PMID: 39291488 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.124.036555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/19/2024]
Abstract
Engaging in regular exercise and physical activity contributes to delaying the onset of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). However, the physiological mechanisms underlying the benefits of regular exercise or physical activity in CVDs remain unclear. The disruption of mitochondrial homeostasis is implicated in the pathological process of CVDs. Exercise training effectively delays the onset and progression of CVDs by significantly ameliorating the disruption of mitochondrial homeostasis. This includes improving mitochondrial biogenesis, increasing mitochondrial fusion, decreasing mitochondrial fission, promoting mitophagy, and mitigating mitochondrial morphology and function. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the benefits of physical exercise in the context of CVDs, establishing a connection between the disruption of mitochondrial homeostasis and the onset of these conditions. Through a detailed examination of the underlying molecular mechanisms within mitochondria, the study illuminates how exercise can provide innovative perspectives for future therapies for CVDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huijie Zhang
- School of Exercise and health Shanghai University of Sport Shanghai China
| | - Yuxuan Zhang
- School of Exercise and health Shanghai University of Sport Shanghai China
| | - Jiaqiao Zhang
- School of Exercise and health Shanghai University of Sport Shanghai China
| | - Dandan Jia
- School of Exercise and health Shanghai University of Sport Shanghai China
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Boeno FP, Patel J, Montalvo RN, Lapierre-Nguyen SS, Schreiber CM, Smuder AJ. Effects of Exercise Preconditioning on Doxorubicin-Induced Liver and Kidney Toxicity in Male and Female Rats. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10222. [PMID: 37373368 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241210222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Doxorubicin (DOX) is a highly effective chemotherapy agent prescribed for cancer treatment. However, the clinical use of DOX is limited due to off-target toxicity in healthy tissues. In this regard, hepatic and renal metabolic clearance results in DOX accumulation within these organ systems. Within the liver and kidneys, DOX causes inflammation and oxidative stress, which promotes cytotoxic cellular signaling. While there is currently no standard of care to treat DOX hepatic- and nephrotoxicity, endurance exercise preconditioning may be an effective intervention to prevent elevations in liver alanine transaminase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and to improve kidney creatinine clearance. To determine whether exercise preconditioning is sufficient to reduce liver and kidney toxicity resulting from acute exposure to DOX chemotherapy treatment, male and female Sprague-Dawley rats remained sedentary or were exercise trained prior to saline or DOX exposure. Our findings demonstrate that DOX treatment elevated AST and AST/ALT in male rats, with no effects of exercise preconditioning to prevent these increases. We also showed increased plasma markers of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) activation and urine markers of proteinuria and proximal tubule damage, with male rats revealing greater differences compared to females. Exercise preconditioning showed improved urine creatinine clearance and reduced cystatin c in males, while females had reduced plasma angiotensin II (AngII) levels. Our results demonstrate both tissue- and sex-specific responses related to the effects of exercise preconditioning and DOX treatment on markers of liver and kidney toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franccesco P Boeno
- Department of Applied Physiology & Kinesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA
| | - Jay Patel
- Department of Applied Physiology & Kinesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA
| | - Ryan N Montalvo
- Department of Applied Physiology & Kinesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA
| | | | - Claire M Schreiber
- Department of Applied Physiology & Kinesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA
| | - Ashley J Smuder
- Department of Applied Physiology & Kinesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA
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Costa Godinho LRL, Cella PS, Guimarães TAS, Palma GHD, Nunes JHC, Deminice R. Creatine Supplementation Potentiates Exercise Protective Effects against Doxorubicin-Induced Hepatotoxicity in Mice. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12040823. [PMID: 37107198 PMCID: PMC10135080 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12040823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
We tested the hypothesis that creatine supplementation may potentiate exercise’s protective effects against doxorubicin-induced hepatotoxicity. Thirty-eight Swiss mice were randomly allocated into five groups: control (C, n = 7), exercised (Ex, n = 7), treated with doxorubicin (Dox, n = 8), treated with doxorubicin and exercised (DoxEx, n = 8), and treated with doxorubicin, exercised, and supplemented with creatine (DoxExCr, n = 8). Doxorubicin was administered weekly (i.p.) for a total dose of 12 mg/kg. Creatine supplementation (2% added to the diet) and strength training (climbing stairs, 3 times a week) were performed for a total of 5 weeks. The results demonstrated that doxorubicin caused hepatotoxicity, which was evidenced by increased (p < 0.05) hepatic markers of inflammation (i.e., TNF-α and IL-6) and oxidative damage, while the redox status (GSH/GSSG) was reduced. The plasma concentrations of liver transaminases were also significantly (p < 0.05) elevated. Furthermore, doxorubicin-treated animals presented hepatic fibrosis and histopathological alterations such as cellular degeneration and the infiltration of interstitial inflammatory cells. Exercise alone partly prevented doxorubicin-induced hepatotoxicity; thus, when combined with creatine supplementation, exercise was able to attenuate inflammation and oxidative stress, morphological alterations, and fibrosis. In conclusion, creatine supplementation potentiates the protective effects of exercise against doxorubicin-induced hepatotoxicity in mice.
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Yu J, Laybutt DR, Youngson NA, Morris MJ. Concurrent betaine administration enhances exercise-induced improvements to glucose handling in obese mice. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2022; 32:2439-2449. [PMID: 36096978 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2022.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Betaine supplementation has been shown to enhance hepatic lipid metabolism in obese mice and improve exercise performance in healthy populations. We examined effects of betaine supplementation, alone or in combination with treadmill exercise, on the metabolic consequences of high fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity in mice. METHODS AND RESULTS Male C57BL/6 J mice were fed chow or HFD. After 15 weeks, HFD mice were split into: HFD, HFD with betaine (1.5% w/v), HFD with treadmill exercise, and HFD with both betaine and exercise (15 m/min for 45min, 6 days/week; n = 12/group) for 10 weeks. Compared to HFD mice, body weight was significantly reduced in exercise and exercise-betaine mice, but not in mice given betaine alone. Similarly, adiposity was reduced by exercise but not by betaine alone. HFD-induced glucose intolerance was slightly improved by exercise, but not with betaine alone. Significantly greater benefits were observed in exercise-betaine mice, compared to exercise alone, such that GTT-outcomes were similar to controls. This was associated with reduced insulin levels during ipGTT, suggesting enhanced insulin sensitivity. Modest benefits were observed in fatty acid metabolism genes in skeletal muscle, whilst limited effects were observed in the liver. HFD-induced increases in hepatic Mpc1 (mitochondrial pyruvate carrier 1) were normalized by all treatments, suggesting potential links to altered glucose metabolism. CONCLUSIONS Our data show that drinking 1.5% betaine was sufficient to augment metabolic benefits of exercise in obese mice. These processes appear to be facilitated by altered glucose metabolism, with limited effects on hepatic lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josephine Yu
- School of Medical Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - D Ross Laybutt
- School of Medical Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia; Garvan Institute of Medical Research, St Vincent's Clinical School, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Neil A Youngson
- School of Medical Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia; The Institute of Hepatology, Foundation for Liver Research, London, UK; Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Margaret J Morris
- School of Medical Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
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Combination of nicotinamide mononucleotide and troxerutin induces full protection against doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity by modulating mitochondrial biogenesis and inflammatory response. Mol Biol Rep 2022; 49:8209-8218. [DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-07390-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 03/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/06/2022]
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Effects of bone marrow‐derived mesenchymal stem cells on doxorubicin‐induced liver injury in rats. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2022; 36:e22985. [DOI: 10.1002/jbt.22985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Khodir S, Alafify A, Omar E, Al-Gholam M. Protective Potential of Ginseng and/or Coenzyme Q10 on Doxorubicin-induced Testicular and Hepatic Toxicity in Rats. Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2021.7063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Although doxorubicin (DOX) is a successful cancer chemotherapeutic, side effects limit the clinical utility of DOX-based therapy, including male infertility and hepatotoxicity.
Objective: To evaluate the testicular and hepatoprotective effect of ginseng and/or coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) in rats exposed to DOX and the possible underlying mechanisms.
Materials and Methods: Fifty adult male albino rats were divided into (10/group), control, DOX group, DOX/Gin group, DOX/CoQ10 group and DOX/Gin+CoQ10 group. Serum testosterone, serum liver enzymes, fasting serum cholesterol and triglyceride (TG), tissue malondialdehyde (MDA), tissue superoxide dismutase (SOD), serum tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), serum interleukin 6, serum interleukin 10, nuclear factor E2‐related factor 2 (Nrf2) gene expression in liver and testis and organ indices were measured. Histopathological and immunohistochemical assessments of apoptotic marker kaspase3 in testis and liver were also performed.
Results DOX-induced toxicity is associated with a significant decrease in serum testosterone, testis and liver index values, testicular and hepatic SOD, testicular and hepatic Nrf2 gene expression and serum interleukin 10. However, there was a significant increase in serum liver enzymes, serum cholesterol and TG, testicular and hepatic MDA, serum TNF-α and serum interleukin 6 when compared with the control group. The combination of ginseng and CoQ10 resulted in significant improvement of DOX-induced changes when compared with other treated groups.
Conclusion: Ginseng and CoQ10 have valuable therapeutic effects on DOX-induced testicular and hepatic toxicity via up-regulation of Nrf2 gene expression, inhibition of apoptosis, anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory and hypolipidemic effects.
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Sun Q, Liu B, Zhao R, Feng L, Wang Z, Dong S, Dong Y, Gai S, Ding H, Yang P. Calcium Peroxide-Based Nanosystem with Cancer Microenvironment-Activated Capabilities for Imaging Guided Combination Therapy via Mitochondrial Ca 2+ Overload and Chemotherapy. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:44096-44107. [PMID: 34499466 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c13304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria are the "power plant" of the cell, providing a constant source of energy, and are involved in a variety of intracellular signaling pathways. Among these pathways, Ca2+ homeostasis is closely related to the normal function of mitochondria. By destroying the Ca2+ steady state of mitochondria and disrupting their multiple cellular activities, tumor cell killing can be achieved. In addition, the presence of an intracellular oxidative stress state triggers the closure of cellular calcium channels, which leads to intracellular Ca2+ retention and enrichment. We designed a targeted and tumor microenvironment (TME)-responsive CaO2-based nanosystem that can selectively target cancer cells for pH-controlled degradation and drug release, alter cellular physiological mechanisms by disrupting Ca2+ homeostasis in an artificial manner, and introduce mitochondrial Ca2+ excess-mediated apoptosis. Meanwhile, the production of Ca(OH)2 will raise the pH of the microenvironment and subsequently promote the oxidation process of glutathione by H2O2 released from CaO2 degradation, achieving the goal of remodeling TME. Moreover, calcium overload of tumor cells and calcification of tissues can both inhibit tumor growth and act as a contrast agent for computed tomography imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Sun
- Key Laboratory of Superlight Materials and Surface Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, P. R. China
- Institute of Molecular Sciences and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, P. R. China
| | - Bin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Superlight Materials and Surface Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, P. R. China
| | - Ruoxi Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Superlight Materials and Surface Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, P. R. China
| | - Lili Feng
- Key Laboratory of Superlight Materials and Surface Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, P. R. China
| | - Zhao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Superlight Materials and Surface Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, P. R. China
| | - Shuming Dong
- Key Laboratory of Superlight Materials and Surface Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, P. R. China
| | - Yushan Dong
- Key Laboratory of Superlight Materials and Surface Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, P. R. China
| | - Shili Gai
- Key Laboratory of Superlight Materials and Surface Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, P. R. China
| | - He Ding
- Key Laboratory of Superlight Materials and Surface Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, P. R. China
| | - Piaoping Yang
- Key Laboratory of Superlight Materials and Surface Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, P. R. China
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Lay IS, Kuo WW, Shibu MA, Ho TJ, Cheng SM, Day CH, Ban B, Wang S, Li Q, Huang CY. Exercise training restores IGFIR survival signaling in d-galactose induced-aging rats to suppress cardiac apoptosis. J Adv Res 2020; 28:35-41. [PMID: 33364043 PMCID: PMC7753223 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2020.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Insulin-like growth factor-I receptor (IGF1R) mediated survival signaling is a crucial mechanism for cellular endurance and a potential indicator of recuperation in deteriorating hearts. Objective This study evaluates the impact of long-term exercise training in enhancing cardiac survival mechanism in D-galactose-induced toxicity associated aging rats. Methods Forty-eight male SD-rats were segregated into 4 groups (n=9) and were named as control, exercise training groups, aging group and aging group with exercise training. Aging was induced by intraperitoneal (IP) D-galactose (150 mL/kg) injection for 8 weeks and for exercise training, the rats were left to swim in warm water for 60 min every day and 5 times/week. Western blotting of proteins from the left ventricles was performed to identify the modulations in the survival signaling. Tissue sections were analyzed to determine the extent of fibrosis and apoptosis. Results Western-blot analysis performed on the excised left ventricles (LV) showed that proteins of the cardiac survival pathway including IGF1R and Akt and the pro-survival Bcl-2 showed significant decrease in the aging group, whereas the levels were restored in the aging rats subjected to exercise training. In addition, aging groups showed increased interstitial space and collagen accumulation. Further, TUNEL assay showed higher number of apoptotic cells in the LV of aging group, which was correlated with increase in the proteins involved in FAS-FADD-dependent apoptosis. However, these aging associated effects were ameliorated upon exercise training in the D-galactose-induced aging rats that showed elevated IGF1R/Akt signaling. Conclusion The results suggest that IGFIR survival signaling cascadeis elevated in following long-term exercise training and thereby provide cardio-protective benefits in D-galactose induced aging rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ing-Shiow Lay
- School of Chinese Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, 40402 Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University Beigang Hospital, Yunlin County 65152, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Wen Kuo
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Marthandam Asokan Shibu
- Cardiovascular and Mitochondrial Related Disease Research Center, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien 970, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Jung Ho
- Integration Center of Traditional Chinese and Modern Medicine, HualienTzu Chi Hospital, Hualien 97002, Taiwan.,Department of Chinese Medicine,Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Hualien 97002, Taiwan.,School of Post Baccalaureate Chinese Medicine, College of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 97004, Taiwan
| | - Shiu-Min Cheng
- Department of Psychology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | | | - Bo Ban
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining Medical University, 89 Guhuai Road, Jining, Shandong 272029, China
| | - Shulin Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People's Hospital, Qingyuan 511518, Guangdong, China
| | - Qiaowen Li
- Department of Cardiology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People's Hospital, Qingyuan 511518, Guangdong, China
| | - Chih-Yang Huang
- School of Chinese Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, 40402 Taichung, Taiwan.,Cardiovascular and Mitochondrial Related Disease Research Center, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien 970, Taiwan.,Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,Holistic Education Center, Tzu Chi University of Science and Technology, Hualien, Taiwan
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Wu NN, Tian H, Chen P, Wang D, Ren J, Zhang Y. Physical Exercise and Selective Autophagy: Benefit and Risk on Cardiovascular Health. Cells 2019; 8:cells8111436. [PMID: 31739509 PMCID: PMC6912418 DOI: 10.3390/cells8111436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2019] [Revised: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Physical exercise promotes cardiorespiratory fitness, and is considered the mainstream of non-pharmacological therapies along with lifestyle modification for various chronic diseases, in particular cardiovascular diseases. Physical exercise may positively affect various cardiovascular risk factors including body weight, blood pressure, insulin sensitivity, lipid and glucose metabolism, heart function, endothelial function, and body fat composition. With the ever-rising prevalence of obesity and other types of metabolic diseases, as well as sedentary lifestyle, regular exercise of moderate intensity has been indicated to benefit cardiovascular health and reduce overall disease mortality. Exercise offers a wide cadre of favorable responses in the cardiovascular system such as improved dynamics of the cardiovascular system, reduced prevalence of coronary heart diseases and cardiomyopathies, enhanced cardiac reserve capacity, and autonomic regulation. Ample clinical and experimental evidence has indicated an emerging role for autophagy, a conservative catabolism process to degrade and recycle cellular organelles and nutrients, in exercise training-offered cardiovascular benefits. Regular physical exercise as a unique form of physiological stress is capable of triggering adaptation while autophagy in particular selective autophagy seems to be permissive to such cardiovascular adaptation. Here in this mini-review, we will summarize the role for autophagy in particular mitochondrial selective autophagy namely mitophagy in the benefit versus risk of physical exercise on cardiovascular function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ne N. Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China;
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Haili Tian
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China; (H.T.); (P.C.)
| | - Peijie Chen
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China; (H.T.); (P.C.)
| | - Dan Wang
- School of Physical Education and Sport Training, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China;
| | - Jun Ren
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China;
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Correspondence: (J.R.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Yingmei Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China;
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Correspondence: (J.R.); (Y.Z.)
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Smuder AJ. Exercise stimulates beneficial adaptations to diminish doxorubicin-induced cellular toxicity. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2019; 317:R662-R672. [PMID: 31461307 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00161.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Doxorubicin (DOX) is a highly effective antitumor agent used for the treatment of a wide range of cancers. Unfortunately, DOX treatment results in cytotoxic side effects due to its accumulation within off-target tissues. DOX-induced cellular toxicity occurs as a result of increased oxidative damage, resulting in apoptosis and cell death. While there is no standard-of-care practice to prevent DOX-induced toxicity to healthy organs, exercise has been shown to prevent cellular dysfunction when combined with DOX chemotherapy. Endurance exercise stimulates numerous biochemical adaptations that promote a healthy phenotype in several vulnerable tissues without affecting the antineoplastic properties of DOX. Therefore, for the development of an effective strategy to combat the pathological effects of DOX, it is important to determine the appropriate exercise regimen to prescribe to cancer patients receiving DOX therapy and to understand the mechanisms responsible for exercise-induced protection against DOX toxicity to noncancer cells. This review summarizes the cytotoxic effects of DOX on the heart, skeletal muscle, liver, and kidneys and discusses the current understanding of the clinical benefits of regular physical activity and the potential mechanisms mediating the positive effects of exercise on each organ system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley J Smuder
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
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