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Barenie MJ, Escalera A, Carter SJ, Grange HE, Paris HL, Krinsky D, Sogard AS, Schlader ZJ, Fly AD, Mickleborough TD. Grass-Fed and Non-Grass-Fed Whey Protein Consumption Do Not Attenuate Exercise-Induced Muscle Damage and Soreness in Resistance-Trained Individuals: A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial. J Diet Suppl 2023; 21:344-373. [PMID: 37981793 DOI: 10.1080/19390211.2023.2282470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
Eccentric muscle contractions can cause structural damage to muscle cells resulting in temporarily decreased muscle force production and soreness. Prior work indicates pasture-raised dairy products from grass-fed cows have greater anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties compared to grain-fed counterparts. However, limited research has evaluated the utility of whey protein from pasture-raised, grass-fed cows to enhance recovery compared to whey protein from non-grass-fed cows. Therefore, using a randomized, placebo-controlled design, we compared the effect of whey protein from pasture-raised, grass-fed cows (PRWP) to conventional whey protein (CWP) supplementation on indirect markers of muscle damage in response to eccentric exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD) in resistance-trained individuals. Thirty-nine subjects (PRWP, n = 14; CWP, n = 12) completed an eccentric squat protocol to induce EIMD with measurements performed at 24, 48, and 72 h of recovery. Dependent variables included: delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS), urinary titin, maximal isometric voluntary contraction (MIVC), potentiated quadriceps twitch force, countermovement jump (CMJ), and barbell back squat velocity (BBSV). Between-condition comparisons did not reveal any significant differences (p ≤ 0.05) in markers of EIMD via DOMS, urinary titin, MIVC, potentiated quadriceps twitch force, CMJ, or BBSV. In conclusion, neither PRWP nor CWP attenuate indirect markers of muscle damage and soreness following eccentric exercise in resistance-trained individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Barenie
- Department of Kinesiology, School of Public Health-Bloomington, IN University, Bloomington, Indiana, USA
- Center for the Study of Obesity, College of Public Health, University of AR for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - Albaro Escalera
- Department of Kinesiology, School of Public Health-Bloomington, IN University, Bloomington, Indiana, USA
| | - Stephen J Carter
- Department of Kinesiology, School of Public Health-Bloomington, IN University, Bloomington, Indiana, USA
| | - Hope E Grange
- Department of Applied Health Science, School of Public Health-Bloomington, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, USA
| | - Hunter L Paris
- Department of Sports Medicine, Pepperdine University, Malibu, California, USA
| | - Danielle Krinsky
- Department of Kinesiology, School of Public Health-Bloomington, IN University, Bloomington, Indiana, USA
| | - Abigail S Sogard
- Department of Kinesiology, School of Public Health-Bloomington, IN University, Bloomington, Indiana, USA
| | - Zachary J Schlader
- Department of Kinesiology, School of Public Health-Bloomington, IN University, Bloomington, Indiana, USA
| | - Alyce D Fly
- Department of Nutrition and Health Science, Ball State University, Muncie, Indiana, USA
| | - Timothy D Mickleborough
- Department of Kinesiology, School of Public Health-Bloomington, IN University, Bloomington, Indiana, USA
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Da Silva KJ, Silva LC, Felippe LC, Silva-Cavalcante MD, Franco-Alvarenga PE, Learsi S, Ataide-Silva T, Bertuzzi R, Lima-Silva AE, Ferreira GA. Airflow restriction mask induces greater central fatigue after a non-exhaustive high-intensity interval exercise. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2021; 32:487-497. [PMID: 34787931 DOI: 10.1111/sms.14099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 10/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The airflow restriction mask (ARM) is a practical and inexpensive device for respiratory muscle training. Wearing an ARM has recently been combined with high-intensity interval exercise (HIIE), but its effect on neuromuscular fatigue is unknown. The present study investigated the effects of ARM wearing on neuromuscular fatigue after an HIIE session. Fourteen healthy men performed two HIIE sessions (4x4min at 90% HRmax, 3min recovery at 70% HRmax) with or without an ARM. Neuromuscular fatigue was quantified via pre- to post-HIIE changes in maximal voluntary contraction (MVC), voluntary activation (VA, central fatigue), and potentialized evoked twitch force at 100, 10, and 1 Hz (peripheral fatigue). Blood pH and lactate were measured before and after the HIIE session, while HR, SpO2 , dyspnea, physical sensation of effort (P-RPE), and Task Effort and Awareness (TEA) were recorded every bout. The exercise-induced decrease in MVC was higher (p<0.05) in the ARM (-28±12%) than in the control condition (-20±11%). The VA decreased (p<0.05) in the ARM (-11±9%) but not in the control condition (-4±5%, p>0.05). Pre- to post-HIIE declines in evoked twitch at 100, 10, and 1 Hz were similar (p>0.05) between ARM and control conditions (ARM: -18±10, -43±11 and -38±12%; Control: -18±14, -43±12 and -37±17%). When compared with the control, the HIIE bout wearing ARM was marked by higher heart rate, plasma lactate concentration, dyspnea, P-RPE and TEA, as well as lower SpO2 and blood pH. In conclusion, ARM increases perceptual and physiological stress during a HIIE, which may lead to a greater post-exercise central fatigue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kleber J Da Silva
- Academic Center of Vitoria, Federal University of Pernambuco, Vitoria de Santo Antao, Pernambuco, Brazil.,Human Performance Research Group, Federal University of Technology Parana, Curitiba, Parana, Brazil
| | - Lucas C Silva
- Academic Center of Vitoria, Federal University of Pernambuco, Vitoria de Santo Antao, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Leandro C Felippe
- Academic Center of Vitoria, Federal University of Pernambuco, Vitoria de Santo Antao, Pernambuco, Brazil.,Human Performance Research Group, Federal University of Technology Parana, Curitiba, Parana, Brazil
| | - Marcos D Silva-Cavalcante
- Academic Center of Vitoria, Federal University of Pernambuco, Vitoria de Santo Antao, Pernambuco, Brazil.,Human Performance Research Group, Federal University of Technology Parana, Curitiba, Parana, Brazil
| | - Paulo E Franco-Alvarenga
- Exercise Psychophysiology Research Group, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil.,Estacio de Sa University, UNESA, Resende, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Sara Learsi
- Academic Center of Vitoria, Federal University of Pernambuco, Vitoria de Santo Antao, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Thays Ataide-Silva
- Department of nutrition, Federal University of Alagoas, Maceio, Alagoas, Brazil
| | - Romulo Bertuzzi
- Endurance Performance Research Group, School of Physical Education and Sport, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Adriano E Lima-Silva
- Academic Center of Vitoria, Federal University of Pernambuco, Vitoria de Santo Antao, Pernambuco, Brazil.,Human Performance Research Group, Federal University of Technology Parana, Curitiba, Parana, Brazil
| | - Guilherme A Ferreira
- Academic Center of Vitoria, Federal University of Pernambuco, Vitoria de Santo Antao, Pernambuco, Brazil.,Human Performance Research Group, Federal University of Technology Parana, Curitiba, Parana, Brazil
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