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Gervasi M, Benelli P, Venerandi R, Fernández-Peña E. Relationship between Muscle-Tendon Stiffness and Drop Jump Performance in Young Male Basketball Players during Developmental Stages. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:17017. [PMID: 36554895 PMCID: PMC9778993 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192417017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The relationship between stiffness and drop jump performance in athletes in various stages of development has yet to be fully investigated. The first aim of this study was to investigate the association between the stiffness of the patellar and quadriceps tendon (PT, QT), gastrocnemius-Achilles tendon unit (GAT), and rectus femoris (RF) using drop jump (DJ) performance in young basketball players. The second aim was to investigate possible variations in the stiffness levels of those tissues in different developmental stages. METHODS The stiffness levels of the GAT, PT, QT, and RF were measured in both limbs in 73 male basketball players aged 12 to 18 years. The reactive strength index (RSI), contact time (CT) and jump height (JH) during 30 and 40 cm DJs were also measured. RESULTS Pearson correlation coefficients showed a significant association between DJ performance and PT, QT, GAT, and RF dynamic stiffness. Moreover, the youngest subjects were found to have lower stiffness values than the older ones. CONCLUSIONS Tissue stiffness can affect athletic performance by modifying the stretch-shortening cycle in young basketball players. Stiffness of muscles and tendons increases during the maturation process. Further investigations could shed light on the effect of training on the stiffness of muscles and tendons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Gervasi
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Division of Exercise and Health Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, 61029 Urbino, Italy
| | - Piero Benelli
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Division of Exercise and Health Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, 61029 Urbino, Italy
- US Victoria Libertas Basketball, 61122 Pesaro, Italy
| | | | - Eneko Fernández-Peña
- Department of Physical Education and Sport, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, 01007 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
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Park K, Salem G, Powers CM. Persons with patellar tendinopathy exhibit anatomical features that alter knee extensor mechanics: A comparison of persons with and without symptoms. J Biomech 2022; 144:111343. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2022.111343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Sinclair J, Taylor PJ, Shadwell G, Stone M, Booth N, Jones B, Finlay S, Ali AM, Butters B, Bentley I, Edmundson CJ. Two-Experiment Examination of Habitual and Manipulated Foot Placement Angles on the Kinetics, Kinematics, and Muscle Forces of the Barbell Back Squat in Male Lifters. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 22:6999. [PMID: 36146352 PMCID: PMC9501107 DOI: 10.3390/s22186999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
This two-experiment study aimed to examine the effects of different habitual foot placement angles and also the effects of manipulating the foot placement angle on the kinetics, three-dimensional kinematics and muscle forces of the squat. In experiment 1, seventy lifters completed squats at 70% of their one repetition maximum using a self-preferred placement angle. They were separated based on their habitual foot angle into three groups HIGH, MEDIUM and LOW. In experiment 2, twenty lifters performed squats using the same relative mass in four different foot placement angle conditions (0°, 21°, 42° and control). Three-dimensional kinematics were measured using an eight-camera motion analysis system, ground reaction forces (GRF) using a force platform, and muscle forces using musculoskeletal modelling techniques. In experiment 1, the impulse of the medial GRF, in the descent and ascent phases, was significantly greater in the HIGH group compared to LOW, and in experiment 2 statistically greater in the 42° compared to the 21°, 0° and control conditions. Experiment 2 showed that the control condition statistically increased quadriceps muscle forces in relation to 0°, whereas the 0° condition significantly enhanced gluteus maximus, gastrocnemius and soleus forces compared to control. In experiment 1, patellofemoral joint stress was significantly greater in the HIGH group compared to LOW, and in experiment 2, patellar and patellofemoral loading were statistically greater in the control compared to the 42°, 21°, 0° and control conditions. Owing to the greater medial GRF's, increased foot placement angles may improve physical preparedness for sprint performance and rapid changes of direction. Reducing the foot angle may attenuate the biomechanical mechanisms linked to the aetiology of knee pathologies and to promote gluteus maximus, gastrocnemius and soleus muscular development. As such, though there does not appear to be an optimal foot placement angle, the observations from this study can be utilised by both strength and conditioning and sports therapy practitioners seeking to maximise training and rehabilitative adaptations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Sinclair
- Research Centre for Applied Sport, Physical Activity and Performance, School of Sport & Health Sciences, Faculty of Allied Health and Wellbeing, University of Central Lancashire, Preston PR1 2RA, UK
| | - Paul John Taylor
- School of Psychology & Computer Sciences, Faculty of Science & Technology, University of Central Lancashire, Preston PR1 2RA, UK
| | - Gareth Shadwell
- Research Centre for Applied Sport, Physical Activity and Performance, School of Sport & Health Sciences, Faculty of Allied Health and Wellbeing, University of Central Lancashire, Preston PR1 2RA, UK
| | - Mark Stone
- Research Centre for Applied Sport, Physical Activity and Performance, School of Sport & Health Sciences, Faculty of Allied Health and Wellbeing, University of Central Lancashire, Preston PR1 2RA, UK
| | - Nicole Booth
- Research Centre for Applied Sport, Physical Activity and Performance, School of Sport & Health Sciences, Faculty of Allied Health and Wellbeing, University of Central Lancashire, Preston PR1 2RA, UK
| | - Bryan Jones
- Research Centre for Applied Sport, Physical Activity and Performance, School of Sport & Health Sciences, Faculty of Allied Health and Wellbeing, University of Central Lancashire, Preston PR1 2RA, UK
| | - Sam Finlay
- Research Centre for Applied Sport, Physical Activity and Performance, School of Sport & Health Sciences, Faculty of Allied Health and Wellbeing, University of Central Lancashire, Preston PR1 2RA, UK
| | - Ashraf Mohamed Ali
- Research Centre for Applied Sport, Physical Activity and Performance, School of Sport & Health Sciences, Faculty of Allied Health and Wellbeing, University of Central Lancashire, Preston PR1 2RA, UK
| | - Bobbie Butters
- Research Centre for Applied Sport, Physical Activity and Performance, School of Sport & Health Sciences, Faculty of Allied Health and Wellbeing, University of Central Lancashire, Preston PR1 2RA, UK
| | - Ian Bentley
- Research Centre for Applied Sport, Physical Activity and Performance, School of Sport & Health Sciences, Faculty of Allied Health and Wellbeing, University of Central Lancashire, Preston PR1 2RA, UK
- Wigan Warriors RLFC, Wigan WN5 0UH, UK
| | - Christopher James Edmundson
- Research Centre for Applied Sport, Physical Activity and Performance, School of Sport & Health Sciences, Faculty of Allied Health and Wellbeing, University of Central Lancashire, Preston PR1 2RA, UK
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Steele JR. Long-term lessons learned in biomechanics: 2021 Geoffrey Dyson Lecture. Sports Biomech 2022:1-17. [PMID: 35833230 DOI: 10.1080/14763141.2022.2097121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
After recently accepting an offer to retire, I have taken the opportunity to reflect on long-term lessons learned throughout my 40-year career as a biomechanist in academia. These lessons formed the basis of my 2021 Geoffrey Dyson Lecture and are summarised within this article. Most of these lessons are targeted at early career researchers, although my recent transition into retirement revealed some unexpected lessons that apply to senior academics. The lessons presented relate to the need to be passionate and persistent about your research, the importance of being unique and embracing failure as a mentor, as well as running with opportunities that arise. Appreciating that a career takes time to evolve, strategies to nurture a committed and supportive research team, the importance of committing to a professional society, and the need to be kind to yourself are also discussed. Why so few women receive career awards in biomechanics and when should academics retire are also addressed. I hope that highlighting lessons learned over an academic career as a biomechanist, combined with suggested practical strategies to thrive in academia, ensure academics can savour a fulfiling career in biomechanics while producing high-quality research into the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie R Steele
- Biomechanics Research Laboratory, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia
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Patellar Tendon Force Differs Depending on Jump-Landing Tasks and Estimation Methods. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12010488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Patellar tendinopathy is a chronic overuse injury of the patellar tendon which is prevalent in jump-landing activities. Sports activities can require jumping not only with a vertical component but also in a forward direction. It is yet unknown how jumping in the forward direction may affect patellar tendon forces. The main purpose of this study was to compare PTF between landings preceded by a vertical jump and a forward jump in volleyball players. The second purpose was to compare two different estimation methods of the patellar tendon force. Fifteen male volleyball players performed vertical and forward jump-landing tasks at a controlled jump height, while kinetics and kinematics were recorded. Patellar tendon forces were calculated through two estimation methods based on inverse dynamic and static optimization procedures, using a musculoskeletal model. Results showed that forward jump-landing generated higher patellar tendon forces compared to vertical jump-landing for both estimation methods. Surprisingly, although the static optimization method considered muscle co-contraction, the inverse kinematic method provided statistically significant higher patellar tendon force values. These findings highlight that limiting the forward velocity component of the aerial phase appears to reduce the load on the patellar tendon during landing and may help to prevent patellar tendinopathy.
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Martinez AF, Scattone Silva R, Paschoal BLF, Souza LLA, Serrão FV. Association of Ankle Dorsiflexion and Landing Forces in Jumping Athletes. Sports Health 2021; 14:932-937. [PMID: 34961379 PMCID: PMC9631040 DOI: 10.1177/19417381211063456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dorsiflexion range of motion restriction has been associated with patellar tendinopathy, but the mechanisms of how dorsiflexion restriction could contribute to knee overload remain unknown. HYPOTHESIS Peak ankle dorsiflexion and ankle dorsiflexion excursion are negatively associated with peak vertical ground-reaction force (vGRF) and loading rate, and with peak patellar tendon force and loading rate, and positively associated with peak ankle plantar flexor moment. STUDY DESIGN Cross-sectional study. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level 4. METHODS Kinematic and kinetic data of 26 healthy recreational jumping athletes were measured during a single-leg drop vertical jump. Pearson's correlation coefficients were calculated to establish the association between peak ankle dorsiflexion and ankle dorsiflexion excursion with peak vGRF and vGRF loading rate, with peak patellar tendon force and patellar tendon force loading rate, and with peak ankle plantar flexor moment. RESULTS Ankle dorsiflexion excursion negatively correlated with peak vGRF loading rate (r = -0.49; P = 0.011) and positively correlated with peak ankle flexor plantar moment (r = 0.52; P = 0.006). In addition, there was a positive correlation between peak ankle dorsiflexion and peak vGRF (r = 0.39; P = 0.05). CONCLUSION Ankle kinematics are associated with vGRF loading rate, ankle flexor plantar moment and peak vGRF influencing knee loads, but no association was observed between ankle kinematics and patellar tendon loads. CLINICAL RELEVANCE These results suggest that increasing ankle dorsiflexion excursion may be an important strategy to reduce lower limb loads during landings but should not be viewed as the main factor for reducing patellar tendon force.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adalberto Felipe Martinez
- Department of Physical Therapy, Federal
University of São Carlos, São Carlos, Brazil,Adalberto Felipe Martinez,
Department of Physical Therapy, Federal University of São Carlos, Rod.
Washington Luís, Km 235–CEP, São Carlos, SP 13565-905, Brazil (
)
| | - Rodrigo Scattone Silva
- Postgraduate Program in Rehabilitation
Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences of Trairi, Federal University of Rio Grande do
Norte, Santa Cruz, Brazil
| | | | | | - Fábio Viadanna Serrão
- Department of Physical Therapy, Federal
University of São Carlos, São Carlos, Brazil
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Logerstedt DS, Ebert JR, MacLeod TD, Heiderscheit BC, Gabbett TJ, Eckenrode BJ. Effects of and Response to Mechanical Loading on the Knee. Sports Med 2021; 52:201-235. [PMID: 34669175 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-021-01579-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Mechanical loading to the knee joint results in a differential response based on the local capacity of the tissues (ligament, tendon, meniscus, cartilage, and bone) and how those tissues subsequently adapt to that load at the molecular and cellular level. Participation in cutting, pivoting, and jumping sports predisposes the knee to the risk of injury. In this narrative review, we describe different mechanisms of loading that can result in excessive loads to the knee, leading to ligamentous, musculotendinous, meniscal, and chondral injuries or maladaptations. Following injury (or surgery) to structures around the knee, the primary goal of rehabilitation is to maximize the patient's response to exercise at the current level of function, while minimizing the risk of re-injury to the healing tissue. Clinicians should have a clear understanding of the specific injured tissue(s), and rehabilitation should be driven by knowledge of tissue-healing constraints, knee complex and lower extremity biomechanics, neuromuscular physiology, task-specific activities involving weight-bearing and non-weight-bearing conditions, and training principles. We provide a practical application for prescribing loading progressions of exercises, functional activities, and mobility tasks based on their mechanical load profile to knee-specific structures during the rehabilitation process. Various loading interventions can be used by clinicians to produce physical stress to address body function, physical impairments, activity limitations, and participation restrictions. By modifying the mechanical load elements, clinicians can alter the tissue adaptations, facilitate motor learning, and resolve corresponding physical impairments. Providing different loads that create variable tensile, compressive, and shear deformation on the tissue through mechanotransduction and specificity can promote the appropriate stress adaptations to increase tissue capacity and injury tolerance. Tools for monitoring rehabilitation training loads to the knee are proposed to assess the reactivity of the knee joint to mechanical loading to monitor excessive mechanical loads and facilitate optimal rehabilitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- David S Logerstedt
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of the Sciences in Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Jay R Ebert
- School of Human Sciences (Exercise and Sport Science), University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia.,Orthopaedic Research Foundation of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia.,Perth Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Research Institute, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Toran D MacLeod
- Department of Physical Therapy, Sacramento State University, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Bryan C Heiderscheit
- Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Tim J Gabbett
- Gabbett Performance Solutions, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Centre for Health Research, University of Southern Queensland, Ipswich, QLD, Australia
| | - Brian J Eckenrode
- Department of Physical Therapy, Arcadia University, Glenside, PA, USA
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Aksu N, Atansay V, Karalök I, Aksu T, Kara AN, Hamzaoglu A. Relationship of Patellofemoral Angles and Tibiofemoral Rotational Angles With Jumper's Knee in Professional Dancers: An MRI Analysis. Orthop J Sports Med 2021; 9:2325967120985229. [PMID: 33796584 PMCID: PMC7970196 DOI: 10.1177/2325967120985229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Jumper’s knee is a type of tendinopathy affecting the distal insertion of the
quadriceps tendon (25% of cases) or the patellar tendon. It has been shown
that frontal-plane measurements, such as genu valgum, genu varum, an
increased quadriceps angle, a protuberant tibial tuberosity, patella alta,
and short hamstring muscles, may be related to jumper’s knee. Purpose: To investigate the effects of tibiofemoral rotational angles and
patellofemoral (PF) angles on the development of jumper’s knee in
professional folk dancers. Study Design: Case-control study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: We examined 26 dancers (16 male, 10 female) with knee pain using magnetic
resonance imaging (MRI), for a total of 32 knees. Of the knees, 21 with
quadriceps tendinopathy (QT) and 7 with patellar tendinopathy (PT) were
detected. Using MRI scans, we measured PF angles (PF sulcus angle, lateral
PF angle, patellar tilt angle, lateral trochlear inclination angle, lateral
patellar tilt angle, and PF congruence angle) and tibiofemoral rotational
angles (condylar twist angle, posterior condylar angle, femoral Insall
angle, tibial Insall angle, posterior tibiofemoral angle, and angle between
the Whiteside line and posterior femoral condylar line) and noted specifics
such as patella alta, patella baja, and the Wiberg classification of the
patellar shape between the patients with versus without QT and between
patients with versus without PT to understand if there was any relationship
with tendinopathy. Results: No statistically significant difference was observed in age, sex, patella
alta, or the Wiberg classification between the QT groups (with vs without)
and between the PT groups (with vs without) (P > .05).
Having QT was found to be significantly associated with the PF sulcus angle
(P = .009), and having PT was found to be significantly
associated with the femoral Insall angle (P = .029). Conclusion: Jumper’s knee was found to be associated with anatomic variations of the PF
sulcus angle and rotation of the patellar tendon in relation to the femur
(femoral Insall angle) on axial MRI scans in professional dancers. Unlike
those of other athletes, dancers’ knees are exposed more to external
rotation forces because of turnout, and this can be the cause of jumper’s
knee.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neslihan Aksu
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Demiroglu Bilim University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Vefa Atansay
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Demiroglu Bilim University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Işık Karalök
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Demiroglu Bilim University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Taner Aksu
- Istanbul Neuro-orthopaedics Clinic, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ayhan Nedim Kara
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Demiroglu Bilim University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Azmi Hamzaoglu
- Orthopaedic and Spine Center, Istanbul Florence Nightingale Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
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Effects of second-generation and indoor sports surfaces on knee joint kinetics and kinematics during 45° and 180° cutting manoeuvres, and exploration using statistical parametric mapping and Bayesian analyses. SPORT SCIENCES FOR HEALTH 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11332-020-00633-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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10
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Sinclair J, Butters B, Taylor PJ, Stone M, Bentley I, Edmundson CJ. Effects of different footwear on kinetics, kinematics and muscle forces during the barbell back squat; an exploration using Bayesian modelling. FOOTWEAR SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/19424280.2020.1769202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Sinclair
- Centre for Applied Sport and Exercise Science, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, UK
| | - Bobbie Butters
- Centre for Applied Sport and Exercise Science, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, UK
| | - Paul John Taylor
- School of Psychology, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, UK
| | - Mark Stone
- Centre for Applied Sport and Exercise Science, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, UK
| | - Ian Bentley
- Centre for Applied Sport and Exercise Science, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, UK
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Effects of a patellar strap on knee joint kinetics and kinematics during jump landings: an exploration using a statistical parametric mapping and Bayesian approach. SPORT SCIENCES FOR HEALTH 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s11332-019-00589-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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12
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Acute effects of knee wraps/sleeve on kinetics, kinematics and muscle forces during the barbell back squat. SPORT SCIENCES FOR HEALTH 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s11332-019-00595-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Barker-Davies RM, Roberts A, Watson J, Baker P, Bennett AN, Fong DTP, Wheeler P, Lewis MP. Kinematic and kinetic differences between military patients with patellar tendinopathy and asymptomatic controls during single leg squats. Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon) 2019; 62:127-135. [PMID: 30759406 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2019.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Revised: 05/26/2018] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Knee valgus alignment has been associated with lower-limb musculoskeletal injury. This case-control study aims to: assess biomechanical differences between patients with patellar tendinopathy and healthy controls. METHODS 43 military participants (21 cases, 22 controls) were recorded using 3D-motion capture performing progressively demanding, small knee bend, single leg and single leg decline squats. Planned a priori analysis of peak: hip adduction, knee flexion, pelvic tilt, pelvic obliquity and trunk flexion was conducted using MANOVA. Kinematic and kinetic data were graphed with bootstrapped t-tests and 95% CI's normalised to the squat cycle. ANOVA and correlations in SPSS were used for exploratory analysis. FINDINGS On their symptomatic side cases squatted to less depth (-6.62°, p < 0.05) than controls with exploratory curve analysis revealing a pattern of increased knee valgus collapse throughout the squatting movement (p < 0.05). Greater patella tendon force was generated by: the eccentric than concentric phase of squatting (+30-43%, ES 0.52-1.32, p < 0.01), declined (plantarflexed) compared to horizontal surface (+36-51%, ES 1.19-1.68, p < 0.01) and deeper knee flexion angles (F ≥ 658.3, p < 0.01) with no difference between groups (F ≤ 1.380, p > 0.05). Cases experienced more pain on testing on decline board (ES = 0.69, p < 0.01). For symptomatic limbs pain (rs = 0.458-0.641, p ≤ 0.05), but not VISA-P (Victoria Institute of Sport Assessment) (rs = 0.053-0.090, p > 0.05), correlated with extensor knee moment. INTERPRETATION Knee valgus alignment is a plausible risk factor for patellar tendinopathy. Conclusions relating to causation are limited by the cross-sectional study design. Increasing squat depth, use of a declined surface and isolating the eccentric phase enable progression of loading prescription guided by pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert M Barker-Davies
- Academic Department of Military Rehabilitation, Defence Medical Rehabilitation Centre Headley Court, London, UK; National Centre for Sport and Exercise Medicine, School of Sport Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, UK.
| | - Andrew Roberts
- Academic Department of Military Rehabilitation, Defence Medical Rehabilitation Centre Headley Court, London, UK; Army Personnel Research Capability, Army Headquarters, Andover, UK
| | - James Watson
- Academic Department of Military Rehabilitation, Defence Medical Rehabilitation Centre Headley Court, London, UK
| | - Polly Baker
- Academic Department of Military Rehabilitation, Defence Medical Rehabilitation Centre Headley Court, London, UK
| | - Alexander N Bennett
- Academic Department of Military Rehabilitation, Defence Medical Rehabilitation Centre Headley Court, London, UK; National Heart and Lung Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - Daniel T P Fong
- National Centre for Sport and Exercise Medicine, School of Sport Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, UK
| | - Patrick Wheeler
- National Centre for Sport and Exercise Medicine, School of Sport Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, UK
| | - Mark P Lewis
- National Centre for Sport and Exercise Medicine, School of Sport Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, UK
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15
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Effects of prophylactic knee bracing on knee joint kinetics and kinematics during single- and double-limb post-catch deceleration strategies in university netballers. SPORT SCIENCES FOR HEALTH 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s11332-018-0517-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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16
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Isometric strength of the hip abductors and external rotators in athletes with and without patellar tendinopathy. Eur J Appl Physiol 2018; 118:1635-1640. [PMID: 29804139 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-018-3896-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aims to compare the isometric strength of hip abductors and external rotators in male athletes with and without patellar tendinopathy (PT), and to examine the correlation between hip strength, pain, and functional scores. METHODS Sixty male athletes (30 with PT and 30 controls) were recruited from local volleyball and basketball teams. The isometric strength of the hip abductors and external rotators was quantified using a belt-stabilized handheld dynamometer. This study used the visual analog scale (VAS) and the Victorian Institute of Sport Assessment-Patella (VISA-p) questionnaire to measure the intensity of pain and functional scores in athletes with PT, respectively. RESULTS The normalized isometric strength of the hip abductors and external rotators was significantly less in the PT group compared with controls. In subjects with PT, the normalized isometric strength was decreased by 22.0% (p = 0.000) in the hip abductors and by 20.0% in the hip external rotators (p = 0.004), compared with controls. Significant correlations were found between the normalized isometric strength of the hip abductors and intensity of pain (r = - 0.70; p < 0.05) and VISA-p score (r = 0.63; p < 0.05) in the affected leg in athletes with unilateral PT. CONCLUSIONS Athletes with PT have decreased isometric strength in their hip abductors and external rotators when compared with controls. In subjects with unilateral PT, decreased isometric strength in the hip abductors is associated with greater intensity of pain and lower functional scores. Results of this study implied that hip muscle assessment and strengthening should be included for reconditioning and rehabilitation in athletes with PT.
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17
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Effects of prophylactic knee bracing on patellar tendon loading parameters during functional sports tasks in recreational athletes. SPORT SCIENCES FOR HEALTH 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s11332-017-0420-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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18
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Janssen I, van der Worp H, Hensing S, Zwerver J. Investigating Achilles and patellar tendinopathy prevalence in elite athletics. Res Sports Med 2017; 26:1-12. [DOI: 10.1080/15438627.2017.1393748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ina Janssen
- Sports Science and Innovation, Netherlands Olympic Committee*Netherlands Sports Confederation, Arnhem, The Netherlands
| | - Henk van der Worp
- Center for Sports Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Sjoerd Hensing
- Sports Science and Innovation, Netherlands Olympic Committee*Netherlands Sports Confederation, Arnhem, The Netherlands
| | - Johannes Zwerver
- Center for Sports Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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Scattone Silva R, Purdam CR, Fearon AM, Spratford WA, Kenneally-Dabrowski C, Preston P, Serrão FV, Gaida JE. Effects of Altering Trunk Position during Landings on Patellar Tendon Force and Pain. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2017; 49:2517-2527. [PMID: 28704344 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000001369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to verify the immediate effects of altering sagittal plane trunk position during jump landings on lower limb biomechanics, patellar tendon force, and pain of athletes with and without patellar tendinopathy. METHODS Twenty-one elite male athletes were categorized into three groups: athletes with patellar tendinopathy (TG; n = 7), asymptomatic athletes with patellar tendon abnormalities (n = 7), and asymptomatic athletes without tendon abnormalities (CG; n = 7). A biomechanical evaluation was conducted while the athletes performed drop landings from a bench in a self-selected trunk position (SS). Afterward, the athletes were randomly assigned to land with either a flexed trunk position (FLX) or an extended trunk position (EXT). Variables of interest for this study included sagittal plane peak kinematics, kinetics, patellar tendon force, and pain during the landing tasks. RESULTS Peak patellar tendon force, knee extensor moment, and knee pain decreased in the FLX landing compared with the SS landing, regardless of group. In addition, peak patellar tendon force, knee extensor moment, and vertical ground reaction force were smaller in the FLX landing compared with the EXT landing. The TG had smaller peak ankle dorsiflexion compared with the CG during jump landings, regardless of trunk position. CONCLUSIONS Landing with greater trunk flexion decreased patellar tendon force in elite jumping athletes. An immediate decrease in knee pain was also observed in symptomatic athletes with a more flexed trunk position during landing. Increasing trunk flexion during landing might be an important strategy to reduce tendon overload in jumping athletes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Scattone Silva
- 1Faculty of Health Sciences of Trairi, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Santa Cruz, BRAZIL; 2Department of Physiotherapy, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, BRAZIL; 3Department of Physical Therapies, Australian Institute of Sport, Canberra, AUSTRALIA; 4Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, Canberra, AUSTRALIA; 5Research Institute for Sport and Exercise (UCRISE), University of Canberra, Canberra, AUSTRALIA; 6Movement Science, Australian Institute of Sport, Canberra, AUSTRALIA; and 7Canberra Specialist Ultrasound, Canberra, AUSTRALIA
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Mersmann F, Charcharis G, Bohm S, Arampatzis A. Muscle and Tendon Adaptation in Adolescence: Elite Volleyball Athletes Compared to Untrained Boys and Girls. Front Physiol 2017; 8:417. [PMID: 28670285 PMCID: PMC5472702 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Though the plasticity of human tendons is well explored in adults, it is still unknown how superimposed mechanical loading by means of athletic training affects the properties of tendons during maturation. Due to the increased responsiveness of muscle to mechanical loading, adolescence is an important phase to investigate the effects of training on the mechanical properties of tendons. Hence, in the present study we compared vastus lateralis (VL) architecture, muscle strength of the knee extensor muscles and patellar tendon mechanical properties of male and female adolescent elite athletes to untrained boys and girls. Twenty-one adolescent volleyball athletes (A; 16.7 ± 1 years; 12 boys, 9 girls) and 24 similar-aged controls (C; 16.7 ± 1 years; 12 boys and girls, respectively) performed maximum isometric contractions on a dynamometer for the assessment of muscle strength and, by integrating ultrasound imaging, patellar tendon mechanical properties. Respective joint moments were calculated using an inverse dynamics approach and an electromyography-based estimation of antagonistic contribution. Additionally, the VL pennation angle, fascicle length and muscle-thickness were determined in the inactive state by means of ultrasound. Adolescent athletes produced significantly greater knee extension moments (normalized to body mass) compared to controls (A: 4.23 ± 0.80 Nm/kg, C: 3.57 ± 0.67 Nm/kg; p = 0.004), and showed greater VL thickness and pennation angle (+38% and +27%; p < 0.001). Tendon stiffness (normalized to rest length) was also significantly higher in athletes (A: 86.0 ± 27.1 kN/strain, C: 70.2 ± 18.8 kN/strain; p = 0.04), yet less pronounced compared to tendon force (A: 5785 ± 1146 N, C: 4335 ± 1015 N; p < 0.001), which resulted in higher levels of tendon strain during maximum contractions in athletes (A: 8.0 ± 1.9%, C: 6.4 ± 1.8%; p = 0.008). We conclude that athletic volleyball training provides a more efficient stimulus for muscle compared to tendon adaptation, which results in an increased demand placed upon the tendon by the working muscle in adolescent volleyball athletes. Besides implications for sport performance, these findings might have important consequences for the risk of tendon overuse injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Falk Mersmann
- Department of Training and Movement Sciences, Humboldt-Universität zu BerlinBerlin, Germany.,Berlin School of Movement ScienceBerlin, Germany
| | - Georgios Charcharis
- Department of Training and Movement Sciences, Humboldt-Universität zu BerlinBerlin, Germany.,Berlin School of Movement ScienceBerlin, Germany
| | - Sebastian Bohm
- Department of Training and Movement Sciences, Humboldt-Universität zu BerlinBerlin, Germany.,Berlin School of Movement ScienceBerlin, Germany
| | - Adamantios Arampatzis
- Department of Training and Movement Sciences, Humboldt-Universität zu BerlinBerlin, Germany.,Berlin School of Movement ScienceBerlin, Germany
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Peña J, Moreno-Doutres D, Borràs X, Altarriba A, Baiget E, Caparrós A, Buscà B. Patellar Tendinopathy in Team Sports: Preventive Exercises. Strength Cond J 2017. [DOI: 10.1519/ssc.0000000000000303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Richards J, Selfe J, Sinclair J, May K, Thomas G. The effect of different decline angles on the biomechanics of double limb squats and the implications to clinical and training practice. J Hum Kinet 2016; 52:125-138. [PMID: 28149400 PMCID: PMC5260524 DOI: 10.1515/hukin-2015-0200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Bilateral decline squatting has been well documented as a rehabilitation exercise, however, little information exists on the optimum angle of decline. The aim of this study was to determine the ankle and knee angle, moments, the patellofemoral joint load, patellar tendon load and associated muscle activity while performing a double limb squat at different decline angles and the implications to rehabilitation. Eighteen healthy subjects performed double limb squats at 6 angles of declination: 0, 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25 degrees. The range of motion of the knee and ankle joints, external moments, the patellofemoral/patellar tendon load and integrated EMG of gastrocnemius, tibialis anterior, rectus femoris and biceps femoris were evaluated. As the decline angle increased up to 20 degrees, the range of motion possible at the ankle and knee increased. The joint moments showed a decrease at the ankle up to 15 degrees and an increase at the knee up to 25 degrees, indicating a progressive reduction in loading around the ankle with a corresponding increase of the load in the patellar tendon and patellofemoral joint. These trends were supported by a decrease in tibialis anterior activity and an increase in the rectus femoris activity up to 15 degrees declination. However, gastrocnemius and biceps femoris activity increased as the decline angle increased above 15 degrees. The action of gastrocnemius and biceps femoris stabilises the knee against an anterior displacement of the femur on the tibia. These findings would suggest that there is little benefit in using a decline angle greater than 15-20 degrees unless the purpose is to offer an additional stability challenge to the knee joint.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jim Richards
- Allied Health Research unit, University of Central Lancashire, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - James Selfe
- Department of Health Professions, Faculty of Health, Psychology and Social Care, Manchester Metropolitan University, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - Jonathan Sinclair
- Centre for Applied Sport & Exercise Sciences, University of Central Lancashire, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - Karen May
- Allied Health Research unit, University of Central Lancashire, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - Gavin Thomas
- Allied Health Research unit, University of Central Lancashire, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
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Wiesinger HP, Rieder F, Kösters A, Müller E, Seynnes OR. Are Sport-Specific Profiles of Tendon Stiffness and Cross-Sectional Area Determined by Structural or Functional Integrity? PLoS One 2016; 11:e0158441. [PMID: 27362657 PMCID: PMC4928785 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0158441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2016] [Accepted: 06/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to determine whether distinct sets of tendon properties are seen in athletes engaged in sports with contrasting requirements for tendon function and structural integrity. Patellar and Achilles tendon morphology and force-deformation relation were measured by combining ultrasonography, electromyography and dynamometry in elite ski jumpers, distance runners, water polo players and sedentary individuals. Tendon cross-sectional area normalized to body mass2/3 was smaller in water polo players than in other athletes (patellar and Achilles tendon; -28 to -24%) or controls (patellar tendon only; -9%). In contrast, the normalized cross-sectional area was larger in runners (patellar tendon only; +26%) and ski jumpers (patellar and Achilles tendon; +21% and +13%, respectively) than in controls. Tendon stiffness normalized to body mass2/3 only differed in ski jumpers, compared to controls (patellar and Achilles tendon; +11% and +27%, respectively) and to water polo players (Achilles tendon only; +23%). Tendon size appears as an adjusting variable to changes in loading volume and/or intensity, possibly to preserve ultimate strength or fatigue resistance. However, uncoupled morphological and mechanical properties indicate that functional requirements may also influence tendon adaptations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans-Peter Wiesinger
- Department of Sport Science and Kinesiology, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
- * E-mail:
| | - Florian Rieder
- Department of Sport Science and Kinesiology, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Alexander Kösters
- Department of Sport Science and Kinesiology, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Erich Müller
- Department of Sport Science and Kinesiology, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Olivier R. Seynnes
- Department of Physical Performance, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway
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Mendonça LD, Verhagen E, Bittencourt NF, Gonçalves GG, Ocarino JM, Fonseca ST. Factors associated with the presence of patellar tendon abnormalities in male athletes. J Sci Med Sport 2016; 19:389-94. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2015.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2015] [Revised: 05/17/2015] [Accepted: 05/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Patellar Tendinopathy: Clinical Diagnosis, Load Management, and Advice for Challenging Case Presentations. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2015; 45:887-98. [PMID: 26390269 DOI: 10.2519/jospt.2015.5987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Synopsis The hallmark features of patellar tendinopathy are (1) pain localized to the inferior pole of the patella and (2) load-related pain that increases with the demand on the knee extensors, notably in activities that store and release energy in the patellar tendon. While imaging may assist in differential diagnosis, the diagnosis of patellar tendinopathy remains clinical, as asymptomatic tendon pathology may exist in people who have pain from other anterior knee sources. A thorough examination is required to diagnose patellar tendinopathy and contributing factors. Management of patellar tendinopathy should focus on progressively developing load tolerance of the tendon, the musculoskeletal unit, and the kinetic chain, as well as addressing key biomechanical and other risk factors. Rehabilitation can be slow and sometimes frustrating. This review aims to assist clinicians with key concepts related to examination, diagnosis, and management of patellar tendinopathy. Difficult clinical presentations (eg, highly irritable tendon, systemic comorbidities) as well as common pitfalls, such as unrealistic rehabilitation time frames and overreliance on passive treatments, are also discussed. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2015;45(11):887-898. Epub 21 Sep 2015. doi:10.2519/jospt.2015.5987.
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Rehabilitation of Patellar Tendinopathy Using Hip Extensor Strengthening and Landing-Strategy Modification: Case Report With 6-Month Follow-up. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2015; 45:899-909. [PMID: 26390271 DOI: 10.2519/jospt.2015.6242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Study Design Case report. Background Although eccentric exercises have been a cornerstone of the rehabilitation of athletes with patellar tendinopathy, the effectiveness of this intervention is sometimes less than ideal. Athletes with patellar tendinopathy have been shown to have different jump-landing patterns and lower hip extensor strength compared to asymptomatic athletes. To our knowledge, the effectiveness of an intervention addressing these impairments has not yet been investigated. Case Description The patient was a 21-year-old male volleyball athlete with a 9-month history of patellar tendon pain. Pain was measured with a visual analog scale. Disability was measured with the Victorian Institute of Sport Assessment-patella questionnaire. These assessments were conducted before and after an 8-week intervention, as well as at 6 months after the intervention. Hip and knee kinematics and kinetics during drop vertical jump and isometric strength were also measured before and after the 8-week intervention. The intervention consisted of hip extensor muscle strengthening and jump landing strategy modification training. The patient did not interrupt volleyball practice/competition during rehabilitation. Outcomes After the 8-week intervention and at 6 months postintervention, the athlete was completely asymptomatic during sports participation. This favorable clinical outcome was accompanied by a 50% increase in hip extensor moment, a 21% decrease in knee extensor moment, and a 26% decrease in patellar tendon force during jump landing measured at 8 weeks. Discussion This case report provides an example of how an 8-week intervention of hip muscle strengthening and jump-landing modification decreased pain and disability and improved jump-landing biomechanics in an athlete with patellar tendinopathy. Level of Evidence Therapy, level 4. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2015;45(11):899-909. Epub 21 Sep 2015. doi:10.2519/jospt.2015.6242.
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Pearson SJ, Hussain SR. Region-specific tendon properties and patellar tendinopathy: a wider understanding. Sports Med 2015; 44:1101-12. [PMID: 24838651 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-014-0201-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Patellar tendinopathy is a common painful musculoskeletal disorder with a very high prevalence in the athletic population that can severely limit or even end an athletic career. To date, the underlying pathophysiology leading to the condition remains poorly understood, although reports suggesting that patellar tendinopathy most frequently concerns the proximal posterior region of the tendon has prompted some researchers to examine region-specific tendon properties for a better understanding of the etiology and potential risk factors associated with the condition. However, to date, research concerning the in vivo region-specific tendon properties in relation to patellar tendinopathy is very scarce, perhaps due to the lack of validated techniques that can determine such properties in vivo. In recent years, a technique has been developed involving an automated tendon-tracking program that appears to be very useful in the determination of region-specific tendon properties in vivo. In terms of regional variations in tendon properties, previous research has demonstrated differences in structural, mechanical, and biochemical properties between the discrete regions of the patellar tendon, but the extent to which these regional variations contribute to patellar tendinopathy remains elusive. In addition, with respect to treatment strategies for patellar tendinopathy, previous research has utilized a wide range of interventions, but the use of eccentric exercise (EE) and/or heavy-slow resistance (HSR) training appear to be most promising. However, the optimal program design variables of EE and HSR training that induce the most favorable effects are yet to be determined. This review article provides a detailed discussion of all of the above to allow a better understanding of the etiology and potential risk factors associated with the condition as well as the most effective treatment strategies. First, a comprehensive literature review is provided with respect to region-specific structural, mechanical, and biochemical properties, in association with patellar tendinopathy. Second, the automated tendon-tracking methodology is outlined to assist future researchers in the determination of region-specific tendon properties. Finally, potential treatment strategies are discussed, particularly with regards to the use of EE and HSR training for the management of patellar tendinopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen John Pearson
- Centre for Health, Sport and Rehabilitation Sciences Research, University of Salford, Manchester, M6 6PU, UK,
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Sinclair J, Taylor PJ. Sex Variation in Patellar Tendon Kinetics During Running. HUMAN MOVEMENT 2015. [DOI: 10.1515/humo-2015-0027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractPurpose. The aim of the current investigation was to determine whether female recreational runners exhibit distinct patellar tendon loading patterns in relation to their male counterparts. Methods. Twelve male (age 26.55 ± 4.11 years, height 1.78 ± 0.11 m, mass 77.11 ± 5.06 kg) and twelve female (age 26.67 ± 5.34 years, height 1.67 ± 0.12 m, mass 63.28 ± 9.75 kg) runners ran over a force platform at 4.0 m · s-1. Lower limb kinematics were collected using an eight-camera optoelectric motion capture system which operated at 250 Hz. Patellar tendon loads were examined using a predictive algorithm. Sex differences in limb, knee and ankle joint stiffness were examined statistically using independent samples t tests. Results. The results indicate that patellar tendon force (male = 6.49 ± 2.28, female = 7.03 ± 1.35) and patelllar tendon loading rate (male = 92.41 ± 32.51, female = 111.05 ± 48.58) were significantly higher in female runners. Conclusions. Excessive tendon loading in female runners indicates that female runners may be at increased risk of patellar tendon pathologies.
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JANSSEN INA, STEELE JULIER, MUNRO BRIDGETJ, BROWN NICHOLASAT. Sex Differences in Neuromuscular Recruitment Are Not Related to Patellar Tendon Load. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2014; 46:1410-6. [DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000000252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Janssen I, Steele JR, Munro BJ, Brown NAT. Previously identified patellar tendinopathy risk factors differ between elite and sub-elite volleyball players. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2014; 25:308-14. [DOI: 10.1111/sms.12206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- I. Janssen
- Biomechanics Research Laboratory; Faculty of Science, Medicine & Health; University of Wollongong; Wollongong New South Wales Australia
- AIS Movement Science; Australian Institute of Sport; Canberra Australian Capital Territory Australia
| | - J. R. Steele
- Biomechanics Research Laboratory; Faculty of Science, Medicine & Health; University of Wollongong; Wollongong New South Wales Australia
| | - B. J. Munro
- Biomechanics Research Laboratory; Faculty of Science, Medicine & Health; University of Wollongong; Wollongong New South Wales Australia
| | - N. A. T. Brown
- AIS Movement Science; Australian Institute of Sport; Canberra Australian Capital Territory Australia
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Janssen I, Brown NAT, Munro BJ, Steele JR. Variations in jump height explain the between-sex difference in patellar tendon loading during landing. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2014; 25:265-72. [PMID: 24422682 DOI: 10.1111/sms.12172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Patellar tendinopathy is the most common overuse knee injury in volleyball, with men reporting more than twice the injury prevalence than women. Although high patellar tendon loading is thought to be a causative factor of patellar tendinopathy, it is unknown whether between-sex variations in landing technique account for differences in patellar tendon loading. It was hypothesized that male volleyball players would display differences in landing technique and would generate higher patellar tendon loading than their female counterparts. The landing technique and patellar tendon loading of 20 male and 20 female volleyball players performing a lateral stop-jump block movement were collected. Independent t-tests were used to identify any between-sex differences in landing technique with the data grouped to account for differences in jump height and in anthropometry. Male volleyball players were taller and heavier, landed from a higher height, displayed differences in landing kinematics, generated a significantly greater knee extensor moment, and experienced higher patellar tendon loading than female players when all 40 participants were compared. However, when participants were matched on jump height, they generated similar patellar tendon loading, irrespective of their sex. These results imply that jump height is a more important determinant of patellar tendon loading than sex.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Janssen
- Biomechanics Research Laboratory, Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia; AIS Movement Science, Australian Institute of Sport, Canberra, Australia
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