1
|
Mohl W, Kiseleva Z, Jusic A, Bruckner M, Mader RM. Signs and signals limiting myocardial damage using PICSO: a scoping review decoding paradigm shifts toward a new encounter. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1030842. [PMID: 37229230 PMCID: PMC10204926 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1030842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Inducing recovery in myocardial ischemia is limited to a timely reopening of infarct vessels and clearing the cardiac microcirculation, but additional molecular factors may impact recovery. Objective In this scoping review, we identify the paradigm shifts decoding the branching points of experimental and clinical evidence of pressure-controlled intermittent coronary sinus occlusion (PICSO), focusing on myocardial salvage and molecular implications on infarct healing and repair. Design The reporting of evidence was structured chronologically, describing the evolution of the concept from mainstream research to core findings dictating a paradigm change. All data reported in this scoping review are based on published data, but new evaluations are also included. Results Previous findings relate hemodynamic PICSO effects clearing reperfused microcirculation to myocardial salvage. The activation of venous endothelium opened a new avenue for understanding PICSO. A flow-sensitive signaling molecule, miR-145-5p, showed a five-fold increase in porcine myocardium subjected to PICSO.Verifying our theory of "embryonic recall," an upregulation of miR-19b and miR-101 significantly correlates to the time of pressure increase in cardiac veins during PICSO (r2 = 0.90, p < 0.05; r2 = 0.98, p < 0.03), suggesting a flow- and pressure-dependent secretion of signaling molecules into the coronary circulation. Furthermore, cardiomyocyte proliferation by miR-19b and the protective role of miR-101 against remodeling show another potential interaction of PICSO in myocardial healing. Conclusion Molecular signaling during PICSO may contribute to retroperfusion toward deprived myocardium and clearing the reperfused cardiac microcirculation. A burst of specific miRNA reiterating embryonic molecular pathways may play a role in targeting myocardial jeopardy and will be an essential therapeutic contribution in limiting infarcts in recovering patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Werner Mohl
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Zlata Kiseleva
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Alem Jusic
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Matthäus Bruckner
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Robert M. Mader
- Department of Medicine I, Comprehensive Cancer Center of the Medical University of Vienna, Vienna,Austria
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Transcatheter Coronary Sinus Interventions. JACC Cardiovasc Interv 2022; 15:1397-1412. [PMID: 35863788 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcin.2022.05.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The coronary sinus has become a popular route for an increasing number of innovative transcatheter interventions to treat coronary and structural heart diseases. However, interventional cardiologists have limited experience with the cardiac venous system and its highly variable anatomy. In this paper, we review the anatomy of the cardiac veins as it relates to transcatheter interventions. We also provide a contemporary overview of the emerging coronary sinus-based transcatheter therapies and their growing literature.
Collapse
|
3
|
Mohl W, Molnár L, Merkely B. Cardiac Vein Anatomy and Transcoronary Sinus Catheter Interventions in Myocardial Ischemia. Interv Cardiol 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/9781119697367.ch37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
|
4
|
|
5
|
Mohl W, Spitzer E, Mader RM, Wagh V, Nguemo F, Milasinovic D, Jusić A, Khazen C, Szodorai E, Birkenberg B, Lubec G, Hescheler J, Serruys PW. Acute molecular effects of pressure-controlled intermittent coronary sinus occlusion in patients with advanced heart failure. ESC Heart Fail 2018; 5:1176-1183. [PMID: 30230713 PMCID: PMC6301157 DOI: 10.1002/ehf2.12354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2018] [Revised: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims Cardiac repair has steered clinical attention and remains an unmet need, because available regenerative therapies lack robust mechanistic evidence. Pressure‐controlled intermittent coronary sinus occlusion (PICSO), known to induce angiogenetic and vasoactive molecules as well as to reduce regional ischemia, may activate endogenous regenerative processes in failing myocardium. We aimed to investigate the effects of PICSO in patients with advanced heart failure undergoing cardiac resynchronization therapy. Methods and results Eight out of 32 patients were treated with PICSO, and the remainder served as controls. After electrode testing including left ventricular leads, PICSO was performed for 20 min. To test immediate molecular responses, in both patient groups, coronary venous blood samples were taken at baseline and after 20 min, the time required for the intervention. Sera were tested for microRNAs and growth factors. To test the ability of up‐regulated soluble factors on cell proliferation and expression of transcription factors [e.g. Krüppel‐like factor 4 (KLF‐4)], sera were co‐cultured with human cardiomyocytes and fibroblasts. As compared with controls, significant differential expression (differences between pre‐values and post‐values in relation to both patient cohorts) of microRNA patterns associated with cardiac development was observed with PICSO. Importantly, miR‐143 (P < 0.048) and miR‐145 (P < 0,047) increased, both targeting a network of transcription factors (including KLF‐4) that promote differentiation and repress proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells. Additionally, an increase of miR‐19b (P < 0.019) known to alleviate endothelial cell apoptosis was found, whereas disadvantageous miR‐320b (P < 0.023) suspect to impair expression of c‐myc, normally provoking cell cycle re‐entry in post‐mitotic myocytes and miR‐25 (P < 0.023), decreased, a target of anti‐miR application to improve contractility in the failing heart. Co‐cultured post‐PICSO sera significantly increased cellular proliferation both in fibroblasts (P < 0.001) and adult cardiomycytes (P < 0.004) sampled from a transplant recipient as compared with controls. Adult cardiomyocytes showed a seven‐fold increase of the transcription factor KLF‐4 protein when co‐cultured with treated sera as compared with controls. Conclusions Here, we show for the first time that PICSO, a trans‐coronary sinus catheter intervention, is associated with an increase in morphogens secreted into cardiac veins, normally present during cardiac development, and a significant induction of cell proliferation. Present findings support the notion that epigenetic modifications, that is, haemodynamic stimuli on venous vascular cells, may reverse myocardial deterioration. Further investigations are needed to decipher the maze of complex interacting molecular pathways in failing myocardium and the potential role of PICSO to reinitiate developmental processes to prevent further myocardial decay eventually reaching clinical significance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Werner Mohl
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ernest Spitzer
- Department of Cardiology, Thoraxcenter, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Robert M Mader
- Department of Medicine I, Comprehensive Cancer Center of the Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Vilas Wagh
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Filomain Nguemo
- Center of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Institute of Neurophysiology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Dejan Milasinovic
- Department of Cardiology, Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Alem Jusić
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Cesar Khazen
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Edit Szodorai
- Department of Molecular Neurosciences, Center for Brain Research, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Beatrice Birkenberg
- Department of Anesthesiology and General Intensive Care, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gert Lubec
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Juergen Hescheler
- Center of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Institute of Neurophysiology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Patrick W Serruys
- International Centre for Circulatory Health, NHLI, Imperial College London, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Wei GL, Zheng XZ, Chen KQ, Shi YY, Wang LY, Tan XY. Coronary sinus flow is reduced in methamphetamine abusers: a transthoracic echocardiographic study. Int J Cardiovasc Imaging 2018; 34:1889-1894. [PMID: 30032415 DOI: 10.1007/s10554-018-1417-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
To compare the coronary sinus flow among healthy participants, methamphetamine abusers without chest pain and those with chest pain. One hundred and eight methamphetamine abusers: 53 ones without chest pain, 55 ones with chest pain, free of ascertained coronary artery disease, were enrolled in this study. A control group of 50 age-matched male healthy participants was studied for comparison. Standard 2D, flow and tissue Doppler echo with measurements of cardiac morphologic and functional indicators, coronary sinus flow, and inferior vena cava (IVC) ultrasound with measurements of the IVC dimensions and their collapsibility index were performed, respectively. Compared to healthy participants, methamphetamine abusers had higher blood pressure, greater left ventricular mass index and more impaired diastolic function, with preserved cardiac sizes, systolic function and right atrial pressure. Methamphetamine abusers with chest pain had faster heart rate than those without chest pain and healthy participants. Coronary sinus flow was significantly less in methamphetamine abusers than in healthy participants (P < 0.05), and was extremely lower in those with chest pain than in healthy participants (about one-fourth) (P < 0.01). The area under the curve (AUC) of coronary sinus flow was 0.913 (0.864-0.962), and the cutoff value with 221.65 mL/min had sensitivity of 83.4%, specificity of 87.2% and accuracy of 85.2% for differentiating methamphetamine abusers from healthy participants. While the AUC of coronary sinus flow was 0.996 (0.989-1.003), and the cutoff value with 172.59 mL/min had sensitivity of 100%, specificity of 93.3% and accuracy of 96.5% for predicting methamphetamine abusers with chest pain. Coronary sinus flow is significant reduced in methamphetamine abusers, which is maybe a good indicator for indentifying methamphetamine abusers from normal population, and for predicting methamphetamine abusers with chest pain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guang-Liang Wei
- Department of Ultrasound, The People's Hospital of Hongze, 102 Dongfeng Road, Hongze, 223100, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Zhi Zheng
- Department of Ultrasound, Yancheng Institute of Clinical (The First People's Hospital of Yancheng), Xuzhou Medical University, 166 West Yulong Road, Yancheng, 224006, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Ke-Qi Chen
- Department of Ultrasound, Yancheng Institute of Clinical (The First People's Hospital of Yancheng), Xuzhou Medical University, 166 West Yulong Road, Yancheng, 224006, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yun-Yan Shi
- Department of Ultrasound, Yancheng Institute of Clinical (The First People's Hospital of Yancheng), Xuzhou Medical University, 166 West Yulong Road, Yancheng, 224006, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Lian-You Wang
- Hospital of Fangqiang Forced Quarantine and Drug Rehabilitation Center, 1 West Haibin Road, Fangqiang Farm, Dafeng, Yancheng, 224165, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Xu-Yan Tan
- Department of Ultrasound, Jiangsu Province Tumor Hospital, 42 Baiziting Road, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Mohl W, Henry TD, Milasinovic D, Nguemo F, Hescheler J, Perin EC. From state-of-the-art cell therapy to endogenous cardiac repair. EUROINTERVENTION 2018; 13:760-772. [PMID: 28844036 DOI: 10.4244/eij-d-17-00467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Clinical heart failure prevention and contemporary therapy often involve breaking the vicious cycle of global haemodynamic consequences of myocardial decay. The lack of effective regenerative therapies results in a primary focus on preventing further deterioration of cardiac performance. The cellular transplantation hypothesis has been evaluated in many different preclinical models and a handful of important clinical trials. The primary expectation that cellular transplants will be embedded into failing myocardium and fuse with existing functioning cells appears unlikely. A multitude of cellular formulas, access routes and clinical surrogate endpoints for evaluation add to the complexity of cellular therapies. Several recent large clinical trials have provided insights into both the regenerative potential and clinical improvement from non-regenerative mechanisms. Initiating endogenous repair seems to be another meaningful alternative to recover structural integrity in myocardial injury. This option may be achieved using a transcoronary sinus catheter intervention, implying the understanding of basic principles in biology. With intermittent reduction of outflow in cardiac veins (PICSO), vascular cells appear to be activated and restart a programme similar to pathways in the developing heart. Structural regeneration may be possible without requiring exogenous agents, or a combination of both approaches may become clinical reality in the next decade.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Werner Mohl
- Department of Cardiac Surgery (Emeritus), Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Mohl W, Molnár L, Merkely B. Cardiac Vein Anatomy and Transcoronary Sinus Catheter Interventions in Myocardial Ischemia. Interv Cardiol 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/9781118983652.ch84] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Werner Mohl
- Department of Cardiac Surgery; Medical University of Vienna; Vienna Austria
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
De Maria GL, Kassimis G, Raina T, Banning AP. Reconsidering the back door approach by targeting the coronary sinus in ischaemic heart disease. Heart 2016; 102:1263-9. [DOI: 10.1136/heartjnl-2016-309642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2016] [Accepted: 04/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
|
10
|
Zheng XZ, Wu J, Zheng Q, Zha WZ. Coronary Sinus Flow Is Reduced and Recovered With Time in Viral Myocarditis Mimicking Acute Coronary Syndrome: A Transthoracic Doppler Echocardiographic Study. JOURNAL OF ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE 2016; 35:63-69. [PMID: 26635252 DOI: 10.7863/ultra.14.12068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2014] [Accepted: 04/17/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The clinical presentation of myocarditis often mimics acute coronary syndrome. Coronary sinus flow has been used for detection of the presence of myocardial ischemia. Whether myocarditis is associated with changes in coronary sinus flow remains unknown. The aim of this study was to assess coronary sinus flow at the onset and follow-up of myocarditis mimicking acute coronary syndrome using transthoracic Doppler echocardiography (TTE). METHODS Sixty-four patients with clinically diagnosed viral myocarditis mimicking acute coronary syndrome underwent TTE on days 3, 7, 30, 90, 180, and 360 after onset. Coronary sinus flow was compared among different points in time. RESULTS Compared to healthy participants, all patients with myocarditis had a larger cardiac size, reduced cardiac function, and electrocardiographic and myocardial enzyme abnormalities on days 3 and 7 days (P< .01; P< .05). They later had gradual restoration to normal levels. On days 3 and 7, the coronary sinus flow in patients with myocarditis was extremely lower than that in healthy participants (about one-tenth), although coronary angiography revealed unobstructed arteries. On days 30, 90, 180, and 360, the coronary sinus flow had been increasing; however, it was still far less than that in healthy participants (P < .01). CONCLUSIONS Coronary sinus flow depicted by TTE is reduced but recovers with time in viral myocarditis mimicking acute coronary syndrome, which is a useful indicator in the follow-up of this type of myocarditis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Zhi Zheng
- Departments of Ultrasound (X.-Z.Z., J.W.) and Cardiology (Q.Z.) and Second General Surgery (W.-Z.Z.), First People's Hospital of Yancheng, Yancheng, China
| | - Jing Wu
- Departments of Ultrasound (X.-Z.Z., J.W.) and Cardiology (Q.Z.) and Second General Surgery (W.-Z.Z.), First People's Hospital of Yancheng, Yancheng, China
| | - Quan Zheng
- Departments of Ultrasound (X.-Z.Z., J.W.) and Cardiology (Q.Z.) and Second General Surgery (W.-Z.Z.), First People's Hospital of Yancheng, Yancheng, China
| | - Wen-Zhang Zha
- Departments of Ultrasound (X.-Z.Z., J.W.) and Cardiology (Q.Z.) and Second General Surgery (W.-Z.Z.), First People's Hospital of Yancheng, Yancheng, China.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Milasinovic D, Mohl W. Contemporary perspective on endogenous myocardial regeneration. World J Stem Cells 2015; 7:793-805. [PMID: 26131310 PMCID: PMC4478626 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v7.i5.793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2014] [Revised: 03/01/2015] [Accepted: 04/20/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Considering the complex nature of the adult heart, it is no wonder that innate regenerative processes, while maintaining adequate cardiac function, fall short in myocardial jeopardy. In spite of these enchaining limitations, cardiac rejuvenation occurs as well as restricted regeneration. In this review, the background as well as potential mechanisms of endogenous myocardial regeneration are summarized. We present and analyze the available evidence in three subsequent steps. First, we examine the experimental research data that provide insights into the mechanisms and origins of the replicating cardiac myocytes, including cell populations referred to as cardiac progenitor cells (i.e., c-kit+ cells). Second, we describe the role of clinical settings such as acute or chronic myocardial ischemia, as initiators of pathways of endogenous myocardial regeneration. Third, the hitherto conducted clinical studies that examined different approaches of initiating endogenous myocardial regeneration in failing human hearts are analyzed. In conclusion, we present the evidence in support of the notion that regaining cardiac function beyond cellular replacement of dysfunctional myocardium via initiation of innate regenerative pathways could create a new perspective and a paradigm change in heart failure therapeutics. Reinitiating cardiac morphogenesis by reintroducing developmental pathways in the adult failing heart might provide a feasible way of tissue regeneration. Based on our hypothesis “embryonic recall”, we present first supporting evidence on regenerative impulses in the myocardium, as induced by developmental processes.
Collapse
|
12
|
Mohl W, Milasinovic D, Maurer G. Transcoronary sinus catheter interventions: back in the repertoire? EUROINTERVENTION 2015; 11:19, 21, 23. [DOI: 10.4244/eijv11i1a3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
13
|
Affiliation(s)
- David P. Faxon
- From the Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Mohl W, Gangl C, Jusić A, Aschacher T, De Jonge M, Rattay F. PICSO: from myocardial salvage to tissue regeneration. CARDIOVASCULAR REVASCULARIZATION MEDICINE 2015; 16:36-46. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carrev.2014.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2014] [Revised: 12/04/2014] [Accepted: 12/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
|
15
|
The Hypothesis of “Embryonic Recall”: Mechanotransduction as Common Denominator Linking Normal Cardiogenesis to Recovery in Adult Failing Hearts. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2014. [DOI: 10.3390/jcdd1010073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
|
16
|
Zheng XZ, Yang B, Wu J. Sex-specific assessment of reduced coronary sinus flow in non-hypertensive patients with coronary artery disease at rest. Libyan J Med 2013; 8:21553. [PMID: 23863220 PMCID: PMC3714674 DOI: 10.3402/ljm.v8i0.21553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2013] [Accepted: 06/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Access to data on the coronary flow in the coronary sinus (CS) can aid in the diagnosis of coronary artery disease (CAD). We tested the hypothesis that assessing the CS flow by transthoracic Doppler echocardiography (TTE) at rest can detect coronary artery stenosis in non-hypertensive patients. METHODS The antegrade phase of coronary flow in the CS was analyzed and compared in 140 male and 135 female non-hypertensive subjects who had all undergone coronary angiography. RESULTS There were statistically significant differences noted between males and females for the CS flow both in normal subjects and patients with CAD. Compared with normal subjects, patients with CAD had significantly lower blood flow in the CS both in males (196.6±174.31 vs. 367.65±168.04 ml/min, P<0.01) and females (183.04±65.46 vs. 244.13±135.43 ml/min P<0.01). For males, the diagnostic sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of the cutoff value of the CS flow (206 ml/min) for predicting a significant coronary artery stenosis (>70%) were 91.67%, 81.25%, and 85.71%, respectively. For females, those of the cutoff value of the CS flow (195 ml/min) were 85.71%, 75%, and 80%, respectively. CONCLUSION TTE can effectively detect coronary hemodynamically significant stenosis in non-hypertensive male and female patients at different cutoff values.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Zhi Zheng
- Department of Ultrasound, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing City, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
- Department of Ultrasound, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, The First People's Hospital of Yancheng, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Yang
- Department of Ultrasound, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing City, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Wu
- Department of Ultrasound, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, The First People's Hospital of Yancheng, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
The legacy of coronary sinus interventions: Endogenous cardioprotection and regeneration beyond stem cell research. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2008; 136:1131-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2008.05.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2008] [Revised: 04/18/2008] [Accepted: 05/15/2008] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
18
|
Mohl W, Mina S, Milasinovic D, Kasahara H, Wei S, Maurer G. Is activation of coronary venous cells the key to cardiac regeneration? ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 5:528-30. [PMID: 18679384 DOI: 10.1038/ncpcardio1298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2007] [Accepted: 04/23/2008] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Werner Mohl
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Basic and applied research at the department of cardio-thoracic surgery: work in progress. Wien Klin Wochenschr 2008. [DOI: 10.1007/s00508-008-1044-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|