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Li SY, Wang YZ, Chen W, Ma LX, Zhang JM, Zhang YL, Zeng YQ. Integrated analysis of the DNA methylome and RNA transcriptome during the development of skeletal muscle in Duroc pigs. BMC Genomics 2024; 25:504. [PMID: 38778260 PMCID: PMC11110227 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-024-10404-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Skeletal muscle development plays a crucial role in yield and quality of pork; however, this process is influenced by various factors. In this study, we employed whole-genome bisulfite sequencing (WGBS) and transcriptome sequencing to comprehensively investigate the longissimus dorsi muscle (LDM), aiming to identify key genes that impact the growth and development of Duroc pigs with different average daily gains (ADGs). RESULTS Eight pigs were selected and divided into two groups based on ADGs: H (774.89 g) group and L (658.77 g) group. Each pair of the H and L groups were half-siblings. The results of methylation sequencing revealed 2631 differentially methylated genes (DMGs) involved in metabolic processes, signalling, insulin secretion, and other biological activities. Furthermore, a joint analysis was conducted on these DMGs and the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) obtained from transcriptome sequencing of the same individual. This analysis identified 316 differentially methylated and differentially expressed genes (DMEGs), including 18 DMEGs in promoter regions and 294 DMEGs in gene body regions. Finally, LPAR1 and MEF2C were selected as candidate genes associated with muscle development. Bisulfite sequencing PCR (BSP) and quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) revealed that the promoter region of LPAR1 exhibited significantly lower methylation levels (P < 0.05) and greater expression levels (P < 0.05) in the H group than in the L group. Additionally, hypermethylation was observed in the gene body region of MEF2C, as was a low expression level, in the H group (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that the differences in the ADGs of Duroc pigs fed the same diet may be influenced by the methylation levels and expression levels of genes related to skeletal muscle development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Yin Li
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Street, Taian, 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Yun-Zhou Wang
- Shandong Vocational Animal Science and Veterinary College, Weifang, 261061, Shandong, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Street, Taian, 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Li-Xia Ma
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Street, Taian, 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Jian-Min Zhang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Street, Taian, 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Yu-Lun Zhang
- Department, Shandong Ding Tai Animal Husbandry Co. Ltd., Jinan, 250300, Shandong, China
| | - Yong-Qing Zeng
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Street, Taian, 271018, Shandong, China.
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Cao H, Du T, Li C, Wu L, Liu J, Guo Y, Li X, Yang G, Jin J, Shi X. MicroRNA-668-3p inhibits myoblast proliferation and differentiation by targeting Appl1. BMC Genomics 2023; 24:415. [PMID: 37488537 PMCID: PMC10364376 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-023-09431-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Skeletal muscle is the largest tissue in the body, and it affects motion, metabolism and homeostasis. Skeletal muscle development comprises myoblast proliferation, fusion and differentiation to form myotubes, which subsequently form mature muscle fibres. This process is strictly regulated by a series of molecular networks. Increasing evidence has shown that noncoding RNAs, especially microRNAs (miRNAs), play vital roles in regulating skeletal muscle growth. Here, we showed that miR-668-3p is highly expressed in skeletal muscle. METHODS Proliferating and differentiated C2C12 cells were transfected with miR-668-3p mimics and/or inhibitor, and the mRNA and protein levels of its target gene were evaluated by RT‒qPCR and Western blotting analysis. The targeting of Appl1 by miR-668-3p was confirmed by dual luciferase assay. The interdependence of miR-668-3p and Appl1 was verified by cotransfection of C2C12 cells. RESULTS Our data reveal that miR-668-3p can inhibit myoblast proliferation and myogenic differentiation. Phosphotyrosine interacting with PH domain and leucine zipper 1 (Appl1) is a target gene of miR-668-3p, and it can promote myoblast proliferation and differentiation by activating the p38 MAPK pathway. Furthermore, the inhibitory effect of miR-668-3p on myoblast cell proliferation and myogenic differentiation could be rescued by Appl1. CONCLUSION Our results indicate a new mechanism by which the miR-668-3p/Appl1/p38 MAPK pathway regulates skeletal muscle development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haigang Cao
- Laboratory of Animal Fat Deposition and Muscle Development, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Tianning Du
- Laboratory of Animal Fat Deposition and Muscle Development, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
- Microbial Research Institute of Liaoning Province, Chaoyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Chenchen Li
- Laboratory of Animal Fat Deposition and Muscle Development, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Lingling Wu
- Laboratory of Animal Fat Deposition and Muscle Development, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jieming Liu
- Laboratory of Animal Fat Deposition and Muscle Development, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yuan Guo
- Laboratory of Animal Fat Deposition and Muscle Development, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiao Li
- Laboratory of Animal Fat Deposition and Muscle Development, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Gongshe Yang
- Laboratory of Animal Fat Deposition and Muscle Development, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jianjun Jin
- Laboratory of Animal Fat Deposition and Muscle Development, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Xin'e Shi
- Laboratory of Animal Fat Deposition and Muscle Development, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China.
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Transcriptome-Wide Study Revealed That N6-Methyladenosine Participates in Regulation Meat Production in Goats. Foods 2023; 12:foods12061159. [PMID: 36981086 PMCID: PMC10048064 DOI: 10.3390/foods12061159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
In mammals, skeletal muscle development is a complex biological process regulated by many factors. N6-methyladenosine (m6A) RNA modification plays an important role in many biological processes. However, the regulation of m6A on skeletal muscle growth and development in adult goats remains unclear. In this study, Duan goats (DA) and Nubia goats (NBY), both female and 12 months old, were selected as the research objects, and m6A-Seq and RNA-Seq were mainly used to detect the difference of m6A modification and gene expression during the development of the longissimus dorsi (LD) muscle in the two breeds. The results showed that compared with DA, the meat production performance of NBY was better than that of DA, and the modification level of m6A was higher than that of DA in LD. The m6A-Seq of LD indicated m6A peaks were mainly enriched in the coding sequence (CDS) and stop codon. A total of 161 differentially methylated genes (DMGs) and 1294 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in two breeds. GO and KEGG analysis showed that DMGs were closely related to cellular metabolism, and most of DMGs were enriched in pathways related to energy metabolism, muscle growth and development, mainly MAPK signaling pathway, Wnt signaling pathway and CGMP-PKG signaling pathway. The DEGs were significantly enriched in actin binding, calcium ion binding, angiogenesis, and other biological processes, and most of them were enriched in PI3K-Akt and CGMP-PKG signaling pathways. Combined analysis of m6A-Seq and RNA-Seq data revealed a negative correlation between differentially methylated m6A levels and mRNA abundance, and mRNA expression of the gene with m6A peak near 3′UTR will decrease. In addition, 11 DMGs regulating cell differentiation, muscle growth and development were identified. This study displayed the m6A profiles and distribution patterns in the goat transcriptome, determined the potential role of m6A modification in muscle growth and provided a new reference for the further study of goat skeletal muscle development.
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Gu L, Zhang S, Li B, Jiang Q, Xu T, Huang Y, Lin D, Xing M, Huang L, Zheng X, Wang F, Chao Z, Sun W. m6A and miRNA jointly regulate the development of breast muscles in duck embryonic stages. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:933850. [PMID: 36353255 PMCID: PMC9637736 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.933850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is an abundant internal mRNA modification and plays a crucial regulatory role in animal growth and development. In recent years, m6A modification has been found to play a key role in skeletal muscles. However, whether m6A modification contributes to embryonic breast muscle development of Pekin ducks has not been explored. To explore the role of m6A in embryonic breast muscle development of ducks, we performed m6A sequencing and miRNA sequencing for the breast muscle of duck embryos on the 19th (E19) and 27th (E27) days. A total of 12,717 m6A peaks were identified at E19, representing a total of 7,438 gene transcripts. A total of 14,703 m6A peaks were identified, which overlapped with the transcripts of 7,753 genes at E27. Comparing E19 and E27, we identified 2,347 differential m6A peaks, which overlapped with 1,605 m6A-modified genes (MMGs). Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses revealed that MMGs were enriched in multiple muscle- or fat-related pathways, which was also revealed from our analysis of differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Conjoint analysis of m6A-seq and RNA-seq data showed that pathways related to β-oxidation of fatty acids and skeletal muscle development were significantly enriched, suggesting that m6A modification is involved in the regulation of fat deposition and skeletal muscle development. There were 90 upregulated and 102 downregulated miRNAs identified between the E19 and E27 stages. Through overlapping analysis of genes shared by MMGs and DEGs and the targets of differentially expressed miRNAs (DEMs), we identified six m6A-mRNA-regulated miRNAs. Finally, we found that m6A modification can regulate fat deposition and skeletal muscle development. In conclusion, our results suggest that m6A modification is a key regulator for embryonic breast muscle development and fat deposition of ducks by affecting expressions of mRNAs and miRNAs. This is the first study to comprehensively characterize the m6A patterns in the duck transcriptome. These data provide a solid basis for future work aimed at determining the potential functional roles of m6A modification in adipose deposition and muscle growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihong Gu
- Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, China
- Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Hainan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, China
| | - Shunjin Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
| | - Boling Li
- The Hainan Animal Husbandry Technology Promotion Station, Haikou, China
| | - Qicheng Jiang
- School of Life Science, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Tieshan Xu
- Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, China
- *Correspondence: Tieshan Xu
| | - Yongzhen Huang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
| | - Dajie Lin
- Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Hainan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, China
| | - Manping Xing
- Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Hainan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, China
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Animal Breeding and Disease Research, Haikou, China
| | - Lili Huang
- Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Hainan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, China
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Animal Breeding and Disease Research, Haikou, China
| | - Xinli Zheng
- Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Hainan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, China
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Animal Breeding and Disease Research, Haikou, China
| | - Feng Wang
- Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Hainan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, China
| | - Zhe Chao
- Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Hainan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, China
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Animal Breeding and Disease Research, Haikou, China
| | - Weiping Sun
- Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, China
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Inflammation: Roles in Skeletal Muscle Atrophy. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11091686. [PMID: 36139760 PMCID: PMC9495679 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11091686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Various diseases can cause skeletal muscle atrophy, usually accompanied by inflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction, apoptosis, decreased protein synthesis, and enhanced proteolysis. The underlying mechanism of inflammation in skeletal muscle atrophy is extremely complex and has not been fully elucidated, thus hindering the development of effective therapeutic drugs and preventive measures for skeletal muscle atrophy. In this review, we elaborate on protein degradation pathways, including the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS), the autophagy-lysosome pathway (ALP), the calpain and caspase pathways, the insulin growth factor 1/Akt protein synthesis pathway, myostatin, and muscle satellite cells, in the process of muscle atrophy. Under an inflammatory environment, various pro-inflammatory cytokines directly act on nuclear factor-κB, p38MAPK, and JAK/STAT pathways through the corresponding receptors, and then are involved in muscle atrophy. Inflammation can also indirectly trigger skeletal muscle atrophy by changing the metabolic state of other tissues or cells. This paper explores the changes in the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and fat metabolism under inflammatory conditions as well as their effects on skeletal muscle. Moreover, this paper also reviews various signaling pathways related to muscle atrophy under inflammatory conditions, such as cachexia, sepsis, type 2 diabetes mellitus, obesity, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, chronic kidney disease, and nerve injury. Finally, this paper summarizes anti-amyotrophic drugs and their therapeutic targets for inflammation in recent years. Overall, inflammation is a key factor causing skeletal muscle atrophy, and anti-inflammation might be an effective strategy for the treatment of skeletal muscle atrophy. Various inflammatory factors and their downstream pathways are considered promising targets for the treatment and prevention of skeletal muscle atrophy.
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Wang J, Li B, Yang X, Liang C, Raza SHA, Pan Y, Zhang K, Zan L. Integration of RNA-seq and ATAC-seq identifies muscle-regulated hub genes in cattle. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:925590. [PMID: 36032309 PMCID: PMC9404375 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.925590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
As the main product of livestock, muscle itself plays an irreplaceable role in maintaining animal body movement and regulating metabolism. Therefore, it is of great significance to explore its growth, development and regeneration to improve the meat yield and quality of livestock. In this study, we attempted to use RNA-seq and ATAC-seq techniques to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) specifically expressed in bovine skeletal muscle as potential candidates for studying the regulatory mechanisms of muscle development. Microarray data from 8 tissue samples were selected from the GEO database for analysis. First, we obtained gene modules related to each tissue through WGCNA analysis. Through Gene Ontology (GO) functional annotation, the module of lightyellow (MElightyellow) was closely related to muscle development, and 213 hub genes were screened as follow-up research targets. Further, the difference analysis showed that, except for PREB, all other candidate hub genes were up-regulated (muscle group vs. other-group). ATAC-seq analysis showed that muscle-specific accessible chromatin regions were mainly located in promoter of genes related to muscle structure development (GO:0061061), muscle cell development (GO:0055001) and muscle system process (GO:0003012), which were involved in cAMP, CGMP-PKG, MAPK, and other signaling pathways. Next, we integrated the results of RNA-seq and ATAC-seq analysis, and 54 of the 212 candidate hub genes were identified as key regulatory genes in skeletal muscle development. Finally, through motif analysis, 22 of the 54 key genes were found to be potential target genes of transcription factor MEF2C. Including CAPN3, ACTN2, MB, MYOM3, SRL, CKM, ALPK3, MAP3K20, UBE2G1, NEURL2, CAND2, DOT1L, HRC, MAMSTR, FSD2, LRRC2, LSMEM1, SLC29A2, FHL3, KLHL41, ATXN7L2, and PDRG1. This provides a potential reference for studying the molecular mechanism of skeletal muscle development in mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianfang Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
| | - Bingzhi Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
| | - Xinran Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
| | - Chengcheng Liang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
| | | | - Yueting Pan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
| | - Ke Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
| | - Linsen Zan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
- National Beef Cattle Improvement Center, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
- *Correspondence: Linsen Zan
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Ma L, Chen W, Li S, Qin M, Zeng Y. Identification and functional prediction of long non-coding RNAs related to skeletal muscle development in Duroc pigs. Anim Biosci 2022; 35:1512-1523. [PMID: 35507853 PMCID: PMC9449383 DOI: 10.5713/ab.22.0020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The growth of pigs involves multiple regulatory mechanisms, and modern molecular breeding techniques can be used to understand the skeletal muscle growth and development to promote the selection process of pigs. This study aims to explore candidate lncRNAs and mRNAs related to skeletal muscle growth and development among Duroc pigs with different average daily gain (ADG). Methods A total of 8 pigs were selected and divided into two groups: H group (high-ADG) and L group (low-ADG). And followed by whole transcriptome sequencing to identify differentially expressed (DE) lncRNAs and mRNAs. Results In RNA-seq, 703 DE mRNAs (263 up-regulated and 440 down-regulated) and 74 DE lncRNAs (45 up-regulated and 29 down-regulated) were identified. In addition, 1,418 Transcription factors (TFs) were found. Compared with mRNAs, lncRNAs had fewer exons, shorter transcript length and open reading frame length. DE mRNAs and DE lncRNAs can form 417 lncRNA-mRNA pairs (antisense, cis and trans). DE mRNAs and target genes of lncRNAs were enriched in cellular processes, biological regulation, and regulation of biological processes. In addition, quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis was used to detect the functions of DE mRNAs and lncRNAs, the most of DE mRNAs and target genes of lncRNAs were enriched in QTLs related to growth traits and skeletal muscle development. In single-nucleotide polymorphism/insertion-deletion (SNP/INDEL) analysis, 1,081,182 SNP and 131,721 INDEL were found, and transition was more than transversion. Over 60% of percentage were skipped exon events among alternative splicing events. Conclusion The results showed that different ADG among Duroc pigs with the same diet maybe due to the DE mRNAs and DE lncRNAs related to skeletal muscle growth and development.
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Cui C, Yin H, Han S, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Zhu Q. Quantitative proteomic and phosphoproteomic analysis of chicken skeletal muscle during embryonic development. Anim Biotechnol 2021; 34:122-133. [PMID: 34236285 DOI: 10.1080/10495398.2021.1941071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle also plays a vital role in regulating the movement energy storage and health of metabolism. In order to investigate the expression profile of protein and phosphor-proteins in chicken skeletal muscle during embryonic development, we performed phosphor-proteomics analysis by label-free and TiO2 enrichment strategy in chicken leg muscle tissues of at embryonic age embryo day 7(E7), E12, E17 and 3-day post-hatch (D3). The study led to the identification of 4332 proteins in the proteome and 1043 phosphorylation modification sites in the phosphorylated proteome, corresponding to 718 proteins (FC ≥ 2 or FC ≤ 0.5 and p < 0.05). The DEP-associated biological processes were involved in Focal adhesion, Glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, Arginine and proline metabolism by KEGG analysis. PPI analyses revealed that these DEPs TNNC1, TNNC2, TNNT2, TNNT3 and phosphorylated DEPs MYLPF interacted with involved pathways. Integrative analysis of proteome and phosphoproteome data found 324 common proteins, corresponding to 521 modification sites and Focal adhesion was the only pathway significantly enriched. These results provide a basis for further understanding the proteome and phosphoproteome and their regulatory biochemical pathways during the development of embryonic chicken skeletal muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Can Cui
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, P. R. China
| | - Huadong Yin
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, P. R. China
| | - Shunshun Han
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, P. R. China
| | - Yao Zhang
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, P. R. China
| | - Yun Zhang
- College of Management, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, P. R. China
| | - Qing Zhu
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, P. R. China
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The PKA-p38MAPK-NFAT5-Organic Osmolytes Pathway in Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy: From Essential Player in Osmotic Homeostasis, Inflammation and Skeletal Muscle Regeneration to Therapeutic Target. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9040350. [PMID: 33808305 PMCID: PMC8066813 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9040350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), the absence of dystrophin from the dystrophin-associated protein complex (DAPC) causes muscle membrane instability, which leads to myofiber necrosis, hampered regeneration, and chronic inflammation. The resulting disabled DAPC-associated cellular pathways have been described both at the molecular and the therapeutical level, with the Toll-like receptor nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells pathway (NF-ƘB), Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription proteins, and the transforming growth factor-β pathways receiving the most attention. In this review, we specifically focus on the protein kinase A/ mitogen-activated protein kinase/nuclear factor of activated T-cells 5/organic osmolytes (PKA-p38MAPK-NFAT5-organic osmolytes) pathway. This pathway plays an important role in osmotic homeostasis essential to normal cell physiology via its regulation of the influx/efflux of organic osmolytes. Besides, NFAT5 plays an essential role in cell survival under hyperosmolar conditions, in skeletal muscle regeneration, and in tissue inflammation, closely interacting with the master regulator of inflammation NF-ƘB. We describe the involvement of the PKA-p38MAPK-NFAT5-organic osmolytes pathway in DMD pathophysiology and provide a clear overview of which therapeutic molecules could be of potential benefit to DMD patients. We conclude that modulation of the PKA-p38MAPK-NFAT5-organic osmolytes pathway could be developed as supportive treatment for DMD in conjunction with genetic therapy.
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